Video Clip: Opening Inventory of the Ten Emperors

Chapter 199 Bad luck, untimely birth
The Three Kingdoms period is a period that many people in later generations like very much.

Celebrities emerged in large numbers during this period.

And Jiang Wei was a controversial figure in the later period of the Three Kingdoms.

As the "Tianshui Kirin" among the 24 generals of the Three Kingdoms, Jiang Wei was a controversial figure in the late Three Kingdoms period. Although he inherited Kong Ming's mantle and continued to lead the Shu Han army to attack Cao Wei in the north, he was unable to return to heaven after all.

Strong in force and outstanding in strategy, unfortunately, his luck is unlucky and he is a tragic figure born at an untimely time.

In addition to his birth, when he was in charge of the military power of the Shu Han in the later period, as a comparison with Prime Minister Zhuge, later generations have different evaluations of him, but because there are not many records, especially the experience of surrendering to Shu in the early years, everyone has their own opinions.

Presumably, most of the descendants who have listened to the storytelling of the Three Kingdoms since childhood do not consciously regard the Shu Han as orthodox, so they are tolerant of the characters of the Shu Han, let alone the successor of the prime minister who abandoned the dark and turned to the bright.

It is difficult to evaluate Jiang Wei. His actions must be analyzed in terms of time, background, general environment, and his own personality.

Why did Jiang Wei descend to Han?

Zhuge Liang made his first Northern Expedition in [-]. Cao Wei never took the western front seriously since Liu Bei's death, so the Yongzhou area in the west of Chang'an was shocked by the Han army rushing out of the valley, and the three counties of Tianshui, Anding, and Nan'an all rebelled against Wei Yingliang.

Jiang Wei was the official of Tianshui County at that time, but he was following the county guard on inspections and was not in the territory. The county guard Ma Zun was frightened and abandoned the subordinate officer and fled. Jiang Wei and others were forced to descend to Shu due to the current situation.

Unexpectedly, the situation of the battle changed suddenly, Ma Di Street Pavilion fell, Zhuge Liang only moved away thousands of households and surrendered generals near Qishan, and Jiang Wei didn't even have time to take his mother away.

Back in Hanzhong, Jiang Wei was made Prime Minister Cangcao Cao, added General Fengyi, and named Dangyang Tinghou.

The official position is the subordinate official of the prime minister's farm affairs warehouse, and the general is a miscellaneous name, not a real position.

However, Zhuge Liang attached great importance to Jiang Wei. He wrote to Shi Zhangyi, the governor of the residence in Chengdu, and Jiang Wan, who joined the army, saying, "Jiang Boyue is loyal to current affairs and meticulous in thinking. I have observed his talents. Li Shao and Ma Liang are better than him." If not, he is really a sergeant from Liangzhou."

He also said, "Jiang Wei is not only very insightful in military affairs, he is brave and bold, understands righteousness, understands the art of war, and has a deep understanding of the Han Dynasty. I plan to let him teach him military knowledge while training 6000 or [-] Zhonghu infantry. Then take him into the palace to meet the emperor."

It is hard to imagine how Jiang Wei expressed his wishes to the prime minister of Han for a 20-year-old official of a small county in Wei State to receive such favorable treatment.

Many people in later generations have doubts about Jiang Wei at this time, why he descended to the Han Dynasty, why he suddenly emerged and kept the Han Dynasty in his heart, and why he treated him so favorably.

Jiang Wei's choice has something to do with the place where he lives in Yongliang.

Whenever the Shu Han mentions the land west of Chang'an, it must be called Liangzhou.

When the First Lord and Sun Quan dragged Jingzhou, they said, "If you want to win Liangzhou, you should use Jingzhou as your partner." Later, Ma Chao went to Shu and served as the shepherd of Liangzhou, and Wei Yan served as the governor of Liangzhou. Han officials still regarded Kansai as Liangzhou in Kyushu. .

But in fact, this place was divided into Yongzhou and Liangzhou when Li Jue and Guo Si hijacked Emperor Xian in Chang'an. According to the "Book of Jin", the five counties of Hexi were separated because of the continuous war at the end of Han Dynasty, and the remaining counties were renamed Yongzhou. , and later collectively called Yongzhou with Guanyou's Sanfu.

Before and after Cao Cao supported Emperor Xian, the Kansai region had been divided by various warlords and did not submit to the central government.

It wasn't until the establishment of Wei State, Ma Teng, Han Sui and others were destroyed one after another, that Cao Wei really put these places under the sphere of influence.

Liangzhou is far away and mixed with Hu and Han, and there are many tyrants in the places where the soldiers are aggressive. Zhang Ji's suggestion to Cao Cao is to focus on Shu, and let the internal struggles in Liangzhou go, and even abolish the establishment of Liangzhou in [-].

Cao Wei paid more attention to Yongzhou, which faced the Shu Han and had three assistants. The successive governors of Yongzhou were all talented Zhang Ji, Guo Huai, Chen Tai, etc., and Chang'an was the frontier headquarters of the war against Shu.

It’s just that since the later Han Dynasty, the Kansai area has always been a mixed area of ​​Hu and Han. Tianshui and Longxi under Liangyong’s rule have always been the places where the Qiang, Di and Hu people were forced to migrate and settle. Then bully the Hu people.

Di Qiang, who lived mixed with the Han people, had to rise up to resist under the double oppression of life and ethnic discrimination. Because of the suppression of the Qiang people’s resistance, the frontier generals surged up and down. Huangfugui, Zhang Huan, Duan Kai.

The military expenditures spent here amounted to tens of billions, and warlords like Dong Zhuo and Han Sui who supported themselves with self-respect were produced.

The land of "Xi Liang" is completely a war burden, and most Cao Wei officials unconsciously ignore or even discriminate against these places.

After Cao Cao pacified Zhang Lu, Zhang Ji, who had the most pioneering vision, needed to relocate tens of thousands of households in Hanzhong to enrich the Chang'an and Sanfu areas on time. The key constructions were in the east close to the Central Plains, and he had always neglected the west.

Not to mention the local barbarians, and the mixed Han people were not taken seriously. Dong Zhuo, Han Sui, and Ma Teng, the local warlords, had complicated attitudes toward the Central Plains: they wanted to be naturalized but were afraid of being exploited by discrimination——Western Warlords It has always been regarded as combat power but not as a human being.

It is even said that Xia Houyuan, Guo Huai and other Wei Jun's high-handed methods against Hu Rong indirectly led to the increasingly serious Diqiang Rebellion in the future, which became a major heart disease in the Western Jin Dynasty and a big explosive barrel for the Wuhu chaos.

Jiang Wei, a native of Tianshui, was born in the seventh year of Jian'an. In the 27 years before returning to Shu, he witnessed the changes in Kansai, the disputes in the world and the coexistence of the Three Kingdoms.

When he was young, his father, Jiang Jiong, was killed in guarding the county general during the Qiang Rong rebellion as a civil servant of the county Duke Cao.

Later, Jiang Wei changed his career from planning to career. Because his father died in the line of duty, he "given Wei Guan Zhonglang to participate in the military of this county", and turned from civilian to military to work as a small official in Tianshui County.

At this time Zhuge Liang came, and the frontier that had not been exposed to the majesty of the great Han for decades was illuminated.

Many people say that Jiang Wei, the son of martyr Wei, likes fame and even raises dead soldiers secretly, as if he is looking forward to the big event.

Zhuge Liang is definitely a charismatic and forward-thinking character. His personality, his strategy in Longzhong, and his situation all require him to treat people who may become friends differently. Think about how he just pacified southern Sichuan, and saw people from Liangzhou The prime minister will definitely give an impassioned speech, and Jiang Wei in the crowd is instantly inspired to dream. The Shu Han is not what Wei does at all. Why not show yourself if you have the opportunity to realize the true meaning of life.

Sun Sheng, a native of Taiyuan in the Jin Dynasty, wrote miscellaneous notes saying that Jiang Wei followed Zhuge Liang and separated from his mother, and later received a letter from his mother.

"Ask for Angelica".

Jiang Wei said: "A hundred hectares of good land is not in one mu, but there is ambition, not in angelica."

There is a saying that Jiang Wei has a rough knowledge of academics, so he should not say such a thing, which means that Jiang Wei will not be unfilial to his mother.

But such inferences are all taken for granted, because "rough knowledge and academics" push out "do not say so"?
This sentence can explain Jiang Wei's reason for staying in Shuhan, "but there is ambition, not in Angelica."

Jiang Wei received relatively high treatment in Shu and was able to realize his ambitions, so of course he would not go back.

Later, Chen Shou wrote a biography to Jiang Wei. His early life and his return to Shu Han were full of doubts, which shows that Jiang Wei kept silent about this matter.

What Jiang Wei said was not necessarily a reply to his mother, but more like expressing his personal ambitions to the Shu Han.

When Chen Shou commented on Jiang Wei at the end, he said that he was rough in civil and martial arts, which was completely different from Zhuge Liang's high evaluation of this successor.

If you really want to evaluate, I'm afraid you have to make a [-]% discount between Chen Shou and the prime minister. Jiang Wei is not that bad but he is not very talented either.

In terms of literary talents, Jiang Wei's father died early and he had no high-level teachers. It is said that he is good at studying Zheng, but it can also be understood that Jiang Wei is a student who reads all versions of ancient books.

Anyone who mentions this point is regarded as evidence that Jiang Wei reads Confucian classics so he has the Han Dynasty in his heart. However, the Confucian scholars in the Cao Wei Dynasty at the end of the Han Dynasty would not use Zheng Xue as their own political judgment. The conflict of interests is the result of completely facing the cruel reality.

Back to talking about the level of Zheng Xue, Wei mentioned that there were Cui Yan and Xi Ji in the past, and later Wang Ji. The level of these people is obvious to all. It is estimated that the level of onlookers is enough. In the biography of Yunbie, it is said that Jiang Wei and other ministers meant that Zhao Yun pursued the posthumous posthumous title Shunpinghou, but the posthumous method quoted in it is very problematic from the point of view of the school of scriptures.

In terms of military strategy, although Jiang Wei joined the military when he was young, Prime Minister Zhuge also saw that he did not have much experience. After his surrender, he hoped to train more in the military field to prepare for the future.

Until Zhuge Liang's death, Jiang Wei was always just a supervisor and guard of the army, and he never led troops in several Northern Expeditions.

After Jiang Wan came to power, Jiang Wei still followed him as Sima, and began to "lead the army to the west", but that's all, there is no record of the time and place of the battle.

At this time, Jiang Wei was already 40 years old. Deng Ai, who was a few years older, had just been excavated by Sima Yi as an accountant and went to Huainan to farm. Zhong Hui, who was less than 20 years old, was about to become a minister.

In [-] Cao Shuang attacked Hanzhong, but was blocked by Wang Ping, the defender of Hanzhong, in the steep mountain outside Luogukou. Fei Yi rushed to help from Chengdu to repel Cao Shuang together, which was a battle of prosperity.

Some people even considered Jiang Wei's credit for this battle and praised him too much. At most, he participated as a reinforcement in Fu County. If he really won the battle and gained experience, he would not be criticized for "gathering troops and gathering valleys" later. .

After Jiang Wan died of illness, Jiang Wei was promoted from Governor of Liangzhou and General Zhenxi to General of Wei. He and General Fei Yi co-recorded official affairs, and began to get in touch with the political affairs of the court. The governor probably also wrote concurrently.

In this year, the Pingkangyi people of Wenshan County in the Shu region gathered together to fight against Shu. It is recorded that Jiang Wei led troops on a long journey for the first time and quickly eliminated the discordant voices in Yizhou.

As soon as the Shu land was over, several Qiang tribes from Longxi, Nan'an, Jincheng, and Xiping in Yongliang rebelled against Wei and contacted the Shu Han to ask for surrender, so Jiang Wei immediately went north from Wenshan to greet him.

When Jiang Wei saw Cao Shuang and Sima Yi fighting for power in Wei State at that time, he always wanted to try his edge when he encountered an opportunity. He took advantage of the opportunity to welcome the Qiang and wanted to attack Xiahouba, the defender of Shu. Unexpectedly, he was chased by Guo Huai, the veteran Yongzhou governor Come to rescue, Jiang Wei retreated immediately.

Later, Jiang Wei and Liao Hua split up to meet the remnants of the Qiang tribe. As a result, they "destroyed Liao Hua" and repelled Jiang Wei west of the Tao River. Guo Huai was promoted to General Chariot for this merit.

This has already happened in 47, and it was counted as the first of Jiang Wei's nine northward marches. At this time, Jiang Wei was [-] years old!
He is two years older than when Prime Minister Zhuge pacified Nanzhong.

But compared with Guo Huai's military experience, he is like a child. You must know that when Jiang Wei was in Jiang Wei, Guo Huai blocked Liu Bei's army that killed Xia Houyuan, and Guo Huai was still sick at the time. Zhang He was the highest commander in Hanzhong, and he resisted Liu Bei until Cao Cao's reinforcements arrived.

Zhuge Liang did not take advantage of Guo Huai's last Northern Expedition.

Later, during the Gaoping Mausoleum change, Xia Houba surrendered to Shu, and Jiang Wei marched northward for the second time. His fortification was defeated by Guo Huai, Chen Tai, and Deng Ai, and Ju An and Li Xin surrendered to Wei.

Jiang Wei marched northward three times during the festival, went around Liangzhou in the west to attack Xiping, and captured Guo Xiu.

These three times, Jiang Wei had no more than [-] troops, but each time he was assisted by Qiang Rong. He sincerely hoped that he could conquer the counties in the west of Longshan in a big way, but Fei Yi, who was conservative, settled down with the reason of "protecting the country and governing the people, and respecting the community". .

The victory or defeat of the three independent leading troops is obvious. Jiang Wei likes to build the city according to the danger in the first two times he sent troops, and divide the troops to defend it, but Xiaowo was besieged and had to go back to save it.

Since we are harassing in the enemy's territory, we should concentrate our forces to come and go freely, so that the enemy can't track his movements. This is the basic principle.

Jiang Wei's Shu army was still dominated by infantry. After crossing the mountains and entering the plains of Longxi, in order to prevent the impact of the cavalry of the State of Wei - in the past, Guo Huai was mainly cavalry when he came and went freely in the four counties. .

Jiang Wei used Qianghu to fight, just like he did against Han soldiers, using his family members as hostages.

In doing so, once the Shu army was defeated, Jiang Wei had to deal with the Qiang Hu who would change his mind.

The second Battle of Longxi was not found in "Three Kingdoms Jiang Wei Biography", but was recorded in Guo Huai, Chen Tai, Deng Ai and other biographies respectively. Such descriptions show that Jiang Wei attacked scattered targets after leaving Longxi, "Juqiang, Hu Zhiren, etc. Kou forced the counties", either Wei hadn't figured out Jiang Wei's real intentions, or Jiang Wei just wanted to take advantage of the loopholes and go wherever the defense was empty.

At the beginning of 250, probably stimulated by Zhuge Ke's demise, Jiang Wei began to return to Chengdu to get in touch with political affairs, but only to fulfill his original responsibility of recording affairs.

It can't be compared with Prime Minister Zhuge's auxiliary government at all.

Although many descendants always regard Jiang Wei as Zhuge Liang's successor.

Moreover, Jiang Wei never proposed a countermeasure similar to Longzhong's pairing. The prime minister's dispatch of troops can be called the Northern Expedition. It was a true implementation of the original strategy of leading the army and governing the country, although the geographical situation foundation on which it relied later was destroyed.

However, Zhuge Liang still followed the basic policy of "taking over the heroes, thinking of the virtuous and benefiting them as much as possible, protecting their rocks and obstacles, harmonizing Zhu Rong in the west, comforting the barbarians in the south, making good friends with Sun Quan in the outside, and cultivating political principles in the interior" to deal with the Northern Expedition from all aspects. Give practical guidance.

And Jiang Wei's northward advance, from the very first time, was a non-active and opportunistic tactic, always taking advantage of the changes in the enemy's country to blindly take advantage of it.

Turn the tactics of "the world is changing, (you can send troops to the north)" of the "Longzhong Opposition" into a strategy. "Yue" only knows how to use, but not how to appease.

We only know how to use talents but don't know how to mine them.

Given Jiang Wei's personal ability and the environmental conditions of Shu, Jiang Wei's northward march was destined to be a tragedy.

(End of this chapter)