Video Clip: Opening Inventory of the Ten Emperors

Chapter 205 Shang Yang Reform
A "Biography of the Ranger of the Tang Dynasty" fully describes the true passion between men and women.

And Nan Jiyun is one of the most subtle strokes.

He is majestic and strong, and later generations will evaluate Duan Guizhang and Nan Jiyun as two great rangers.

To save friends from thousands of miles away, he put his own life and death aside.

He was so brave that he terrified the enemy.

He has the courage to do things, and he shows the heroic spirit of "although there are tens of thousands of people, I will go".

Consoling his wife on his deathbed, he is also a tender and infatuated person.

Gu Feng chivalrous, iron bones and soft intestines are exactly the pertinent evaluation of Nan Jiyun.

In troubled times, he used all his flesh and blood to guard an isolated city that must be broken without any complaints.

As the saying goes, "Don't be afraid of being smashed to pieces, you must stay innocent in the world."

He would rather die than surrender, and die with the city, his body dies but his soul is immortal, playing a tragic song of eternal life in Suiyang.

Some people commented on Nan Jiyun, he gnawed at his beggar, had a clear distinction between love and hate, and returned to the dangerous city, showing the true qualities of a warrior.

In the 34 books of Liang, gentle and elegant Confucianism is as clear as spring water, but Nan Jiyun, who combines the chivalrous spirit of the rivers and lakes with the heart of a child for the country and the people, is a rare and mighty torrent in Liang Shu.

Nan Jiyun's life was a vigorous life, just as Liang Yusheng himself commented, "If you dare to laugh at Jing Ke as a coward, you can call Nan Ba ​​a man".

He used his own life to explain what loyalty and magnanimity are, what is pride in troubled times, and what is the value of eternal life beyond utilitarianism.

Nanba, the hero never dies, the Chinese man he represents, tenderness in roughness, loyalty and bravery in chivalry, will be like a sculpture, and will live forever in the hearts of millions of people.

…………

"Why is this person so familiar?"

Tang Xuanzong Li Longji trembled.

this name...

Nanba, Nanba...

Yes!

Why was Guo Ziyi able to turn the tide during the Anshi Rebellion?

Was there no help from others in this?
In Li Longji's eyes, Nanba must be insignificant.

But the evil result of the Anshi Rebellion actually appeared because of Li Longji.

Sow the evil cause and taste the fruit.

"Hey!"

"It's really my mistake."

"One mistake, the whole game is lost!"

…………

How much credit did Nanba die in the battle?

His seven-year-old son was also named a fourth-rank official because of this, and people also said that the emperor was stingy.

In the fourth year of Tang Xianzong Yuanhe, the great writer Liu Zongyuan was living in Yongzhou.

Since he was demoted to the remote south, very few old people came to visit him, and they were all afraid of getting into trouble.At this time, friends are very important to Liu Zongyuan.

But this year, Liu Zongyuan bid farewell to a good friend, Yongzhou Governor Nan Chengsi.

Nan Chengsi had only been in Yongzhou for more than two years, and he hit it off with Liu Zongyuan.

The two often drank and chatted together.

Recently, Nan Chengsi received an order from the imperial court to "transfer" him to Lizhou as the governor.

Lizhou is much better than Yongzhou in the south, because most officials don't want to go to the south.

"Quantity shift" is equivalent to a pardon. From these two words, we can know that Nan Chengsi went to Yongzhou because he was punished.

He was the governor of Fuzhou before.

It was the first year of Yuanhe, Emperor Xianzong Li Chun sent troops to put down the rebellion of Xichuan warlord Liu Pi.

The meritorious will be rewarded, and the guilty will be punished.

Because the Xichuan rebels once occupied Fuzhou, which was not strictly guarded, Nan Chengsi was sued and went to Yongzhou to accompany Liu Zongyuan.

On the surface, it seems that Nan Chengsi's position has not changed, they are both governors.

However, the Tang Dynasty divided the states in the world into upper, middle and lower ranks according to the population. The high rank of the governor can be from the third rank, and the lower rank can be from the fifth rank.

However, Nan Chengsi's status is quite special. Even during his relegation, his official rank has never been lowered, and he has always been a fourth rank.

Liu Zongyuan was happy for Nan Chengsi's job transfer. He not only wrote him a farewell poem, but also wrote "Send Nanfuzhou Quantity to Lizhou Preface".

Nan Chengsi's official position was not obtained by studying, but was specially approved by the court because of his father's achievements during his lifetime.

In fact, when Nan Chengsi was still a seven-year-old boy, he had already been granted the title of "Don't drive in Wuzhou".

Biejia is equivalent to the county magistrate in the Han Dynasty. It has great power and has its own special car, hence the name.

Biejia in the Tang Dynasty was Cong Sipin.

A seven-year-old child was named a fourth-rank official, but no one expressed dissatisfaction.

On the contrary, people at that time still felt that the emperor was stingy, and the reward given to Nan Chengsi was too low.

Because his father is Nan Jiyun, a great hero rarely seen through the ages.

Is this reward much?

Not really much.

You know, there were less than [-] defenders in Suiyang City at that time.

And what about the enemy?

That's more than one hundred thousand.

10,000+ vs. [-], this is a battle without any suspense.

Is the Anshi Rebellion terrible?

Terrible!
Suiyang is located in the central section of the Bianhe River of the Sui and Tang Grand Canals, and it was the last barrier for the Tang army to defend the Jianghuai River Basin.

For the Tang Dynasty, the affluent Jianghuai area was Liu Bang's backyard Guanzhong when the Chu and Han dynasties fought for hegemony.

Once Suiyang falls, taxes and military supplies from the Jianghuai River Basin will be cut off.

And the rebels can drive southward.

At that time, I am afraid that even ten Guo Ziyis will not be able to save Li Tang's situation.

Suiyang was left with only a thousand weakened remnants, and finally fell.

Suiyang held on for ten months, and the rebels paid the price of 12 casualties.

36 people including Nan Jiyun, Lei Wanchun, and Zhang Xun refused to surrender to the rebels and were all killed.

However, Suiyang's persistence bought time for the Tang army's overall operations. During this period, Guo Ziyi commanded the army to regain Chang'an.

It is a pity that only three days after the fall of Suiyang, a large army of officials and troops arrived and recaptured Suiyang.

Only three days away, Nan Jiyun and other "36 generals" will go down in history in a tragic way.

Afterwards, the officers and soldiers regained Luoyang, the eastern capital, and the court rewarded them for their merits, and the main generals in the defense of Suiyang were also awarded posthumous titles.

Nan Jiyun was posthumously presented to Kaifu Yitong Sansi and the governor of Yangzhou.

Later, the court of the Northern Song Dynasty set up temples to worship the generals who defended Huaiyang, and Nan Jiyun was revered as the "two dragon gods".

Han Yu, who ranked first among the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties, commented on the Suiyang Defense War, "Defend a city and defend the world. With thousands of soldiers who will die, fight with millions of troops who will grow every day, cover the rivers and Huaihe Rivers, and suppress their power. If it is not dead, it is whose fault it is!"

At that time, the reason why Datang's world survived was because of the defense of Suiyang.

Han Yu's words come from "The Postscript of Zhang Zhongcheng's Biography". This article describes Nan Jiyun's deeds and was adopted by the official history.

If it weren't for Han Yu, Nan Jiyun's deeds might have been buried long ago.

When Nan Jiyun was martyred, his son Nan Chengsi was only seven years old.

Tang Suzong issued an edict to praise Nan Jiyun's descendants, so Nan Chengsi was awarded the official position of Cong Sipin.

However, according to Tang Suzong's original intention, Nan Chengsi's reward may be even higher.

Liu Zongyuan said in "Preface to Send Nanfu Prefecture to Lizhou", "The tin of the soil and fields of the king is still frustrated by the hands of Yousi."

This passage shows that some courtiers objected to giving Nan Chengsi a higher official title, and Tang Suzong had to compromise.

Liu Zongyuan also wrote, "The old emperor Nan Chengsi has never been a child, and his rank is often the fourth. People still say that he is thinner than in ancient times."

That is to say, people at that time also thought that the court was stingy, so they gave Nan Chengsi the title of a fourth-rank official, which was far inferior to the previous court's attitude of respecting heroes and models.

People in the Tang Dynasty, including Liu Zongyuan, said that the court was stingy.

For example, during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Han Qianqiu took the initiative to invite Ying, and led two thousand warriors to conquer the chaos of Yue State in the south, and the whole army was wiped out.But Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty admired Han Qianqiu's courage and made his son Han Yannian the Marquis of Cheng'an.

Although Nan Chengsi does not have his father's unrivaled bravery, he has always followed his father as an example.

Later, when the Tang army conquered Huaixi and put down the rebellion of Ziqing Jiedu envoy, Nan Chengsi twice asked to serve in the army.

From the memorial written by Liu Zongyuan for him, we can know that the imperial court did not approve him to join the army.

But this is enough to prove that Nan Chengsi also wanted to make meritorious service after being a martyr, at least he was unwilling to sit on the credit of his father's generation and do nothing.

…………

"Bastard!"

"My Tang Dynasty has such a talent, how can his descendants be so stingy when giving rewards?"

"There are still people who object to rewarding him?"

Tang Taizong Li Shimin was furious when he saw this.

Shouldn't such a hero be rewarded for such a feat?
If there is no Nanba, maybe Datang Jiangshan will be gone.

So Li Shimin really didn't understand what the gang of court officials were thinking.

To some extent, Nanba saved their lives, but what about them?
How did you repay?
This kind of thing is simply unacceptable.

If everyone is like this, will there be any heroes who are willing to sincerely contribute to the court?
…………

This is the end of Nanba's chapter, and the deeds of other tragic characters will follow, so stay tuned.

Then, under the watch of everyone, the projection on the sky was more varied.

…………

Inventory of China's top ten tragic figures.

The person on the list-Shang Yang.

The dynasty it belonged to - Qin Dynasty.

Speaking of Shang Yang, we have to talk about his reform.

The key to the unification of the six countries lies in the reform.

But it was not Qin who was the first to reform.

Throughout the Spring and Autumn Period, the princes from all walks of life in the Central Plains took turns to dominate, and Qin Guo always wanted to break out of Hangu Pass to show his face in the Central Plains, but failed.

Qin Mugong only expanded thousands of miles to the west, and the powerful Jin State blocked it in the east, so it was difficult for Qin State to break out of Guanzhong.

During the Warring States Period, Wei State took the lead in ruling under Li Kui's reform.

Wei Wenhou took Li Kui as his prime minister and Wu Qi as his general, and once occupied the land of Hexi, Qin was overwhelmed.

Wu Qi is a pervert who devotes all his attention to his work. He kills his wife to beg his general, and eats and lives with soldiers.

In front of Wu Qi, Qin State suffered consecutive defeats and had no power to fight back, almost to the point of life and death.

After the death of Marquis Wen of Wei, Marquis Wu of Wei succeeded to the throne, and Wu Qi made great contributions to the master. He was suspected by powerful officials, so he fled to the state of Chu.

Only then did Qin have a chance to breathe.

When Wu Qi was in the state of Wei, he only showed his military talents. After arriving in the state of Chu, under the influence of Li Kui, Wu Qi also began to reform.

Chu State became stronger under Wu Qi's reform, and attacked Baiyue to the south to expand its territory.

Chu State is not like Wei State. Chu State is a traditional big country with powerful aristocrats.

The Kingdom of Wei had just been separated from the Kingdom of Jin, and the foundation of the aristocracy was not yet deep.

Wu Qi's reform aroused the dissatisfaction of the aristocratic forces in the Chu state. Once King Chu Mourning, who supported Wu Qi, died, the nobles rose up to kill Wu Qi.

Seeing that he had nowhere to go, Wu Qi hid behind the corpse of King Chu Mourning. The nobles shot arrows at him, and they also hit King Chu Mourning.

The decree of the state of Chu, hurt the body of the king of Chu and destroyed the three clans.

After King Chu Su succeeded to the throne, all those who shot arrows at King Chu Mourning were executed, and Wu Qi's body was also dismembered.

It was really clever for Wu Qi to think of using this method to avenge himself when he was dying.

However, as soon as Wu Qi died, the decrees he had made in the state of Chu were abolished, and the state of Chu returned to the old way.

The strength of Wei and Chu due to the reform made other countries see the power of the reform, so they followed suit.

Zuo Kingdom is located in the western border, and has always been looked down upon by the princes of the Central Plains, and has a strong desire for reform. At this time, Shang Yang appeared.

Shang Yang's reform was deeply influenced by Li Kui and Wu Qi. In fact, there was no difference in their reform in essence, but Shang Yang did it more thoroughly and implemented it more strictly.

The essence of Shang Yang's reform can be summed up in one sentence: change the enfeoffment system to the county system.

What is enfeoffment?
At the beginning of the founding of the Zhou Dynasty, except for Wang Ji, all the land in the world was enfeoffed to the princes, and the princes established the country on their own land, so the enfeoffment system is also called the feudal system.

The princes are completely autonomous in their own country, have their own army, their own laws, and the king of Zhou does not interfere in the internal affairs of the princes.

In the same way, the monarchs of the vassal states reserve a piece of land for themselves, and the rest of the land is entrusted to the Qing Dafu. The fief of the Qing Dafu is called home. The next step is the scholar. The scholar is the lowest level of nobleman. He has the status of aristocrat and has no land. He can only learn civil and martial arts by himself.

Scholars cultivate one's morality, high officials regulate one's family, feudal lords govern the country, the emperor governs the world, and self-cultivation regulates one's family and governs the country and the world are the duties of these four ranks of nobles.

The aristocratic succession system that is matched with the enfeoffment system is called the patriarchal system. The core of the patriarchal system is that the eldest son takes all, to the effect that the eldest son of the emperor inherits the title and property of the king.

The other princes were named lords; the eldest son of the princes inherited the title and all property, and the other princes were granted the title of doctor.

The eldest son of the doctor inherited the title and property of the doctor, and the other sons became scholars without property.

In the vassal states, the senior official is not only a title, but also a position, and it is hereditary.In this way, Doctor Qing, as a subject of the princes and monarchs, has become more and more powerful, and he cannot be replaced at will; It surpasses the monarch, like the Sanhuan of Lu State and the Liuqing of Jin State.

Shang Yang's reform is to abolish this.

First of all, the hereditary official position is gone, and the hereditary land is gone. Everything is based on military merit. Those who have made great achievements will be knighted, and those who have made little achievements will be divided into fields and lands even if they kill a person.

It is conceivable how the nobles of Qin would react to Shang Yang's actions.

In the past, every time a piece of land was opened up, the monarch would distribute the land to the heroes. Now this is gone, and it is directly turned into a county.

The system of prefectures and counties was not invented by Shang Yang. The first state to set up prefectures and counties was Chu State. When Chu State expanded from Danyang to the east in the early days, it destroyed Quanguo and changed it to Quanxian without enfeoffment. The king will manage.

Not only the Chu State, but the other six countries have prefectures and counties, but they are relatively few, and enfeoffment is still the mainstream. Only Shang Yang changed Qin State into prefectures and counties across the board.

(End of this chapter)