giants of the era

Chapter 285 A once-in-a-lifetime opportunity
The application for web page access is completed by a data packet, and the length of a data packet is 256b, which determines that a data packet can only have 13 blocks, which fundamentally limits the number of root domain name servers. That is to say, there can only be 13 root domain name servers.In previous lives, 10 of them were in the United States, 2 in Europe, and 1 in RB.

Since the Iraqi top-level domain name ".iq" was blocked, all countries in the world are very panic. Out of consideration for Internet information security, other countries in the world have established their own Internet emergency security systems.

CNNIC (China Internet Network Information Center) is the leader of this action in China.As China's domain name management agency, CNNIC has made several major moves: Before CNNIC was established, it moved the CN domain name server from Germany back to China, which was the prerequisite for mastering the dominance of national domain names; in 2003, CNNIC began to explore ideas to market In 2006, CNNIC opened five top-level nodes and implemented disaster preparedness management. As long as the website uses CN domain names, even if all international lines are interrupted, CNNIC also has emergency measures to ensure its resolution; in December 2006, China opened the "root The domain name "China Mirror Server" (roughly speaking, the mirror server is the clone server of the original root server), which means that in the future, Chinese netizens do not need to detour to the United States when visiting any website with the suffix of . The access request can be completed, which will fundamentally increase the speed of domestic network access.However, the results of DNS resolution will eventually be aggregated to the root domain name server.

That is to say, China does not have a root domain name server for a day. No matter how many more mirror servers are added, the improvement is only the speed of Internet users' access to the web, and the security problem is still not completely resolved. The relevant data of Chinese Internet DNS resolution is a very big threat to China's national security.

The number of Chinese netizens is the largest in the world, but China does not have a root domain name server, which is very embarrassing.

There are only two ways for China to have its own root domain name server. One is to transplant from a country that currently has a root domain name server, and the other is to change the status quo that the application for web page access is completed by a data packet.Transplantation is impossible, because the United States will not give it, and other countries are not rich.It is even more impossible to change the technical mode of a data packet, because the scope and technical changes involved are too large, and it is not easy to realize.

Officially released on June 2015, 6, Liu Dong, director of the China Next Generation Internet Engineering Center and the first executive chairman of the "Snowman Project", believes that the "Snowman Project" will break the root server dilemma, and the global Internet is expected to achieve multilateral co-governance. The "Snowman Project" first proposed and practiced the next-generation Internet root server technical solution of "one naming system, multiple addressing methods", breaking the "sacred and inviolable" and "unchangeable number" of the existing 23 root server operators It can introduce more root server operators, and at the same time ensure that a naming system is not destroyed, and truly realize the vision of "one world, one Internet" governed by multiple parties.However, although the idea is good, it may take many years of hard work to realize it.

As far as Li Zetian is now, on January 1985, 1, the United States officially opened domain name registration. The first domain name on the Internet was nordu.net registered on January 1, 1985.No one can imagine what the Internet will look like in the future? !If Li Zetian hadn't traveled here in 1, he wouldn't have understood how important the Internet and domain names are.Therefore, at the very beginning, the United States did not value the root domain name server very much, and this is a golden opportunity to establish a root domain name server in Hong Kong.And at this moment, the United States is in a cold war with the Soviet Union. In order to win over China and isolate the Soviet Union, China and the United States are in a honeymoon period.

On January 1985, 1, Li Zetian went on a business trip to Sprint.

Right now, Li Zetian has no excuse to get the United States to allow it to establish a root server in Hong Kong, but once the submarine cable between Hong Kong and the United States is successfully constructed, first let the subsidiary in Hong Kong apply for a domain name, and then Li Zetian can say that in order to improve the Hong Kong company’s network Access speed, need to establish a root server in Hong Kong...

"Mr. Li, you are here!" Sprint CEO Edgar Carr said.

Li Zetian nodded, and the two began to chat in the office.

Li Zetian asked about the construction progress of the submarine optical cable project.

Edgar Carle replied: "Sprint has been preparing since last year. So far, half of the submarine optical cable project from the coast of California to Hong Kong has been completed. It is expected to be completed by the end of this year. By then, Hong Kong will be able to communicate with Hong Kong." The NSFNET network in the United States and the Arpanet connection."

Li Zetian smiled, very satisfied.

The submarine optical cable project is recognized by countries all over the world as a complex and difficult large-scale project, and it is not easy to construct.

First of all, the design of the submarine optical cable must ensure that the optical fiber is not affected by external forces and the environment, and can adapt to submarine pressure, wear, corrosion, biological and other environments. It must have a suitable armor layer to prevent damage from fishing trawls, anchors and sharks. When the optical cable breaks, Minimize the length of seawater infiltration into the cable; prevent hydrogen from penetrating into the cable from the outside and prevent hydrogen from being generated inside; have a low-resistance remote power supply circuit; can withstand the tension during laying and recovery; the service life is generally required to be in 25+ years.

Then during the laying process, the ship kept moving forward, and then the underwater robot washed a ditch, put the optical cable in, and then the underwater robot washed the sand back to cover the optical cable, and then kept moving forward. The connection on the ship is completed first, then sealed, and then the laying continues.If the water is too deep for the underwater robot to work, it must be laid on the surface of the seabed by the weight of the submarine optical cable itself.

Li Zetian said very firmly: "With the increase of international communication services, the importance of submarine optical cables is becoming more and more important, and will undertake most of the international communication services, becoming the main carrier of global information communication. Although there are other methods such as satellite , Microwaves can be used as a supplement, but they cannot replace submarine optical cables, because their channels are limited, that is, the "frequency band" of wireless communication is often said to be limited. Therefore, for now, submarine optical cables will be the best solution for international communications! "

Edgar Carl said: "Yes, Mr. Li, I totally agree with your point of view. Compared with terrestrial optical cables, submarine optical cables have many advantages: First, there is no need to dig tunnels or use supports for laying support, so the investment is small and the construction speed is fast; second, except for the landing site, most of the submarine cables are on the bottom of the sea at a certain depth, and are not damaged by the natural environment such as wind and waves and interfered by human production activities. Therefore, the submarine cable is safe, stable, and anti-interference Strong ability and good confidentiality. It is a cheaper and safer way for users to communicate!"

Li Zetian said with a smile: "That's right, so Sprint will vigorously build submarine optical cables. Hong Kong is only the first stop. After that, there are Europe, RB, South Korea, Australia, South America and other regions waiting for us to develop markets."

"Yes!" Edgar Carle nodded.

Next, Li Zetian learned about Sprint's business. Sprint's main business is local telephone calls. Now that it is building and laying optical cables, it is naturally preparing to enter the long-distance telephone business. When the Internet rises, it will be able to provide Internet access services.

Everything is so natural.

At this moment, Li Zetian suddenly remembered something, and asked, "Do you know anything about GSM?"

"Understood! This is a new standardization organization established by the European Post and Telecommunications Conference. Its purpose is to formulate technical specifications for the European 900MHz digital TDMA cellular mobile communication system (GSM system), so that European mobile phone users can roam automatically within Europe. GSM The development is very fast, at present, 11 pan-European countries have provided 8 experimental systems and a large number of technical achievements for GSM, and have reached a consensus on the main technical specifications of GSM." After a pause, Edgar Carl said My own opinion, "In my opinion, GSM has a great possibility to replace the first-generation mobile communication technology based on analog technology and become the second-generation mobile communication technology standard!"

While talking, Edgar Carl watched his words and expressions, and finally asked: "Mr. Li, are you planning to let Sprint enter the mobile communication business?"

Li Zetian smiled and nodded: "That's right, there is such a plan. In my opinion, mobile communication is the main way of calling in the future!"

Edgar Carle nodded and said: "I understand, then I will contact the GSM organization later to try to commercialize GSM in the United States as soon as possible!"

Li Zetian neither objected nor agreed, but continued to ask: "Do you know anything about CDMA?"

Edgar Carle frowned slightly, thought for a while, and replied: "CDMA is a spread spectrum multiple access digital communication technology. During World War II, it was widely used in military anti-jamming communications..."

When Li Zetian saw his expression, he knew that he didn't know much about CDMA technology. "Qualcomm should be established this year, right?" Li Zetian thought to himself.

(End of this chapter)