Da Ming started to ascend the throne

Chapter 1015 King of England

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Charles I's older brother died when he was 18, making him Prince of Wales.

He made friends with George Villiers, the Duke of Buckingham, his father's favorite, and went to Madrid with the Duke of Buckingham to seek a Spanish daughter-in-law in order to consolidate Britain's power in Europe.

He was also indeed fascinated by the Spanish princess, but Britain had converted to the Anglican Church at the time, and Spain, which supported Protestantism in the Thirty Years War on the Continent, should be the enemy.

So the Spanish princess disliked him as a heretic and refused to approach him.

After succeeding to the throne in 1625, he married Henrietta Maria, sister of King Louis XIII of France.

Henrietta Maria is also a Catholic. Although she is not as devout as the Spanish princess, her religious beliefs will still be a big problem in the future.

At first he was disappointed with the French lady, especially with the priests and women she had brought from the mainland.

Charles spent the first few years fighting on both fronts in France and Spain, and Parliament refused to grant him war funding because of his distrust of the Duke of Buckingham.

For this reason, he had to take extreme measures: pawning his wife's dowry; forcing borrowing from rich subjects, and imprisoning five knights who refused to borrow; letting soldiers live in private houses for free;

Both Parliaments in 1625 and 1626 expressed distrust of the king and Buckingham.

When Charles convened the Third Parliament in 1628, it was after the defeat of Spain.

The leader of the House of Commons severely criticized the government, disagreed with the royal family's financial methods; complained that it was inappropriate to start war with Spain for the sake of French Protestantism, and opposed the king's attitude towards the Church of England.

For the king, though educated by Calvinists, did not like the liturgy practiced by the Puritans.

The king was accused of promoting the so-called high church faction who believed in free will and not in seeking salvation from fate.

The king is accused of appointing priests who would rather preserve Catholic ritual and customs in the liturgy than long sermons and extemporaneous prayers.

But the House of Commons did not rest on its laurels, and with the assent of the House of Lords, they drew up a petition of rights, condemning forced borrowing, soldiers living in private houses, unwarranted imprisonment of subjects, and various other measures that aroused discontent.

Charlie was forced to accept the petition, but he didn't intend to change anything.

As MPs continue to denounce the King's favored clergyman and plan to prosecute Buckingham.

Charlie finally couldn't take it anymore and announced the adjournment. Of course, Charlie didn't get the appropriation he wanted
In 1628 a fanatic assassinated the Duke of Buckingham.

In August 1629, when the Parliament unanimously passed bills condemning "new inventions" in religion and the illegal imposition of tariffs, the speaker of the House of Commons was held in his seat, and Charles announced the adjournment again.

Charles did not convene Parliament for the next 11 years, and Charles ended the war to save money.

In 1633 Charles, Charles appointed high priest William Lauder as the Archbishop of Canterbury.

And with its assistance, he began to impose on the Church of Scotland the prayer book drafted in London in order to unify the religious activities of the two kingdoms.

Residents in the Scottish Lowlands have been outraged, swearing to uphold the National Pledge embodying allegiance to the Presbyterian Church of Scotland, and publicly rejecting the new prayer book.

Charles flew into a rage and sent troops to Scotland to fulfill his will.But in this first war of bishops Charles was defeated.

In order to ask for money to fight the Second Episcopal War, Charles had to call Parliament again.

But lawmakers have asked to discuss the pent-up complaints before discussing funding.But a few weeks later Charles dissolved Parliament again, this is the "Short Parliament",
Charles sent troops to crusade against Scotland for the second time, and this time it failed completely. The Oath faction occupied the territory of England in Northumberland and Durham, and the king was forced to pay reparations.

In 1640 the king convened another parliament, this time called the "Long Parliament", at which time the king was at the mercy of the parliament.

In the summer of 1641, the king visited Scotland, where he intended to make concessions to his subjects in order to unite them and win their support for the king, but he returned empty-handed.

When he returned to London, he found that nearly half of the members of the House of Commons had turned to support him.

The "Great Protest" that spearheaded complaints against the government also passed by a narrow majority in November.

Under the instigation of the queen, the king planned to arrest the five leading MPs. When he broke into the House of Commons in 5, he found that they had already run away.

In this way the king left London, and the king's party and the parliamentary party also began to prepare for a civil war.

The two sides continued to negotiate for the next seven months, but the king refused to give in on the first two issues and only wanted the two sides to reach a compromise.

At this time, Parliament also demanded the right to appoint government officials and supervise the upbringing of the king's children.

There was no hope of such a peaceful settlement. On August 1642, 8, Charles sacrificed the flag in Nottingham and started the first civil war.

Charles I, against all odds, raised an army from his loyal subjects to fight the parliament.

Commander-in-Chief of this army, Charlie proved himself an excellent tactician on the battlefield, winning several battles.

But he was a poor strategist, always indecisive.

At the height of his power in 1643, he refused to march on London; his army was not entirely at his disposal.

As the war drew to a close, it could not be decided whether to continue fighting in England or join supporters in Scotland.

Finally, when the battle of Nezby failed, he fled from the headquarters in disguise and went to the barracks of Scotland and the Pledge Force.

The Oath faction allied with the English Parliamentary Army, and when Charles refused to promise to establish a Presbyterian church in England, the Oath Sect handed him over to the English Parliament.

In 1647 Charles I fell to the victorious Roundheads led by Thomas Fairfax and Oliver Cromwell.

Both Fairfax and Cromwell were eager to make peace with the king on the basis of a written constitution.

They drew up an "Outline of Proposals" which some of Charlie's advisers also saw as a way to regain authority after the defeat.

But Charlie doesn't think about how to reach an agreement, but sows discord with the enemy.Charles escaped from house arrest at Hampton Court Palace to the Isle of Wight, where he negotiated with his Scottish subjects while negotiating with the Parliamentarians.

At this time, there were real peace factions among the parliamentary faction, and a considerable number of Scottish subjects were unwilling to imprison their king, and were ready to serve the king in exchange for religious concessions.

Charles accepted the king, and the Scottish king's army entered England in 1648. In the same year, many royal parties restricted and blackmailed by the Puritans rearmed.

But Cromwell defeated the Royalists of Scotland, and Fairfax defeated the Royalists.

The queen fled to France to seek aid, but was snubbed by the ruling French Prime Minister Cardinal Mazarin.

Convinced that the king was waging war on the people, the military leaders decided that the king must stand trial.

The House of Commons at this time also purged the pacifists who made peace with Charles on the Isle of Wight.

A high court was erected, and the king was brought to Westminster Hall for trial.

Since Charles I did not recognize the legitimacy of this court from the very beginning, he did not seriously defend his actions.

Fifty-nine of the 135 members of the special court signed the order issued by Cromwell to execute the king.

The charge was betrayal of his country, betrayal of his people.

In January 1649, Charles I walked towards the guillotine calmly with a smile on his face. In order to maintain his dignity as a king, he said calmly:
"Death is not scary to me, thank God I am ready."

He first recited a poem he made, and then he calmly called himself a martyr of the people, walked to the guillotine by himself, and ended his life at the age of 49.

Interestingly, he also asked to wear two shirts, so as not to shiver from the cold and make people think he was scared.The body was secretly buried at Windsor Castle a week later.

This is the historical King Charles I of England, and now the course of history has been changed by the Ming Emperor.

Daming sent troops to help him defeat the rebel army two years ago, and allowed him to live for a few more years. His death method will definitely change.

(End of this chapter)