From Almighty Scholar to Chief Scientist

Chapter 247 Direction: Control Diffraction!
"The host has been optimized according to the ideas given."

The sound of the system sound brought Lin Xiao back to his senses.

[Guidelines for overall mechanical optimization] allows him to select a mechanical instrument and then optimize it as a whole.

At the same time, if he has his own ideas, he can optimize according to the given ideas while realizing the target function.

Of course, this idea must be reliable, and it cannot be unreliable. If it is unreliable, the system will be optimized according to the default method. As for what is the default method, it is not to change the fixed logic, and follow the established mechanical instrument The working logic is optimized.

For example, the working logic of an EUV lithography machine is to use extreme ultraviolet light, reflected by more than a dozen lenses, then pass through a photomask, and finally shine on a silicon wafer evenly coated with photoresist for exposure and etching. , making chips.

And if it is replaced with an X-ray light source, then it is to use X-rays, which do not need to be reflected by more than a dozen lenses, and no longer need a photomask, but only need to pass through a polished crystal to use the X-ray diffraction effect , so as to realize the enlargement and reduction of X-ray.

X-rays can only use direct-writing lithography instead of projection lithography like EUV lithography machine, mainly because there is no lens in the world that can magnify and reduce X-rays, and the penetration of X-rays too strong.

The wavelength of X-rays is lower than 10nm, even lower than 1nm, and this wavelength is extremely small, and like the current lens materials, the gaps between molecules and atoms are large, and they will pass directly through the gaps between atoms, even if It is still unavoidable that some will be absorbed, but the energy of X-ray itself is large enough, so it can pass through directly, so the current lens cannot condense and magnify through reflection.

This is why X-rays can be used to detect the internal conditions of the human body, that is, X-rays directly pass through human clothes, skin, and muscles. The atomic gaps in these structures are large enough to allow X-rays to pass through, and bones contain more Calcium, the density of metal elements is relatively high, and the interatomic gap is relatively small, so X-rays are not easy to penetrate, but are absorbed by metal elements, so the appearance of bones will appear on the CT film.

Of course, X-rays are harmful to the human body, and it is for this reason that when they penetrate the human body, some of the energy will eventually be absorbed by the electrons of the internal atoms, perhaps by some of the electrons in the DNA double helix structure in a certain cell. Base-to-atom absorption, the transition of electrons inside atoms, resulting in changes in base pairs, which in turn leads to DNA mutations, and finally leads to its transformation into cancer cells. Of course, it doesn’t matter if you take a film once or twice, because fewer cancer cells will be absorbed The immune cells are killed, and those who stay for a long time have more cancerous cells in the body, and the immune system cannot keep up, so more and more cancer cells form cancer.

However, X-rays can be reflected internally due to crystal diffraction, and then magnified and reduced, and this method can be used for large-scale lithography.

Of course, this is something that others may find incredible.

The advantages of X-rays in lithography machines are firstly that they have almost no diffraction effect and good collimation, while other lights are easier to diffract, even if there is a slight oxygen molecule floating by, other light rays pass by When, for example, passing through the middle of the two oxygen atoms of the oxygen molecule, the similar situation of single slit diffraction will occur, which will lead to the appearance of diffraction effect, and finally affect the actual lithography pattern.

This is why a vacuum must be maintained inside the lithography machine.

So if it is not that X-rays cannot be reflected by the lens, EUV light or something is not considered at all.

This is why it is said that diffraction is the natural enemy of lithography machines.

But now Lin Xiao's thinking is going in the opposite direction. Instead, he wants to use the diffraction effect to achieve his goal.

Of course, all he has to do is control the diffraction.

Well, now there is a problem.

"If you want to control diffraction, you must know why diffraction occurs! And what is the law of diffraction."

Lin Xiao's eyes flickered slightly.

Today's physicists can only obtain some diffraction laws through experiments, such as single-slit diffraction, double-slit diffraction, circular hole diffraction and so on.

The specific cause of diffraction is not understood, and it is still an unsolved problem in physics.

And this problem involves the diffraction of waves.

Diffraction of waves can be divided into classical waves and light waves. Classical waves are produced by vibrations of particles colliding with each other due to the propagation of energy, and the phenomenon of trajectory deflection will occur due to collisions with obstacles.The diffraction of light waves belongs to the category of quantum mechanics, which cannot be understood by traditional methods, but only by the method of probability and statistics.

To clarify this problem, more and more complex calculations are needed, and more powerful wisdom is also needed.

Because, this problem is directly facing [Bo]!
This physics is full of enigmatic elements.

What exactly is it?
Is it the communication of different dimensions, or the strings plucked by God?
Although Lin Xiao doesn't want to reveal the essence of waves, but just one of the properties of waves, he believes that this is a problem no less than that of multidimensional field theory.

Thinking of this, Lin Xiao suddenly felt full of challenges.

"Well, it seems that in the next period of time, there will be some for me to study."

It is equivalent to saying that he is now going to enter the theoretical research again.

And this is necessary.

Because if he doesn't study this theory, he doesn't know what kind of diffraction is needed to realize the control of X-ray diffraction.

In this way, he does not know which crystal structure is the most suitable. In this way, it means that he has to try his luck, experiment with various crystals, and then try to approach the final goal.

He doesn't like to take chances, so he has to start from the source.

"Well, let's talk about this matter later, let's take a look at what this optimized lithography machine looks like."

Instead of thinking about the diffraction of waves, he focused on optimization schemes.

"Open the optimized guidance plan."

As his order was issued, a brand new lithography machine appeared in his mind.

X-lithography machine.

Its volume is smaller, because it does not have a complicated optical path system, so this part of the structure is saved, and other main structures are still there.

However, there have been some changes in the subtleties inside.

This optimization is an overall optimization. Naturally, each part has been optimized, including the arrangement of parts and the use of space.

These optimizations made Lin Xiao also amazed, especially this optimized structure also has a very important impact on the accuracy.

The more streamlined the process, the smaller the error and the higher the accuracy.

This optimized structure achieves the same effect with almost the least amount of material.

Lin Xiao was very satisfied with this alone.

If such a streamlined structure was shown to Dawson Edinson, he would probably be able to spend [-] million yuan to buy it. After all, the more streamlined the structure, the more convenient the production and the lower the production cost for them. The production cycle is also shorter - which means a lot of money can be made.

Of course, it is impossible to sell to him.

Isn't it delicious to use it by yourself?
Soon, after looking at the entire optimized structure, the next step is to notify everyone in Huaxin League.

He got up and went outside the office.

"Professor Lin!"

When Luo Ming saw him coming out, he immediately shouted.

"Yeah." Lin Xiao nodded and said, "Send a message to everyone in Huaxin League. I need to hold an important meeting."

"The time is set... two weeks later, right here at the research institute, let them arrange for someone who can represent their company to come."

"Ok."

"Ah."

Lin Xiao nodded slightly.

Two weeks should be enough for him to conduct a preliminary study on diffraction.

Now, they are being sanctioned again, and the X-ray machine is undoubtedly a perfect way out.

At that time, he will have greater confidence in convincing these people.

"By the way, do me another favor."

"You say."

"Investigate the current situation of the FBI undercover, Philip Meng's family."

"The undercover agent?" Luo Ming was taken aback.

"Yes." Lin Xiao nodded.

In fact, he still wants to transfer some money to Philip Meng's family every month, but he is worried that the transfer of money from his Huaguo account to his family will be discovered by the FBI, so this matter can only be delayed. Let's talk about this matter in the past.

But Luo Ming was a little puzzled why Lin Xiao did this.

Could it be that the undercover agent has something to do with Lin Xiao?
Luo Ming thought for a while, and was suddenly startled.

At the beginning, Lin Xiao didn't go to accept the Wolf Award, it seems that it was because he was reminded?

Could it be...

The more Luo Ming thought about it, the more he felt it was possible.

Coupled with the fact that Lin Xiao did this, it undoubtedly confirmed its authenticity.

He sighed slightly in his heart.

Although it is an era of peace, there are still many people dying in the corner.

I just hope that they can become stronger and stronger, so that those young people don't dare to move anymore.

Shaking his head, he left the office.

……

a day later.

Dingguang Research Institute, in the physics laboratory.

A few simple physics experiments are going on here. Those who have studied physics in high school will basically watch the teacher demonstrate them.

They are pinhole imaging, single slit diffraction, double slit diffraction, and circular hole diffraction.

The image of the small hole is a candle burning through a small hole, and finally an upside-down candle flame will be formed on the wall.

The single-slit diffraction is similar to the double-slit diffraction. As for the circular hole diffraction and the pinhole imaging, they are both a hole, but the light source of the former uses a flat light source, which is different from the light source of the pinhole imaging. The circular hole diffraction As long as you can do it at home, find a piece of opaque paper like tinfoil, poke a hole in it with a toothpick, and turn on the flashlight of your mobile phone to see the diffraction phenomenon of the circular hole.

Of course, even though the principle of the physical experiments that can be carried out in this laboratory is simple, the posture of preparation is not simple at all.

There are various measuring instruments next to it, such as the detection of light intensity, and the detection of the precise distance of small holes and gaps. The plane used for imaging is actually covered with various sensors, which can Used to detect the wavelength of imaging light.

The wavelength of their light source is known, and in this way, to see if the wavelength of light will change when it is diffracted.

Of course, past experiments have proved that there will be no changes, and doing so is just a guaranteed solution.

The multiplication of wavelength and frequency is equal to the speed of light, so with the wavelength, the frequency can be calculated. As for how to understand that the wavelength multiplied by the frequency is equal to the speed of light, it can be understood as the distance of each step and the steps taken per second when a person walks. The multiplication of the two equals the speed of walking. Of course, this is from a macro perspective, but from a micro perspective, you can write a paper of more than 100 pages.

"Professor Lin, look, what should we do now?"

In the laboratory, several trainee researchers asked.

These intern researchers were recruited as researchers after the institute was formally established. There are quite a few intern researchers in the institute, all newly recruited, and there are about 20 people now.

Of course, there are quite a few formal researchers, and most of them are recruited by Lin Xiao from domestic universities or other research institutes.

After all, for a relatively large research institute like theirs, there must be enough people.

Of course, the people who can join are very good in terms of basic ability. Like these intern researchers, at least they all have a paper published in a top journal in their respective fields, and now they are mainly two laboratories of chemistry and physics. Therefore, these intern researchers must have strong hands-on skills.

As for the current intern researchers, basically they all have a paper in "Physical Review Letters", or "Science" or "Nature".

Of course, although they had many achievements, they still showed great respect when facing Lin Xiao, who was younger than them all by an unknown age.

After all, this is Wolfe's double award winner.

Although Lin Xiao gave up accepting the award, this honor still belongs to him. Even because he gave up accepting the award, this name became more known to the public.

At this time, Lin Xiao was not in a hurry to answer their questions, but was sitting in front of a computer, calculating something with a piece of paper.

【ψ(r)=∮dψ(r，r`)】

"Well, deduce the Huygens-Fresnel diffraction formula from the wave equation."

"There is also the Fraunhofer diffraction model, and the Fresnel diffraction model..."

He raised his eyebrows and used these various diffraction formulas to deduce the diffraction phenomena in front of him.

While looking at the experimental results in front of him, he looked down at his own formula.

When other intern researchers saw Lin Xiao thinking seriously, they all quieted down and did not disturb him, but they all walked over curiously, wanting to see what Lin Xiao was researching.

Well, they all know these formulas and models.

If Lin Xiao deduces it like this, they will also know it.

However, Lin Xiao was staring at these formulas, why?
(End of this chapter)