From Almighty Scholar to Chief Scientist
Chapter 473 The disturbance of the one-way function, the completion of the lithium-sulfur battery
"Well... I should have told them this possibility by the way, so many mathematicians, maybe they can come up with a solution?"
When he was entangled in this unbelievable matter, Lin Xiao couldn't help but came up with this idea again. Although he was powerful enough, but he was not sure about this kind of problem, maybe he could get some results by brainstorming.
But in the end he shook his head, forget it.
After all, this was what the system told him, and it was precisely because the system told him that he had this feeling of half-belief, and it was "half-belief", not "deeply-believing".
He even suspected that the system's words were just to mislead him, but obviously, judging from the system's past performance, the possibility of such a thing was quite low.
However, now he has this kind of thought in his mind. If he tells other mathematicians at that time, other mathematicians may suspect that he is crazy.
After all, he now wonders if he is crazy.
But at this moment, his eyes suddenly lit up, and he asked the system: "System, how many truth points are needed to solve this problem?"
The system replied after a while: "Considering the host's current level of mathematics and physics, answering this question requires 500 truth points."
"My Cao? Five hundred truth points?"
Hearing the price, Lin Xiao was shocked immediately, good guy, this question is so expensive?
He originally thought that he would buy it if it was below 100 truth points, but he didn't expect the price to be so persuasive.
And what the system also said was, consider his current math and physics grades.
He has already passed the eighth level of mathematics and physics, and he still needs 500 truth points, which is a bit outrageous.
"It seems that there are still some more advanced theories hidden."
In the end, he frowned, and thought about what kind of advanced theory it would be. According to the meaning of the system, this also involves physics. Could it be that some more advanced physics theories are needed?
After thinking for a moment, his brows relaxed again.
"Forget it, let's not worry about it for the time being. The research commissioned by Academician Pang has not been completed yet."
Shaking his head, he stopped thinking about it and restarted the original research on the qubit control model.
Of course, he also knew in his heart that this one-way function would probably become a long-term research project for him in the future.
And where the final answer will lead to, he doesn't know, but he thinks it should be a more important node in the truth he is looking for.
……
Time passes quickly.
What happened at this International Congress of Mathematicians also attracted the attention of many people.
After all, although Lin Xiao did not go to participate in this International Conference of Mathematicians, he was able to enjoy such treatment, which made many Chinese netizens feel a kind of honor. What about their chief scientist?
Ever since, netizens discussed this matter on the Internet.
"As expected of Lin Shen, I didn't participate in the International Conference of Mathematicians, but when they closed the ceremony, they specially invited Lin Shen to participate in this way"
"After all, for the International Congress of Mathematicians, Lin Shen is still very important. No previous participation has left traces that can be engraved in the history of mathematics. 』
"Lin Shen: My brother is no longer in the world of mathematics, but there are legends about my brother everywhere in the world of mathematics"
"Who said Lin Shen is no longer in the mathematics world?But don’t forget that Lin Shen only participated in less than ten kinds of conferences, even a closing ceremony, and then solved a Millennium Prize problem, but he is still in the mathematics world』
"Indeed, this is another millennium problem. To be honest, four of the seven millennium problems have been solved by Lin Shen, and now there are two left unsolved. Lin Shen will not plan to give them all. solve it? 』
"Maybe? 』
"By the way, what is the significance of this millennium problem solved by Lin Shen again?" 』
"I'm a person in the banking industry, and I'm in charge of password security. Simply put, people's property will become more secure in the future. Of course, it's not just banking, there are other kinds of passwords that need to be used. In places where hackers want to crack passwords, it will become extremely difficult. In this way, it will also become difficult for hackers to hack into your computer or mobile phone. 』
"My Cao, so powerful? 』
"Of course it's great. We had a meeting today about the one-way function given by Lin Shen. Next, we may try to change all the encryption methods of our internal core system. There are no one-way functions at all that are safer. 』
"This is really great!Banks are safer, better for all of us』
"I thought so too at first, but I looked at my balance, well, whether it's safe or not, it doesn't seem to be something I need to worry about, because the bank can't control my balance, and my balance is 0"
"My heart is pierced, old iron, it's about the pain point"
"..."
As this netizen in the banking industry said, the emergence of one-way functions has attracted the attention of related industries.
Passwords are closely related to humans living in the information age. For the vast majority of ordinary people, a password may be just an ordinary string of numbers or a string of uppercase and lowercase letters, but in fact, it determines Harmony of the world.
So an encryption method that is difficult to crack can better consolidate this harmony.
That's why Lin Xiao's one-way function has such a meaning.
In fact, the current hash function used in login passwords such as various software is an encryption method that uses the principle of one-way function. Of course, this encryption method is inferior to one-way function in terms of reversibility. It is relatively easy to say.
Just like the birthday paradox mentioned by Lin Xiao, the birthday attack developed according to the birthday paradox can have a greater impact on the security of hash function encryption. Although the birthday paradox cannot be cracked, the It will still have some impact.
Once the one-way function is used to encrypt, then this situation can be completely avoided. Basically, only those who have really mastered the plaintext of the password can use it.
Ever since, major manufacturers have begun to try to use this one-way function to encrypt their core data.
Of course, due to the extremely difficult reversibility of the one-way function, it is actually not very suitable for encryption, so for these manufacturers, or banks and government departments, basically just use this one-way function To protect some of the most core data, through this method, they can better protect their core data, even some top-secret data that should never be known by anyone.
Therefore, for some people with such special needs, when they encrypt, they will even forget the password specifically, so that no one will want to know it in vain.
……
Of course, although Lin Xiao can guess this situation, but now he doesn't have the heart to pay attention to these things.
Because of the reminder from the system, he would focus on this issue for a long time, but in the end he adjusted his mentality and seriously studied the issue of quantum computers.
In this way, finally at the end of October.
"Huh! It's finally figured out."
Looking at the final model, Lin Xiao breathed a sigh of relief. In the end, he completed such a mathematical model that can control the qubits in the quantum computer according to the form of P=NP.
Although he has found a one-way function to falsify that P is not equal to NP, the original proof requirement of the original problem of P=NP means that P is equal to NP in all cases, so at this time, it is only necessary to find a counterexample. This can be falsified, but there are also some special cases where P=NP, and now he has found this special case to solve the problem.
All in all, there is basically no problem with this model, but for now, he can't fully guarantee that this model will work. Next, he needs to see how it is actually used.
Thinking of this, he took out his mobile phone and called Pang Wei.
"Academician Pang, I have completed a model of the matter you entrusted to me. I will bring the model to your place tomorrow. Can you take a look?"
Immediately, Pang Wei's surprised voice came from the opposite side: "Chief Lin, have you figured it out?"
"Well, basically, we'll have to see how it works on your quantum computer."
Lin Xiao couldn't help but sigh with emotion: "But having said that, the matter you entrusted to me, Academician Pang, is really difficult. It took me so many months."
Hearing Lin Xiao's emotion, Pang Wei on the opposite side was silent for a moment, and then said with a dry smile: "Hehe, Chief Lin, you really know how to joke."
"Why is this a joke? I'm not joking." Lin Xiao said.
"Uh... alright, alright, Chief Lin, let's talk about whether this is difficult or not later." Pang Wei quickly changed the topic.
It took a few months to solve this complicated problem, and now you come to tell him that this problem is difficult?
Forgive him for thinking that Lin Xiao came here to show off to him at first. If he hadn't suddenly thought of Lin Xiao's tough record, he might have hung up the phone directly to avoid being hit.
Then he returned to the topic: "It's like this, that is, we are building a new quantum computer recently, and this new quantum computer will use a new chip, and especially this new chip will also use A brand-new chip architecture made in China."
Lin Xiao was taken aback, "A brand-new domestic structure?"
"Wouldn't it be the chief architect?"
"Eh? Did you know that too?" Pang Wei was taken aback for a moment, and then suddenly remembered: "No way, this structure is called the chief structure, so could it have something to do with you? But I remember that its founder is not the same as you A young man of the same age?"
Lin Xiao just laughed, and then said: "You are talking about Kong Huaan, right? He and I are good friends."
"It turns out that's the case." Pang Wei couldn't help saying with emotion: "No wonder it's said that geniuses always appear together. This sentence is quite correct."
Lin Xiao smiled, and then said: "Academician Pang is also a genius. He said so when I was chatting with Mr. Yang before."
Pang Wei smiled, "It's all because of Mr. Yang's absurd praise."
Speaking of this, Pang Wei said with nostalgia: "I still remember one time, when I happened to sit in the elevator with Mr. Yang, Mr. Yang asked me which unit I belonged to, and I said University of Science and Technology."
"Then Mr. Yang said, 'There is a guy named Pang Wei in your school who does a good job', and I laughed at that time."
"Oh? This kind of thing happened before." Lin Xiao couldn't help laughing.
"Well." Pang Wei said with a smile: "Okay, then I won't say much, our new quantum computer will probably take a while to build, maybe a month, and I will contact you again at that time."
"it is good."
Lin Xiao replied, and then hung up the phone.
In the next month, Lin Xiao continued to optimize his model, and at the same time, he did not forget that there is still a research on lithium-sulfur batteries.
Regarding the research on solid electrolytes for lithium-sulfur batteries, the progress is slower than that of proton batteries, and this has something to do with the difficulty of research on solid electrolytes. My mind is on the qubit control model and that strange one-way function.
And now, he finally has time to focus more on lithium-sulfur batteries.
In this way, about half a month later.
"nailed it!"
in the laboratory.
They looked at the battery reactor that had been set up.
In the middle is a solid object, and this solid object is naturally a solid electrolyte, which is a modified lithium iodide. By doping with some other special substances, it has the characteristics of a solid electrolyte, or a fast ion. Conductor properties.
That is to say, it has an ionic conductivity comparable to that of a liquid electrolyte and a low activation energy for ionic conductance.
The biggest problem with a solid electrolyte is whether the flow of ions inside it can be as smooth as in the electrolyte. After solving this problem, it has the ability to become a solid electrolyte, and then it needs to solve some of the shortcomings of a compound. That's it.
Of course, in addition to this solid, there are two solid rods next to it, one is the metal lithium rod. Of course, the metal lithium rod must not be in direct contact with the air, because the moisture contained in the air, when in contact with metal lithium Violent reactions can occur which are dangerous.
In addition to metal lithium, it is sulfur carbon rods.
Since the sulfur element will have a certain impact on the battery during the reaction process of the lithium-sulfur battery, Lin Xiao specially developed such a sulfur carbon rod to avoid the influence of the sulfur element in the reaction.
In this way, various shortcomings of lithium-sulfur batteries have been resolved.
"Then, it's time to witness the miracle!"
Kang Chengning and the others all had excitement on their faces, and then started the experiment.
The external circuit is connected, the reaction begins, and the current and voltage are quickly detected on the ammeter.
Of course, this is not over yet, and then they need to observe the discharge process for several hours and test its various data.
And so, as time passed, hours later.
"It has been detected! The energy density is 2200 Wh/kg!" Ma Bin shouted excitedly.
"2200 Wh? Beautiful!"
Others also cheered up.
Although the theoretical energy density of lithium-sulfur batteries is 2600 watt-hours per kilogram, it is also said to be theoretical energy density after all.
Just like in the development of lithium-ion batteries, the energy density can be continuously improved because it has not yet reached the theoretical energy density. In this process, various battery components, binders and other substances will affect the energy density. to its actual energy density.
So the data they calculated now is 2200 watt-hours per kilogram. Of course, if it is further made into a commercially available battery, the loss will be even more. In the end, half of 2600 watt-hours per kilogram is considered good. up.
"However, it is enough to be able to maintain more than 1000 watt-hours per kilogram."
Lin Xiao on the side also showed a satisfied smile.
Compared with proton batteries, the energy of lithium-sulfur batteries is obviously lower, but the key problem is that proton batteries need colloidal electrolytes, proton exchange membranes, and new hydrogen storage materials, and the cost is inherently high, so they are relatively more suitable for use. On electric vehicles and some large facilities.
The cost of lithium-sulfur batteries is relatively low. Of course, the energy density is relatively low. However, it can be used in mobile devices such as mobile phones, so the profit will not be too small.
"Then, when we see BYD and Ningde era, how will we choose?"
……
When he was entangled in this unbelievable matter, Lin Xiao couldn't help but came up with this idea again. Although he was powerful enough, but he was not sure about this kind of problem, maybe he could get some results by brainstorming.
But in the end he shook his head, forget it.
After all, this was what the system told him, and it was precisely because the system told him that he had this feeling of half-belief, and it was "half-belief", not "deeply-believing".
He even suspected that the system's words were just to mislead him, but obviously, judging from the system's past performance, the possibility of such a thing was quite low.
However, now he has this kind of thought in his mind. If he tells other mathematicians at that time, other mathematicians may suspect that he is crazy.
After all, he now wonders if he is crazy.
But at this moment, his eyes suddenly lit up, and he asked the system: "System, how many truth points are needed to solve this problem?"
The system replied after a while: "Considering the host's current level of mathematics and physics, answering this question requires 500 truth points."
"My Cao? Five hundred truth points?"
Hearing the price, Lin Xiao was shocked immediately, good guy, this question is so expensive?
He originally thought that he would buy it if it was below 100 truth points, but he didn't expect the price to be so persuasive.
And what the system also said was, consider his current math and physics grades.
He has already passed the eighth level of mathematics and physics, and he still needs 500 truth points, which is a bit outrageous.
"It seems that there are still some more advanced theories hidden."
In the end, he frowned, and thought about what kind of advanced theory it would be. According to the meaning of the system, this also involves physics. Could it be that some more advanced physics theories are needed?
After thinking for a moment, his brows relaxed again.
"Forget it, let's not worry about it for the time being. The research commissioned by Academician Pang has not been completed yet."
Shaking his head, he stopped thinking about it and restarted the original research on the qubit control model.
Of course, he also knew in his heart that this one-way function would probably become a long-term research project for him in the future.
And where the final answer will lead to, he doesn't know, but he thinks it should be a more important node in the truth he is looking for.
……
Time passes quickly.
What happened at this International Congress of Mathematicians also attracted the attention of many people.
After all, although Lin Xiao did not go to participate in this International Conference of Mathematicians, he was able to enjoy such treatment, which made many Chinese netizens feel a kind of honor. What about their chief scientist?
Ever since, netizens discussed this matter on the Internet.
"As expected of Lin Shen, I didn't participate in the International Conference of Mathematicians, but when they closed the ceremony, they specially invited Lin Shen to participate in this way"
"After all, for the International Congress of Mathematicians, Lin Shen is still very important. No previous participation has left traces that can be engraved in the history of mathematics. 』
"Lin Shen: My brother is no longer in the world of mathematics, but there are legends about my brother everywhere in the world of mathematics"
"Who said Lin Shen is no longer in the mathematics world?But don’t forget that Lin Shen only participated in less than ten kinds of conferences, even a closing ceremony, and then solved a Millennium Prize problem, but he is still in the mathematics world』
"Indeed, this is another millennium problem. To be honest, four of the seven millennium problems have been solved by Lin Shen, and now there are two left unsolved. Lin Shen will not plan to give them all. solve it? 』
"Maybe? 』
"By the way, what is the significance of this millennium problem solved by Lin Shen again?" 』
"I'm a person in the banking industry, and I'm in charge of password security. Simply put, people's property will become more secure in the future. Of course, it's not just banking, there are other kinds of passwords that need to be used. In places where hackers want to crack passwords, it will become extremely difficult. In this way, it will also become difficult for hackers to hack into your computer or mobile phone. 』
"My Cao, so powerful? 』
"Of course it's great. We had a meeting today about the one-way function given by Lin Shen. Next, we may try to change all the encryption methods of our internal core system. There are no one-way functions at all that are safer. 』
"This is really great!Banks are safer, better for all of us』
"I thought so too at first, but I looked at my balance, well, whether it's safe or not, it doesn't seem to be something I need to worry about, because the bank can't control my balance, and my balance is 0"
"My heart is pierced, old iron, it's about the pain point"
"..."
As this netizen in the banking industry said, the emergence of one-way functions has attracted the attention of related industries.
Passwords are closely related to humans living in the information age. For the vast majority of ordinary people, a password may be just an ordinary string of numbers or a string of uppercase and lowercase letters, but in fact, it determines Harmony of the world.
So an encryption method that is difficult to crack can better consolidate this harmony.
That's why Lin Xiao's one-way function has such a meaning.
In fact, the current hash function used in login passwords such as various software is an encryption method that uses the principle of one-way function. Of course, this encryption method is inferior to one-way function in terms of reversibility. It is relatively easy to say.
Just like the birthday paradox mentioned by Lin Xiao, the birthday attack developed according to the birthday paradox can have a greater impact on the security of hash function encryption. Although the birthday paradox cannot be cracked, the It will still have some impact.
Once the one-way function is used to encrypt, then this situation can be completely avoided. Basically, only those who have really mastered the plaintext of the password can use it.
Ever since, major manufacturers have begun to try to use this one-way function to encrypt their core data.
Of course, due to the extremely difficult reversibility of the one-way function, it is actually not very suitable for encryption, so for these manufacturers, or banks and government departments, basically just use this one-way function To protect some of the most core data, through this method, they can better protect their core data, even some top-secret data that should never be known by anyone.
Therefore, for some people with such special needs, when they encrypt, they will even forget the password specifically, so that no one will want to know it in vain.
……
Of course, although Lin Xiao can guess this situation, but now he doesn't have the heart to pay attention to these things.
Because of the reminder from the system, he would focus on this issue for a long time, but in the end he adjusted his mentality and seriously studied the issue of quantum computers.
In this way, finally at the end of October.
"Huh! It's finally figured out."
Looking at the final model, Lin Xiao breathed a sigh of relief. In the end, he completed such a mathematical model that can control the qubits in the quantum computer according to the form of P=NP.
Although he has found a one-way function to falsify that P is not equal to NP, the original proof requirement of the original problem of P=NP means that P is equal to NP in all cases, so at this time, it is only necessary to find a counterexample. This can be falsified, but there are also some special cases where P=NP, and now he has found this special case to solve the problem.
All in all, there is basically no problem with this model, but for now, he can't fully guarantee that this model will work. Next, he needs to see how it is actually used.
Thinking of this, he took out his mobile phone and called Pang Wei.
"Academician Pang, I have completed a model of the matter you entrusted to me. I will bring the model to your place tomorrow. Can you take a look?"
Immediately, Pang Wei's surprised voice came from the opposite side: "Chief Lin, have you figured it out?"
"Well, basically, we'll have to see how it works on your quantum computer."
Lin Xiao couldn't help but sigh with emotion: "But having said that, the matter you entrusted to me, Academician Pang, is really difficult. It took me so many months."
Hearing Lin Xiao's emotion, Pang Wei on the opposite side was silent for a moment, and then said with a dry smile: "Hehe, Chief Lin, you really know how to joke."
"Why is this a joke? I'm not joking." Lin Xiao said.
"Uh... alright, alright, Chief Lin, let's talk about whether this is difficult or not later." Pang Wei quickly changed the topic.
It took a few months to solve this complicated problem, and now you come to tell him that this problem is difficult?
Forgive him for thinking that Lin Xiao came here to show off to him at first. If he hadn't suddenly thought of Lin Xiao's tough record, he might have hung up the phone directly to avoid being hit.
Then he returned to the topic: "It's like this, that is, we are building a new quantum computer recently, and this new quantum computer will use a new chip, and especially this new chip will also use A brand-new chip architecture made in China."
Lin Xiao was taken aback, "A brand-new domestic structure?"
"Wouldn't it be the chief architect?"
"Eh? Did you know that too?" Pang Wei was taken aback for a moment, and then suddenly remembered: "No way, this structure is called the chief structure, so could it have something to do with you? But I remember that its founder is not the same as you A young man of the same age?"
Lin Xiao just laughed, and then said: "You are talking about Kong Huaan, right? He and I are good friends."
"It turns out that's the case." Pang Wei couldn't help saying with emotion: "No wonder it's said that geniuses always appear together. This sentence is quite correct."
Lin Xiao smiled, and then said: "Academician Pang is also a genius. He said so when I was chatting with Mr. Yang before."
Pang Wei smiled, "It's all because of Mr. Yang's absurd praise."
Speaking of this, Pang Wei said with nostalgia: "I still remember one time, when I happened to sit in the elevator with Mr. Yang, Mr. Yang asked me which unit I belonged to, and I said University of Science and Technology."
"Then Mr. Yang said, 'There is a guy named Pang Wei in your school who does a good job', and I laughed at that time."
"Oh? This kind of thing happened before." Lin Xiao couldn't help laughing.
"Well." Pang Wei said with a smile: "Okay, then I won't say much, our new quantum computer will probably take a while to build, maybe a month, and I will contact you again at that time."
"it is good."
Lin Xiao replied, and then hung up the phone.
In the next month, Lin Xiao continued to optimize his model, and at the same time, he did not forget that there is still a research on lithium-sulfur batteries.
Regarding the research on solid electrolytes for lithium-sulfur batteries, the progress is slower than that of proton batteries, and this has something to do with the difficulty of research on solid electrolytes. My mind is on the qubit control model and that strange one-way function.
And now, he finally has time to focus more on lithium-sulfur batteries.
In this way, about half a month later.
"nailed it!"
in the laboratory.
They looked at the battery reactor that had been set up.
In the middle is a solid object, and this solid object is naturally a solid electrolyte, which is a modified lithium iodide. By doping with some other special substances, it has the characteristics of a solid electrolyte, or a fast ion. Conductor properties.
That is to say, it has an ionic conductivity comparable to that of a liquid electrolyte and a low activation energy for ionic conductance.
The biggest problem with a solid electrolyte is whether the flow of ions inside it can be as smooth as in the electrolyte. After solving this problem, it has the ability to become a solid electrolyte, and then it needs to solve some of the shortcomings of a compound. That's it.
Of course, in addition to this solid, there are two solid rods next to it, one is the metal lithium rod. Of course, the metal lithium rod must not be in direct contact with the air, because the moisture contained in the air, when in contact with metal lithium Violent reactions can occur which are dangerous.
In addition to metal lithium, it is sulfur carbon rods.
Since the sulfur element will have a certain impact on the battery during the reaction process of the lithium-sulfur battery, Lin Xiao specially developed such a sulfur carbon rod to avoid the influence of the sulfur element in the reaction.
In this way, various shortcomings of lithium-sulfur batteries have been resolved.
"Then, it's time to witness the miracle!"
Kang Chengning and the others all had excitement on their faces, and then started the experiment.
The external circuit is connected, the reaction begins, and the current and voltage are quickly detected on the ammeter.
Of course, this is not over yet, and then they need to observe the discharge process for several hours and test its various data.
And so, as time passed, hours later.
"It has been detected! The energy density is 2200 Wh/kg!" Ma Bin shouted excitedly.
"2200 Wh? Beautiful!"
Others also cheered up.
Although the theoretical energy density of lithium-sulfur batteries is 2600 watt-hours per kilogram, it is also said to be theoretical energy density after all.
Just like in the development of lithium-ion batteries, the energy density can be continuously improved because it has not yet reached the theoretical energy density. In this process, various battery components, binders and other substances will affect the energy density. to its actual energy density.
So the data they calculated now is 2200 watt-hours per kilogram. Of course, if it is further made into a commercially available battery, the loss will be even more. In the end, half of 2600 watt-hours per kilogram is considered good. up.
"However, it is enough to be able to maintain more than 1000 watt-hours per kilogram."
Lin Xiao on the side also showed a satisfied smile.
Compared with proton batteries, the energy of lithium-sulfur batteries is obviously lower, but the key problem is that proton batteries need colloidal electrolytes, proton exchange membranes, and new hydrogen storage materials, and the cost is inherently high, so they are relatively more suitable for use. On electric vehicles and some large facilities.
The cost of lithium-sulfur batteries is relatively low. Of course, the energy density is relatively low. However, it can be used in mobile devices such as mobile phones, so the profit will not be too small.
"Then, when we see BYD and Ningde era, how will we choose?"
……
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