History of Human Space Exploitation

Chapter 11 Preparation
During the two years between the destruction of the asteroid in 2381 and the discovery of the Zero Star Tunnel in 2383, it has made great impact and promotion on sociology and physics.These influences and promotions were concentrated in a huge number of related papers and research results in the ensuing century.

Although the conjectures about dark matter and dark energy were proposed by scientist Kaptan as early as the beginning of the 21th century, and the existence of the two was confirmed in later theoretical models and predictions.However, due to the lack of observation means, several observation and research projects in the 2973161th to [-]st centuries did not make a leap forward in this field in practice. The star tunnel formed after the destruction of the asteroid [-] has made a new breakthrough in the research of dark matter and dark energy, making it the most cutting-edge research direction of physics in the following hundreds of years.

On the one hand, the formation of the star tunnel itself, according to the research results and subsequent simulations and experiments, is due to the energy generated by the massive nuclear fusion explosion, which has reached the energy level required for mutual conversion and annihilation of dark energy in space. critical point.After the critical point is reached, in the tiny region of the explosion point, part of the dark matter and dark energy that form the main structure of the universe undergo structural recombination.The recombined matter and energy, in the inertial system space formed by the mass of ordinary matter, form a void composed and maintained by dark matter and dark energy, which is hollowed out into a general vacuum, through which ordinary matter and energy can pass.

The scale of the void, that is, the diameter and length are proportional to the strength of the positive energy, but the formation and connection of the void in the pattern of two general material spaces does not obey the ordinary rules of mass and curvature.Until the publication of "The History of Human Universe Development", human beings still do not have enough theoretical models to predict the destination galaxy of every star tunnel created.In current practice, when a fusion energy device is used to detonate a gaseous planet with a mass of 30 to [-] times that of Neptune, the formed star tunnel can generally connect to galaxies [-] million to [-] light-years away from the detonation point .

The stability of the Star Tunnel also allows people to safely center around it to carry out related universe exploration research.Many observational data show that, because dark matter and dark energy have more stable physical properties than ordinary matter and ordinary energy, it is difficult for phenomena such as star tunnels to form even under the violent fusion reaction conditions inside the sun.

The reason is that in the interior of the sun, unless it enters the late stage of helium nuclear or carbon nuclear fusion, it can only form when a certain mass-energy critical point is reached.After the star tunnel is formed, unless it experiences the impact of gravitational waves above the level of supernova explosion or binary neutron star merger, its natural energy and material half-life is 5000 billion years.

The discovery of the star tunnel phenomenon allows human beings to sow themselves into a wider cosmic space under the limitation of the physical barrier of the speed of light.It seems that this primate group belonging to the chordate phylum is born with a complex emotion of fear and hunger for the unknown.

In the 24th century, there are still many objections to the plan of using star tunnels to migrate to the entire universe: for example, if a star tunnel leads directly to a neutron star or pulsar, or even near a gamma ray burst in the active period, although the mysterious nature of the star tunnel It shows that the gravitational force cannot be transmitted through this, so that people don't need to worry about connecting to the black hole, and the life in the solar system still faces the fate of being instantly destroyed by the powerful cosmic radiation flow.

In addition, in the study of the discrete dark matter in Star Tunnel Zero, scientists discovered a phenomenon: all dark matter captured so far, their dark tachyon spins are all perpendicular to the same plane, this phenomenon shows that, with a certain plane A three-dimensional cosmic coordinate system based on can be established.This will make the positioning in the future navigation process no longer depend on the previous coordinate system in this universe which itself is expanding and spinning at an accelerated rate.

In the past, when human beings were still bound on the earth, there were seven coordinate systems including plane coordinate system, space rectangular coordinate system, spherical coordinate system, horizon coordinate system, equatorial coordinate system, ecliptic coordinate system and galactic coordinate system.These must rely on the inertial coordinate system that is known to be not absolutely static, and cannot be separated from the problem of constructing an overall coordinate system starting from the human being or the space in which human beings live.

However, in the new coordinate system based on the dark tachyon spin, it can well avoid the problem that a certain object is actually doing complex and high-speed relative motion in a wider reference system.For example, even under the most generalized galactic coordinate system in the past and the positioning system based on the positions of several quasars, it is still unavoidable to consider whether the Milky Way itself is in a galaxy cluster, or a larger-scale supercluster of galaxies, or whether it is The supercluster itself, or those quasars themselves are still moving in a certain larger gravitational well, and the problem of positioning among several larger scales arises.

This is why until today, when human beings have traveled all over the Virgo supercluster, they have not followed the historical inertia to use the "local galaxy cluster coordinate system" and the "Virgo supercluster three-dimensional coordinate system" to define the universe. The reason for the scale coordinates.

These problems, if human beings only live in the solar system, will not become problems that bother most people, and may only become small problems that only increase the workload of a few astronomers to the computer.And if the human activity space, as it is now, has covered almost the entire Virgo supercluster of galaxies, the problem of such a coordinate system becomes closely related to all the human activities in the space of galaxies.

Taking this as an opportunity, the International Astronautical Federation formulated a coordinate system applicable to the entire observable universe, that is, the [-]-digit ternary positioning system that is still in use today, referred to as the Universal Coordinate System for short.At the same time, the United Nations accepted the suggestion of the International Astronautical Federation, and the time when the first manned spacecraft passed through the Nova Tunnel and arrived at the new galaxy in the future shall be regarded as the "first year of the universe" and start a new era.In the future, when all human beings develop a new world, human beings will use the timekeeping standard of the Earth-Moon-Sun system and the current measurement system of the solar system to communicate.

Because the spin of dark tachyons does not have the problem of setting the inertial system in the past, but they themselves are in a constant state, and they do not expand and contract.On the basis of this observation, scientists suggested the International Astronautical Federation, and established the universal coordinate system of the universe that has been used to this day, and it is still in use today.

In this system, at 2399:31:000000000000000:000000000000000:000000000000000:23:26 on December 21, [-], the absolute position of the center of the earth in the entire dark fast subsystem is set as [[-]] [[-]] of the entire new coordinate system [[-]] point.And take the extension line of the connection between the earth and the sun at this moment, that is, the ecliptic plane as the horizontal axis plane, and at the same time take the intersection point of the ecliptic plane and the center of the earth, and use the earth axis to correct [-]°[-]'[-], and at the same time be perpendicular to the ecliptic plane The side connecting the earth and the sun is used as the vertical axis plane.Since then, all newly discovered galaxies or planets have unified this coordinate system to mark their positions in the cosmic space.

Compared with opening a new star tunnel at the bet of all mankind in the solar system, the plan to obtain a new star tunnel at the cost of blowing up Neptune has only received uncommon moral and ethical criticism.

The "Forest" project is inspired by a plot in a sci-fi masterpiece in the early 21st century: a leader who is committed to protecting the earth and human beings tries to deter the earth by accelerating the fusion and expansion of the sun when Mercury falls to the sun. And stop the Proxima Centauri invaders who are trying to spy on the earth.The Forest Project hopes to use a G-class nuclear weapon, that is, a nuclear weapon that is five or five orders of magnitude or 5 times larger than the M-class nuclear weapon that blows up the asteroid, directly detonated inside the atmosphere of Neptune, and forms a diameter of no less than 300. M star tunnel.

Based on the foundation and experience of the epilogue plan, the forest plan will take about 50 years from resource collection to implementation. During these 50 years, technologies related to future interstellar development will also be developed and applied. At the same time, there will be future development Interstellar society must face and practice related sociology, economics and politics.

On the eve of the beginning of human beings stepping out of the solar system, some people raised some questions: Can the history of human beings in the past 5000 years, plus the history of nearly [-] years with legends and myths, bring benefits to human beings in exploring unknown galaxies in the future?One of the questions is, under the conditions of human beings' continuous development of communication and transportation technology, and a political model with the least internal friction to a certain extent, what is the upper limit of the territory that humans can stably control?In the long-term discussion, several variables seem to be important, and they are:
1. Communication efficiency: within a certain period of time, the amount and the farthest distance that information can be transmitted.Before humans entered the industrial age, this amount was only several times behind the transportation efficiency.For example, before the invention of the telegraph, apart from the low stability and reliability of flying pigeons, the most efficient information transmission method for human beings was the post system, and the transmission rate of the most efficient military post system recorded was only Hour ten 5000 meters up and down.

After the industrial age and the information age, the speed of human information transmission reaches the speed of light, and at the same time, it is limited to the speed of light within the framework of the physical properties of the universe.Even after human beings can live stably on various planets and space stations in the solar system for a long time, the transmission efficiency of 10 billion kilometers per hour, which is more than 6000 million times faster than that of the station era, still makes the information transmission in the galaxy still separated by several hours.

The effective rule of the ancient regime before the industrial age was severely restricted by the speed of information transmission. Although there was Hulagu, the commander of the Western Expedition on the front line in the northern part of Palestine, more than 1259 kilometers away, he learned that the Mongolian Great Khan Mengge was born on August 8. News of his death in Diaoyu City on 11th.However, such a major military information transmission method cannot be used for daily official document transmission and government order transmission.Therefore, the loose alliance empire of the Mongol Empire lacking a substantial central government order system cannot be used as a model of the upper limit of territorial dominance before the industrial age of mankind.Similarly, the British Empire, which set up a governor to exercise central power to reduce the inefficient transmission of information from London to all colonies two or three hundred years later, is only on par with the Mongol Empire.

After the invention of the Wells information flow, the communication efficiency of human beings in the entire supergalactic cluster has almost returned to the efficiency of human beings on the earth, the telecommunication era.The increased speed of information dissemination itself improves overall administrative efficiency and notification effectiveness.However, based on the experience of human development in the past thousands of years, hundreds of years before the publication of "The History of Pioneering", many theorists had already considered the situation in the more distant future.If human beings can use a certain method to break through the limitation of the scale of super galaxy clusters and fly to a wider universe, will they fall into many difficulties caused by blocked information transmission again?

2. Transportation efficiency: within a certain period of time, the furthest distance that the military and supplies can be effectively deployed for strategic purposes, and the upper limit of the area that military forces can control will always be greater than the upper limit of the general effective administrative area.When human beings spread to every corner of the universe through the Star Tunnel, news of a rebellion in a border area or natural disasters such as being hit by an asteroid will be transmitted to the nearest decision-making agency that can formulate a follow-up action plan, because of the vast territory and the speed of light. Limits are stretched to days or even months.In this case, the time lag brought about by transportation efficiency will superimpose with the lag of information transmission, resulting in the loss of control of governance at the far border.

Taking the solar system from the 21st century to the 24th century as an example, the upper limit of communication efficiency is limited to the speed of light of 30 kilometers per second, and the fastest quantum radiation engine at that time can only be accelerated to nearly 20 kilometers with the help of a limited gravitational slingshot. Meters per second, which is one ten-thousandth of the speed of light.A serious space station accident on Europa during the Great Recession raised concerns about this rate of response.When Earth and Mars received the distress messages, the biomonitors still showed the seven stationed astronauts having higher than usual adrenaline levels due to efforts to remedial activities.But even if the relevant personnel completed the preparations immediately and sent a rescue team from the asteroid belt, they could only clean up the bodies and debris in the orbit of Europa [-] days later.

What's more, sending a rescue team was an extravagant hope under the declining human economy at that time, so all aerospace workers could only silently pay tribute to the seven unyielding warriors at that time.Apart from mourning, we can only hope that their descendants and successors must retrieve their remains at some point in the future.

3. Effective reaction time: Under the framework of the average daily information processing capacity and population of human beings, the time required for an independent society or an independent planet, a government order or a rebellious idea to be transmitted from the ruling upper class to 60.00% of the entire society.This indicator has a huge correlation with the average education level, social cohesion, sociocultural unity, and industrial information level of a planet and society.The higher the above-mentioned indicators, the less difficult it is for a planet and society to form a unified goal, and the less time it takes.

Even within the scale of supergalactic clusters, the speed of information transmission between stars has actually reached real-time with the support of Wells information flow, but because of the limitations of human beings’ biological and physical response and feedback efficiency.The effective reaction time is still a difficult node that limits the overall information transmission efficiency in terms of the overall transmission time.

Although the use and popularization of implantable technological means such as biochips has been used and popularized for nearly 2000 years, these have only solved the problem of the information itself being transmitted to each individual.These methods did not solve deeper problems, and the efficiency of feedback and response among individuals still has not been greatly improved compared with the era of post stations.

4. Average response time: the maximum administrative boundary where the communication efficiency and transportation efficiency reach the limit, and the maximum population response time of half of the population to the information.This metric is usually associated with effective reaction time, if the average reaction time under certain technical conditions is much higher than the effective reaction time of a border planet, then the chance of independence and rebellion of the border planet will increase exponentially.Correspondingly, the possibility of timely rescue of natural disasters on the planet is reduced exponentially.

Under the above quantitative constraints, the maximum territory that can be controlled by human beings can be calculated under the conditions of integrating resources and achieving the maximum social function.This calculation represents only statistical mathematical results demonstrated by past experience.If some inhabited planets are outside the maximum effective territory of human beings, it does not mean that the planets cannot be inhabited due to sufficient assistance.And this means that, because the planet fails to effectively acquire the boundary efficiency of the entire human being, the production capacity or the material diversity may be insufficient, and the result may be the overall decline of the social efficiency.

After the Great Recession, human society adopts a distributed unified budget plan to produce an economic governance system. This system can still maintain considerable effectiveness in the solar system, a small galaxy where the communication efficiency is within 3 hours and the transportation efficiency in the farthest region is within a year.And when the communication efficiency is measured in days, and the transportation efficiency is measured in months, perhaps the rebellion and separation of an important frontier industrial planet will have a considerable impact on the main human society.

Use another example to illustrate this theory: in the 5th century AD, Clovis established the Merovingian dynasty of the Frankish Kingdom, and established the initial enfeoffment and lord-knight system.From the perspective of the East, which is dominated by China, the earliest enfeoffment system appeared after King Wu conquered Zhou and established the Western Zhou Dynasty. From a historical perspective, China and the West are indeed very different in this regard.In short, the means of governance in any period cannot be separated from the technological level of that historical stage.

Before the telegraph was put into large-scale application in the [-]th century, in the ancient times when horse racing was the speed of information and military delivery, feudal polycentric city-states were chosen, and Wubao was the administrative system.From this point of view, the formation of the traditional central local political form of China's centralization and county system should be more credited to the feats of Qin Shihuang and the pre-Qin Legalists in sweeping Liuhe, all the way to Emperor Wenjing Wu, these few people who are inside the law and outside the way inherited.Confucianism, on the other hand, appeared more as a means to maintain the overall rule in the later period. After all, under the practice of the "tyrannical Qin Dynasty", although a pure power or military system can maintain a country with such a territory in the short term, it will take a huge amount of money to do so in the long run. human and economic costs.

Even the way Confucianism participates in politics is constantly changing.From the initial creation in the pre-Qin era of contention among a hundred schools of thought, to the official ideology in the Han Dynasty and then developed into a knowledgeable family, and then became a family politics like the "king horse" like the Jin Dynasty, and then after the wars in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, it was destroyed by the imperial examinations in the Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties. Form is once again a political force.From a technical point of view, this is indeed a relatively low-cost method obtained through long-term practice to maintain a centralized empire of prefectures and counties like China under the circumstances of inefficient communication and military deployment in ancient times, and even political statistics.

After entering the late nineteenth century, if we look back at the late Qing Dynasty when telegraphs began to be used, the several foreign wars or wars of independence won by China or the Confucian cultural circle in a broad sense in the twentieth century all reflect this political system. Institutional superiority under modern conditions of communications and military deployment.

If we say that modern democracy and republic are born out of the political and military power of ancient Western Europe to some extent, the compromise under the law of the jungle among the city-states and the apparent equality of rights, then I think this form of increasing internal friction in a larger area will eventually Abandoned by the times under the advancement of technology.It was like this in China during the Warring States Period, it was like this during the splitting period of China for thousands of years, it is like this in Europe in bulk today, and it is still like this in the next few hundred years, even for the human beings on the earth who will continue to nuclear balance and intimidate each other for trivial matters between countries.

This may have happened in 521 of the Universal Era, a planet with a low habitability but rich in precious metal elements, which accounted for 17.00% of the production of iridium, chromium and tungsten by all human beings at that time, was attacked by a large-scale meteor shower.After seven months of sailing, the rescue team saw the remains of 30 workers and technicians who died on the planet, as well as the wreckage of all mining infrastructure in the past 30 years.Due to the rapid development of consumption and the back-end industry have become accustomed to sufficient supply of raw materials, the sequelae of several important metals lost on this planet were not fully recovered until nearly 15 years later due to the recovery here and the discovery of new mineral source stars.

In order to make it easier for people to identify whether the planet in the future exploration can be used for human habitation, a new planet habitability index similar to the Drake equation calculation method was developed by a Canadian mathematics teacher Dr. Dan Kamin in 2423 year proposed.Based on a number of quantitative observations and experimental data, the index marks all the data of the required categories with a scale of 1 to 10, and then multiplies the metrics of more than one hundred items of data to finally obtain a number not greater than one thousand. Metric data.

In order to make it easier for the public to identify at a glance, Dr. Kaimen took the logarithmic value of the obtained measurement data and obtained an index with three digits and one decimal place, that is, the Kaimen index.

In this system, the score of the earth is 999.8, that of Mars is 997.3, and that of Ceres is 913.2. Generally speaking, on planets below 998, chordates need auxiliary equipment to survive, and on planets below 997, organisms in the plant kingdom It cannot survive under the natural conditions of this planet.In unlogarithmic raw indices, professionals in industries such as mining, transportation, farming, manufacturing, and even tourism invoke analysis on specific segments of a thousand-bit index to determine the planet that meets their specific needs .

In 2521, the first phase of the expedition plan was successfully implemented: a G nuclear weapon was successfully detonated in the troposphere of Neptune, and a star tunnel with a diameter of 550 meters was successfully created.According to the data sent back by the probe into the star tunnel, the total length of No. 1 star tunnel is about 1.7 AU, leading to a galaxy with 29 planets, all of which revolve around a red dwarf star, and three solid planets are in the habitable zone .

The first outer solar system galaxy that humans are about to enter is named Galaxy No. 1.

[Note: The above, as well as all the descriptions of science, technology, sociology and other factors in this book, are all speculations made by the author based on my shallow understanding of these categories of knowledge, basically without any factual basis.If readers are interested in this knowledge, please refer to related books published by regular and authoritative publishing houses, colleges and research institutions, thank you! 】

(End of this chapter)