History of Human Space Exploitation

Chapter 64 History Outline

During this period, the mechanism of government personnel management also slowly changed with the passage of time.

Humans began to migrate to the interstellar space through star tunnels on a large scale since the 28th century AD. During those difficult and dangerous years, it was undoubtedly the most important leadership element for maintaining the unity and forge ahead of these interstellar explorers.Whether it is those settlements established in the warm habitable zone that later developed into independent regimes and states, or those mining planets hidden in dark corners or among the asteroid belts, strong leadership mechanisms are needed to guide those who have little People with interstellar survival and navigation experience get through the initial difficult times.

As these tens of thousands of large, medium, and small settlements later developed into self-contained colonies, autonomous regimes, and even regional hegemonies, the original model of strong leadership remained well established on most planets and planets. area remained.However, with the growth of the population of each immigrant planet and star area, the transportation between star areas and planets is becoming more and more convenient and safe, and the social structure is becoming more and more stable after 300 to [-] years of precipitation. Demands for governance and legal systems have also gradually increased, and some reforms related to the administrative system have quietly begun in many regions.

In this long period of reform without major historical events, in the final analysis it is the embodiment of the actual administrative development trend.From highlighting the part-time status of officials, especially chiefs at all levels, to emphasizing the overall role of agency members in the administrative process, and clarifying the legal status of agencies.Among them, the following points can quite reflect the profound changes in the entire administrative system in this historical period.

On the one hand, there are changes in the relationship between chief executives and assistant officials in many administrative departments.During this period, the chief executive gradually evolved from a paternalistic official who "talked all the way" to a "chief system", a "leadership system", and even a more dispersed "committee system".As the power of the magistrate shrinks, the position of the assistant officer in the administrative system has risen, while the containment and coordination mechanism between the two has gradually become clear.

On the other hand, when people need a strong leadership mechanism to overcome all kinds of dangers in the crisis-ridden universe, almost all the administrative systems of newly-built colony planets and star regions are established and operated on the basis of the power and responsibility of bandit leaders at all levels .The internal factor in the formation of this mechanism is that when many people encounter difficulties in opening up new areas, many decisive emergencies require these chiefs with absolute authority to make decisions.In addition, before the Wells information flow transmission mechanism matured, the efficiency and distance between the vast territory occupied by humans and the means of communication technology possessed by human beings returned to the situation before the invention of the telegraph on the earth.

To sum up, from the first year of the Universal Era in the 26th century AD to the 300th year of the Universal Era, the system in which the chief presided over and was responsible for his own affairs was basically the normal state of all human political entities going to the interstellar space.In this normal state, the necessary containment in the usual sense, as well as the coordination mechanism between different levels, basically only exist between different departments and different officials.At this stage, there is rarely the systemic supervision between adjutants or assistant officers, or even subordinates over superiors, as in the later period.

This kind of administrative form during this period is commonly called the "executive responsibility system".Usually, when recording the various historical events experienced by those in charge of different positions, as well as the appointment and dismissal of those personnel, this historical stage has its own many characteristics.For example: when describing a certain function and chief, the official rank and administrative status of the chief is usually stated first, and then the specific affairs of a person when he is a specific chief at a certain period of time, and the subordinates of a certain person are recorded later And so on.

As the social structure of the various immigrant planets and immigrant star regions tends to stabilize, and the surrounding security situation and risks gradually decrease, the established practice of the "official responsibility system" is quietly changing.

It is difficult to trace the start time and very specific opportunity of the change, but it may be helpful if we look at the records of the sporadic and overall institutionalization of the various star regions between 300 and 400 of the Universal Era.Compared with the stage of the "official responsibility system", the records of this period began to start with the powers and responsibilities of a certain institution, and then recorded the number of officials of the institution, and then involved the staff of the department in charge every standard month or Credit point salary for standard year.

During this period, there were still a large number of personnel with military merit and military positions, who were converted from purely military positions to purely civilian positions, and often these people's ranks in the military were higher than the actual civilian positions they performed.If it was in the previous period of the "official responsibility system", due to the high degree of recognition by the society itself, and the overall "form" when recording the same situation, it would first start with the military ranks of these personnel as the entry, and then Only then can they keep up with the responsibilities and staffing of this person in this department.

The various functional agencies under the chief-official system often act in a highly integrated manner. Under this system, there is often a certain degree of personal dependence between the chief official and the subordinate officials.The reasons for the later changes were, on the one hand, the social factors mentioned above, and in the final analysis, they were reflected in the development trend of the very practical administrative system.In the process of the "official responsibility system" being gradually replaced and dispelled, from highlighting the ambiguous edges of powers and responsibilities of various executives and officials to emphasizing that the members of these departments and institutions appear as a whole in the actual administrative process, and clearly The actual status of laws and regulations after that did reflect the profound institutional changes during this period.

Of course, relying on the long experience of human beings in political governance on earth, many systems have changed according to local conditions.Although in the early days of developing the universe, the "official responsibility system" often brought some unclear boundaries of power and responsibility, as well as many loopholes and gaps in regulations and even system levels, but this kind of flexibility also guaranteed to a certain extent that these frontlines or those in charge of specific Things officials have the power to improvise a lot of the time.At the same time, the implementation of these powers is naturally accompanied by an almost strict supervision mechanism for those officials who have great decision-making power in a certain area or in a certain specific matter.

Due to the absolute leadership and decision-making power of the chiefs themselves in the supervision mechanism of that period, those decisions and actions that led to mistakes or negative or even disastrous consequences often required these chiefs to be responsible for their personal future, money and even their lives. .In the process of the "official responsibility system" being gradually replaced by the "organizational responsibility system", this problem has been significantly improved.

In the past, because the chief was in charge of certain affairs, including the appointment and dismissal of subordinates and staff during the period, these government agencies that appointed and dismissed these chiefs often only needed to implement clear rewards and punishments for these responsible persons.In the period of the "institutional responsibility system", the power to appoint and remove the actual chief executive of a certain institution, those adjutants, subordinate officials and other personnel has been collected into the hands of governments at all levels.Under such circumstances, the previous system that required the chief executive to bear unlimited responsibility for specific affairs has gradually changed to the institution including the chief executive and officials at two or three levels below to share the responsibility.

Comparing the "official responsibility system" to the "institutional responsibility system" shows to a certain extent that the overall social governance structure is becoming more complete and mature.This is the evolution that occurred after stepping out of the earth and the solar system, and the descendants of the fifth and sixth generations of immigrants from the interstellar civilization stepped onto the political stage one after another.Almost at the same time, what happened in every corner of the galaxy cluster was the political and economic independence of those star regions and planets with large populations and strong resources.During this process, there is a phenomenon that deserves the attention of people in later generations, so as to get a glimpse of the situation in that historical period.

Since human beings landed on the No. [-] galaxy through the No. [-] star tunnel in the ruins of Neptune, those who were originally born on the earth, or the descendants of the second and third generations of the earth who lived on other planets in the solar system or space stations, all have a deep love for the home of the earth. Very strong sense of culture and identity.When these immigrants settle down in a new place, they will use the few tons or dozens of tons of soil they brought from the earth to shape the image that these immigrants like, as the connection between the settlement and the earth. symbol of.

Where these sculptures are carved with inscriptions, immigrants and explorers will basically apply to the Earth Interstellar Migration Committee for a description including their difficult exploration process, the support given to them by the earth, the organization or some blood relationship between them and the earth, What is more important is the identity that Earth grants them with regards to political status.

Earth sculpture is one of the important means for the earth to maintain its ruling order in the early days of human exploration into the interstellar space.The epitaph on the earth sculpture, as a prominent political landscape, had a great influence on the social psychology and cultural communication at that time.In the middle and late stages of the first interstellar era, due to technological progress and unprecedented enhancement of carrying capacity, the giant earth sculpture became a tool for those semi-independent star regions and planets to demonstrate the legitimacy of power and shape local identity.

After 400 years of the Universal Era, the entire Virgo supercluster of galaxies was pervaded by the flames of war between human beings fighting for their interests and living space. During this period, even the earth changed hands several times.As the earth's control over the outer star regions and planets weakens day by day, and even degenerates into a purely nominal symbol, under the situation that all heroes rise together and no one dominates, the earth sculpture has a new political meaning and connotation. .

In the era of great changes in the transition from the order of supergalactic clusters dominated by the earth to the competition for powerful star regions and planets, the political orientation chosen by those stronger forces, such as the Tiankui regime that succeeded in unifying all mankind, not only It has the significance of a weather vane in the various star regions, and has an even more important impact on the actual political trend at that time.In a troubled world where the central government is out of control, it may be the natural choice for any politically ambitious person to use one's own military advantages to expand the territory and then strive for balance in the world.

During those two to three hundred years, several regimes tried to use force to balance the world, which violated the political tacit understanding that the earth and several powerful star regions jointly observed the "old things on Ceres" in the 300 universe era.The essence of the so-called "Ceres Joint Agreement" includes two aspects. In the past, scholars paid more attention to its independence from the control of the earth, such as no naturalization, no loss of tribute, and self-appointment of officials. Standing on the puppet earth regime under its own control to gain its own political legitimacy has not paid enough attention.

Politicians at the time pointed out that "although the forces of some star regions and planets are powerful, they are not enough to use their own strength to reorganize the regime across the galaxy clusters. The prestige of the earth must be used to stabilize the military situation."The local regime that has ruled the Tiankui star area for two centuries even uses "unity with neighbors and respect for the earth" as a secret to maintain its regime.

Even after 700 years of the cosmic era when the prestige of the Earth government has disappeared, many powerful star sector regimes still use the approval of the Earth as the basis for showing off their legitimacy.It can also be seen that the official recognition of the earth's regime is the foundation of the political legitimacy of the local star area and planet.In this regard, these star regions also have a deep dependence on the form of the earth’s regime.

If the "Earth Sculptures" and the inscriptions on these sculptures before 500 years of the Universal Era can still represent some kind of authoritative endorsement issued by the Earth as the co-lord of mankind to various immigrant planets and galaxies, then the situation after that will gradually evolve It has become a kind of spontaneous formal recognition of the legitimacy of these powers and even the "self-reliant king" regions.Especially in conjunction with the gradual implementation of the "institutional responsibility system" in various planets and star regions, the high-level leadership organizations in these regions have objectively increased the degree of centralization, administrative efficiency and uniformity of their jurisdictional regions.Under such a background, these planets and star regions in turn have more independence in substance and in name.

During this period, the Virgo supercluster, which is full of human beings, is considered by many historians and politicians to be an era of "collapse of ritual and music".Their core theory is that in such a situation full of unknowable dangers in the universe, and it is not even known whether there are competitors with a similar level of civilization or higher than that of human civilization, if there is no strong one, they may retreat Secondly, as an effective arbiter of conflicts among human factions, internal friction between human beings will cause unpredictable losses.

However, based on the tradition of human debate and philosophy, such a view naturally has many well-reasoned opponents.Opponents' views are very similar to those expressed by Mr. Isaac Asimov in the "Foundation" series of novels "The Robot Trilogy".At the end of this part of the novel, although J. Giscart Raventloff and J. Daniel Oliva prevent Kelden Armadillo and Levala Mandamus from using the nuclear reaction multiplier A short-term attempt to destroy Earth, but Giscart thwarted Daniel's attempt at the last minute to stop the Mandamas from setting their multipliers to minimum speed.

Afterwards, Giscart explained that although Mandamus's statement about "slowly making the earth uninhabitable can allow human beings to better spread out in the universe" is suspected of washing away his own guilt, but such a point of view Undoubtedly, to a certain extent, it is consistent with the original "psychohistory" that Giscart has studied in his "mind" for a long time.Although it may be that the author wants to "punish" Giscart and need it to be responsible for the abandonment of the earth in the future, and let Giscart permanently stop after completing the transformation of Daniel's "spiritual interference", but it leaves "Full of Dawn" "The Milky Way continues to be guarded by Daniel.

Another reason for Giscart's shutdown is that its computing power is no longer able to use its long-term researched "psychohistory" law to predict the future of a huge and complex system like human beings.And because there are possible negative results in such predictions, under the limitation of "the first law of robotics-robots cannot harm humans", Giscart's short-circuit shutdown is also reasonable.

Their opponents do not deny the importance of this traditional and authoritative force, in contrast to the politicians and historians who believe that Earth is important to the "arbitrating power" of the various decentralized regimes of humanity throughout the Virgo supercluster.However, they are similar to Mr. Asimov's or Giscart's point of view: if human beings stick to or unconsciously rely on some traditional force to maintain their own well-being for a long time, such a group is undoubtedly from a long-term historical perspective. Is fragile and unaggressive.

In our "historical plane", there are no robots that can affect people's minds, and there is no "psychohistory" that can help humans plan the future, and there is no technology and mind dedicated to rebuilding human order like the First and Second Foundations strength.People can only rely on themselves, rely on the efforts of each individual, and influence the course of history with the power of fine sand flowing into the Ganges.The political, military, and economic aspects of the "first interstellar era", as well as the silent changes in the attitude of the entire galaxy cluster to the earth, are undoubtedly some obvious footnotes for human beings to become more mature and move towards interstellar civilization.

(End of this chapter)