Riding the wind of rebirth

Chapter 1592 The biggest outlet

1986年8月25日，瑞士日内瓦时间4点11分24秒（北京时间11点11分24秒），中国科学院高能物理研究所的吴为民在BJ710所的一台IBM-PC机上，通过卫星链接，远程登录到日内瓦CERN一台机器VXCRNA王淑琴的账户上，向位于日内瓦的 Steinberger发出了一封电子邮件。

In September 1987, with the help of the University of Karlsruhe in Germany, Professor Wang Yunfeng and Dr. Li Chengjiong established an email node at the BJ Institute of Computer Applications (ICA) and successfully sent an email to Germany on September 9. Email for "Across the Great Wall we can reach every corner in the world."

Subsequently, the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences established the IHEP network in China, which became the earliest high-performance computer network established in China at that time. It realized the connection with the computer network of CERN that year, and subsequently realized the connection with the computer network of the United States in March 1991. The connection to the computer network of Stanford University's Linear Acceleration Laboratory (SLAC) and the US Energy Science Network (Esnet) were realized in March last year.

The capital's "Zhongguancun Area Education and Scientific Research Implementation Demonstration Network" was also officially approved by the National Science and Technology Commission in April 1990. The largest computer network in China was established in the Zhongguancun area of ​​​​BJ using loans from the World Bank and domestic matching funds. It includes a backbone network and three university networks: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking University, and Tsinghua University. The total investment is 4 million yuan, and the backbone network was opened in December last year.

In addition to these, there is another important event, that is, on November 1990, 11, with the efforts of Professor Wang Yunfeng and Professor Werner Zorn, China’s top-level domain name .CN was registered. From then on, China has own identity.

However, since China had not yet achieved full-function connection with the international Internet at that time, China's CN top-level domain name server was temporarily located at the University of Karlsruhe in Germany.

April 4 this year was a "groundbreaking" day in the history of China's Internet development. China finally had full access to the international Internet and became the 20th member of the international Internet family.

There is no doubt that this will be the biggest trend in the world in the next few decades from now.

Zhou Zhi's first suggestion to the country at that time was to immediately move the domain name server to China and start the registration of international domain names for major well-known domestic companies.

In line with the current lack of technical strength and the principle of "whoever proposes, solves the problem", the state directly handed over these two glorious tasks to Shu University, with Clover Company undertaking the main technical work.

Of course, the domain name itself is also a relatively confusing matter. To put it simply, a domain name is similar to a mailing address, which is stored on the domain name management server. In the history of the development of the Internet, there has been a certain degree of confusion. According to general rules, www represents the World Wide Web server. There are a lot of domain names on the server. Among them, those ending with .com generally represent commercial companies, those ending with .net generally represent Internet companies, and the rest include .org, which represents international official organizations. , .edu, represents educational institutions, etc.

Such domain names are called top-level domain names, and there are a lot of second-level domain names below them.

For example, .cn represents China. There can be a lot of second-level domain names under it. In theory, as long as they are various enterprises, institutions, schools, official and unofficial organizations related to China, they can submit information applications. register.

But take Clover Company as an example. It is a commercial company, so it can be www.Clover.com, and it is an Internet company, so it can also be www.Clover.net. In addition, it is a Chinese enterprise. , of course it can also be www.Clover.cn.

After a barbaric development, the use of domain names by various units has become diverse.

This time reflects the importance of portals, search engines, and browsers.

For users, this identification work can be left to the maintenance companies of these websites, engines, and browsers. They only need to enter "Clover Company" in the browser or portal website, and then click on the result list that pops up. Just the link marked with the official website of Clover Company.

For China, .cn is its own top-level domain name. The management of .cn can be managed by relevant departments and the registration process can be very standardized. However, the other several types are managed by American companies, and there are quite a lot of them. A high degree of anarchy is rampant and the management is chaotic. It is possible that www.four-leaf clover.cn is a serious official website, while www.four-leaf clover.com and www.four-leaf clover.net are scam websites. If you want to establish and manage the domain name yellow pages, it will not only be a domestic matter, but also divided into two businesses.

One is foreign top-level domain name management, and the other is domestic second-level domain name management.

The second derivative is to cooperate with the State Administration for Industry and Commerce to carry out registration management; as for the first one, it is to rush to register. When foreigners ignore the rules, they first take advantage of the management loopholes that they can register at will. The way to abide by the rules is to set the rules first for domestic merchants.

Supporting these managements are domain name management servers, retrieval servers, and browsers.

Browsers are one of the important software for accessing web pages through computers. In the era without browsers, when people wanted to access the Internet, they mostly directly logged into the server through commands and instruction sets, and completed the surfing process by accessing the server directory. .

This method has always been retained, especially the access method using the FTP protocol, which has always had its convenience and vitality.

But for most "newbies" who use computers, memorizing these instructions is of course not as simple and convenient as using a mouse to click randomly.

With the emergence of graphical windowed operating systems, supporting network access methods have also developed, from CERN in 92, ERWISE, VIOLAWWW in 93, MAC version CERN, namely SAMBA, to MOSAIC in .

The amazing thing is that Microsoft, as the leader of the operating system, pays no attention to browser research and development. The University of Illinois, which owns the copyright of the MOSAIC name and code, is determined to "commercially develop" its own browser, and Netscape uses Mozilla MOSAIC was transformed into another famous software - NETSCAPE, the Netscape browser.

This package is actually very simple. It just adjusts the user interface based on MOSAIC to make it more convenient to use. It also adds an SSL secure transmission protocol so that information can be encrypted during transmission.

Even in the "post-modern" browser era, the security protocol, namely TLS, is still based on this protocol, so this is a protocol with very strong vitality.

Of course, in the initial stage of the Internet, SSL was not the only similar protocol, and various software had its own advantages. All technology companies that are interested in developing in the Internet industry, when choosing their own reserve IP, of course Everyone will have a choice.

Of course Zhou Zhi would choose SSL, after all, this is the most successful choice for later generations, and then developed his own browser-IE.

There is no doubt that it is INTERNET EXPLORER, but it is missing a prefix - WINDOWS.

IE and NETSCAPE are actually very similar, but NETSCAPE is designed based on UNIX, and IE is designed based on windows. The development software used is VC based on Clover COS, so whether it is in terms of development speed, compatibility with WINDOWS system, software In terms of ease of use and system response speed, it surpasses NETSCAPE in all aspects.

Prior to this, Zhou Zhi led Clover Company to actively embrace the IETF and become an important member of it, working together to refine and package SSL3.0 into SSL1.0.