Riding the wind of rebirth

Chapter 513 Identification
"But when you first entered the door, you couldn't see the bottom tire of the bottle." The middle-aged man was probably from an intellectual background, and his thoughts were more delicate.

"In fact, the bottom tire can also be seen through the glaze color and the edge of the bottle mouth." Zhou Zhi explained patiently: "But there are more important criteria for judging, that is, the shape of the vessel, the bottom glaze, the blue and white patterns, and the pattern."

"Let's talk about the shape first. The Tianqiu vase is actually a porcelain shape deeply influenced by West Asian culture. It was created and fired in the JDZ kiln during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, and was popular in Xuande. The Tianqiu vase in the Ming Dynasty was mostly blue and white, and seawater dragon patterns were the most expensive. "

"The Ming Dynasty Yongle Blue and White Cloud and Dragon Pattern Tianqiu Bottle, which was collected by the Qing Palace, is 41 centimeters high, [-] centimeters in diameter, and [-] centimeters in foot diameter."

"The Yongle Tianqiu vase imitated in the Qianlong Dynasty was imitated and fired in strict accordance with this standard. Although the neck is slightly stretched, the caliber and foot diameter are almost unchanged, or in other words, they are enlarged strictly according to the same ratio."

"This standard is clearly stipulated in the "Records of the Qing Dynasty Documents of the Manufacturing Office" of the Qing Palace. It is the two emperors Yongzheng and Qianlong who have almost abnormally strict requirements on the imitation of the previous generation's high-quality goods."

"After Qianlong, the Tianqiu vase began to undergo greater changes. When it came to the Republic of China, it burned more casually."

"Therefore, among the real official kiln porcelains of the Yong and Qiang Dynasties, in terms of vessel type, there are only two types: 'Imitation Xuan Kiln Tianqiu Vase' and the proportionally enlarged 'Imitation Xuan Kiln Enlarged Tianqiu Vase', and the rest are out of proportion. They are all 're-creations' of imitations of Qianlong imitations by official and private kilns in the later period, and they are imitations of imitations."

"Gongmei should have an album, Qing Qianlong Doucai plus famille rose dark Eight Immortals intertwined branch lotus pattern Tianqiu vase collected by Feibrook Museum of Art."

"The celestial ball bottle is accurately recorded in the work file of the manufacturing office: 'On June 25th of the third year of Qianlong, Samuha, the leader of the seventh rank, urged the chief executive Bai Shixiu to say that the eunuch Gao Yu, hand in...the colorful magnified dark eight immortals celestial ball bottle One piece...all sent in the same way. When the firing is finished, the original porcelain will be handed over and returned, and it will still be handed over to the porcelain warehouse...here.'”

"I remember that in the "Selected List of Important Chinese Porcelains" published by Guardian Auction House in [-], there are overall and detailed pictures of this bottle."

Xu Gong walked to the edge of the bookshelf, took out a thick book, and opened it: "Your memory is really amazing, here you are."

Both the bottle and Zhou Zhi's recitation of the bookend are in the album.

Zhou Zhi said: "Actually, good things, especially jade, porcelain and bronze wares, except for those collected in museums and later salvaged and excavated, most of the famous products handed down from generation to generation have been lost abroad."

He said and shook his head: "Look at the picture, look at this celestial vase, because there is a clear record of the manufacturing office, so it is the 'standard vessel' in the Qianlong celestial vase."

"In comparison, the neck of this gentleman's celestial sphere bottle is slightly longer. The key is the arc of the celestial sphere and the vertical-to-width ratio. It deviates too much from the Qianlong style, and the shape of the vessel is thinner."

After finishing speaking, he looked at Master Qiao: "Brother Yi must have used this to infer that it is Tongzhi Tianqiu, because this type of vessel is indeed an important feature of Tongzhi Tianqiu."

"That's right, then why did you say it wasn't Tongzhi Tianqiu?" Wu Qiaomu expressed dissatisfaction.

"Because the most basic glaze color and tire opening are wrong!" Zhou Zhi was about to go crazy.

"I just said that the earth is so greasy and white that it loses its naturalness. This is the characteristic of the embryo mud processing of porcelain in the Republic of China. The embryo making process of Tongzhi porcelain is rougher than that of the third generation. The only progress is that after the reign of Emperor Qianlong, there is almost no flint red in official kilns. And the firing of Flint Red only appeared after the Republic of China, and it was also a method of imitating porcelain before the Ming Dynasty, and really clever counterfeiters rarely used it on imitation Qianlong porcelain."

"Tongzhi official kiln porcelain did usher in a short-lived glory. It was specially approved by Cixi, who specially allocated 100 million taels of silver from the treasury to make all the wedding items of the Tongzhi emperor, including the wedding porcelain."

"However, most of those porcelains are colored porcelains, and the bottom marks are festive four-character red regular script 'Tongzhi Nianzhi', as well as red flags such as 'Auspicious Ruyi', 'Yanxi Tonghe', and 'Changchun Tongqing' written in auspicious sentences. Lottery."

"Blue and white porcelain is not among them at all. This is also a sign that blue and white porcelain has completely declined since Qianlong and is no longer favored by the royal family."

"Because of this, Tongzhi official kiln blue and white flowers are similar to Xianfeng blue and white flowers. They no longer pursue fine workmanship. The tire quality is white but not refined, slightly thick, and the glaze color is dark and unclear. The sense of transparency is poor. The lines of the peck are straight and stiff. , a little clumsy."

"Small equipment is acceptable, but it is difficult to maintain the level of three generations on a large equipment like Tianqiu bottle."

"Because all domestic blue materials are used for drawing, and the selection and processing times are no longer strict, the standard is uneven. Some are bright and bright, while others are dark and black."

"Although the overall advantage of domestic green materials is stability, the unique precious color of Ming Dynasty green materials has disappeared, and the green color is also floating on the glaze surface, without the feeling of sinking."

"In the early days of Tongzhi, the blue and white hair color could barely be bright and bright, but after the official glaze was used up, it began to turn gray in the blue in the later period, which was not even as good as the early folk kilns."

"Moreover, there is another great feature of Tongzhi blue and white, that is, there are very few seal script inscriptions, and there are even no entrusted inscriptions."

"Cixi may also know that, given the level of blue-and-white porcelain in official kilns at that time, it is a bit embarrassing to insist on writing 'Daming Xuande Annual System' on the bottom payment."

"Therefore, Tongzhi official kiln porcelain is still marked by the signatures of 'Tihedian', 'Dayazhai' and 'Tiandijiachun'. These three Cixi-specific porcelain inscriptions represent the highest level of the Tongzhi Dynasty."

"Look, everyone, the dark part of the blue and white porcelain of this porcelain is artificially dotted with a heavy brush, which is not as good as before Qianlong, which is a natural dark spot."

"Thus, from the composition of the blue and white, the hair color and the shape of the porcelain, and the red body, we can deny the possibility of it being the blue and white of Qianlong."

"And from the bottom of the tire, the style, and the color of the hair, it can also be denied the possibility of it being Tongzhi blue and white."

"Then how can I tell that it is an imitation of the Republic of China?" The middle-aged man no longer dared to underestimate the baby in front of him. He thought he had found a treasure, but in the eyes of experts, it was like a sieve, full of loopholes .

Zhou Zhi erected the bottle again: "The fetal mud of the Republic of China is fine, lacks sand, thin and light, these are its biggest characteristics."

"The most obvious thing is the green material. The green material is thin and lacks a sense of layering, but it is very delicate, even more delicate than the Yongxuan material. This kind of material is called 'factory material', which is a pigment that can only be developed by modern mechanized processing. "

"There is a large dish from the Qianlong Dynasty there." Zhou Zhiyi pointed to a booth in the hall outside the room: "Comparing the two, you can see the difference in hair color between the porcelain body and the blue and white hair."

At this point, the middle-aged man finally couldn't help disbelief, he cupped his hands and said: "Be taught, be taught, you can see so many things in a short period of time, the little brother is really a master."

"In fact, many of them were discovered later." Zhou Zhi smiled and said, "I knew it was wrong at the first glance, but it was because of a big flaw here."

"Is there something wrong here?" The middle-aged man couldn't help feeling strange: "This is a standard banana leaf pattern!"

Zhou Zhi shook his head: "In the early dragon patterns, the celestial ball bottle pattern, whether it is the dragon pattern piercing the lotus pattern, or the piercing cloud pattern, sea water pattern, the bottleneck and the bottle belly, are all a whole."

"The bottleneck pattern is now drawn independently as a banana leaf."

"Is there any shape like this? Indeed, there are, but the patterns of the bottle belly are usually plants, such as flowers with twigs, flowers and fruits with broken branches, and other plant themes."

"From the records of the Qing palace, we should know that all official kiln porcelains of the last three dynasties have extremely strict requirements on patterns and even bottom payment."

"It was only in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China that the decoration of banana leaves on the neck of the bottleneck began to appear, and the Tianqiu vase with the pattern of a dragon on the bottle belly began to appear. The purpose is very simple, just to save painters."

"So it is!" The middle-aged man suddenly realized.

(End of this chapter)