Riding the wind of rebirth

Chapter 522
Zhou Zhi said: "It seems that Uncle Chai is someone who has paid attention to blue and white flowers. I also like them very much. It's just a good time to communicate."

Lao Chai has his own ideas: "You have said it yourself. There were no official kilns before the Song Dynasty, but this blue and white was only a thing in the Ming Dynasty. At this time, there were already official kilns. Naturally, when collecting, we should try our best to meet high standards. Come on."

Zhou Zhi said: "The truth is this, but the blue and white porcelain of the Ming Dynasty has many characteristics different from those before and after, so we cannot rigidly generalize."

"I don't know if Uncle Chai knows the history of blue and white flowers?"

"Understood, the blue and white flowers first started in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. There were very few blue and white flowers in the Song Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty gradually formed a scale. By the Ming Dynasty, the craftsmanship was mature. The official kiln porcelain reached its peak in the Yongxuan period, and the folk kiln... can only be said to have distinct characteristics. There are quite a few high-quality goods in the middle and late stages.”

"Does Uncle Chai know how these fine products are developed?"

"I feel like... maybe the technology of official kilns has leaked out?" Lao Chai thought for a while: "It's the same as the current technology dissemination. Many large state-owned factories can't keep going, and workers and technicians go to private factories to work. The technology spreads."

"Yes, not all." Zhou Zhi said with a smile: "The artisan household system of the old Zhu family of the Ming government was very harsh on the kiln workers of JDZ. Imperial porcelain can be divided into two categories: one is 'Qin Xian', that is, imperial articles;

"The reason for this division is that due to the continuous improvement of the production technology of folk kilns, the quality of the porcelain produced is comparable to that of official kilns. Therefore, after calculating and exploiting, the government simply let the official kilns be responsible for firing a limited number of porcelains. The imperial porcelain used by the royal family is completed by the method of "government burning by the people".

"The so-called 'official firing by the people' is an expedient measure for the Imperial Ware Factory to assign part of the porcelain to the folk kilns because it is difficult to complete the firing tasks assigned by the court."

"Later, the expedient measure became a system. With the eunuch as the supervisor of the kiln, he would select the folk kiln with the best conditions, occupy the best kiln position, and let the folk kiln fire instead. After firing, the finished product is strictly controlled. If there is a slight flaw, the folk kiln will make up for it.”

"And in order to get more compensation, the 'delicate, fragile, and most difficult' porcelain was handed over to the folk kilns for firing. If the fire was not good, they would lose money, or buy qualified porcelain from the Imperial Ware Factory to replace it. "

"The Ming Dynasty's system of setting up officials and burning people was a very cruel relationship between exploitation and being exploited, but it has an advantage, that is, it opened a window for communication between the officials and the people and began to interact."

"Because for a long period of time, the craftsmen of the Royal Kiln Factory were the best batch of blank-making and painting craftsmen. , this part of the work is done by the imperial kiln factory, and the owner of the folk kiln is only responsible for firing."

"After that, there was nothing new under the sun. 'Guanta' gradually evolved into 'Guandu', and those workers gradually evolved into master craftsmen of folk kilns, completing the improvement of folk kiln craftsmanship in disguise."

"The folk kiln produces imperial porcelain, and the selection is extremely strict. The most exquisite products are selected as imperial porcelain. The rest, the Ming Dynasty royal family forcibly sold them to the folk kiln owners."

"Although there are all kinds of disadvantages, the craftsmanship of folk kilns has finally reached the level not inferior to that of official kilns. Of course, the custom-made by famous masters is also a folk kiln, and the pickle jars in ordinary people's homes are also folk kilns. There is a big difference here."

"So it is necessary to pick out the best products from the inside."

After speaking, he pointed to a plate on the table: "For example, this one."

Lao Chai picked up the plate and found that it was a character plate with the words "Rinpo Jia Zhi" written on the bottom.

This is the non-period model, the standard feature of folk kilns in the blue and white of the Ming Dynasty. No matter how beautiful the shape of the vessel, how elegant the picture is, how beautiful the hair color is, and how lustrous the glaze color is, it was not dared to do it before.

Because it is difficult to distinguish the age, it is even more difficult to distinguish the true from the false.

"This is Tianqi blue and white." Zhou Zhi said.

"Brother Zhou, tell us more details."

"I won't talk about hair-color glazes. Uncle Chai should be able to identify them. I just talk about the origin of this base." Zhou Zhi talked eloquently: "After the middle and late Ming Dynasty, among the blue-and-white porcelain in folk kilns, privately ordered There are more and more utensils, and these utensils generally have inscriptions, the name and church number of the person who is scheduled to be burnt, or auspicious words written on them, and there are also those with dry branch money."

"The production of fixed-burning utensils is relatively fine, which shows that in the late period, the imperial kiln factory could no longer strictly control the folk kilns. The folk kilns broke through the various shackles of the official kilns. Some upper-class figures or literati ordered to burn porcelain."

"The bases of this kind of utensils have been found to have the words 'Wanli Li Ya Zhiyong', 'Wancheng Tingzi Made', 'Xuanyin Tang' and so on, and two of them are very exquisite. ' and 'Mi Shi Yin'."

"Rinpo was the Taoist eunuch of the Tianqi Dynasty, and Mi Shiyin, also known as Mi Wanzhong, was a famous collector of gold and stone calligraphy and painting in the Tianqi Dynasty. Therefore, these two pieces of Tianqi blue and white porcelain with inscriptions are very exquisite blue and white porcelain."

"Among them, the 'Rinbo Jiazhi' blue and white porcelain is a typical example of 'official and civilian burning', which belongs to the 'Qin Limit' porcelain specially used by the emperor, and is even higher than the 'Ministry Limit' period porcelain used as rewards." Wait, it's a pity that not many people know about it now, and they often miss good things."

"Old Zhang, is that what Elder said?" Old Chai was confused.

Mr. Zhang nodded: "It is a big question to identify porcelain inscriptions. In Qing Dynasty Xu Zhiheng's "Yin Liu Zhai Shuo Porcelain" there is a saying that "porcelain has inscriptions, which began in Song Dynasty". And Huang Zhen's "Porcelain History" puts forward:' The year of porcelain does not start from the Song Dynasty, and I have seen three utensils with the "Qianyuan year system"."

"According to modern research, inscriptions are actually engraved on porcelain. It began in the Eastern Han Dynasty."

"Generally speaking, porcelain inscriptions are divided into dynasty inscriptions, stem and branch inscriptions, offering inscriptions, pattern inscriptions, hall name inscriptions, room name inscriptions, auspicious language inscriptions, personal name inscriptions, etc., and there are even inscriptions in Arabic and model texts."

"Not only folk kilns, but also official kiln porcelain often use non-annual inscriptions. For example, the hall names of Qianlong official kilns include Zhiqintang, Xuhuatang, Yanghetang, Libentang, Hehuitang, Jiayintang, There are 44 halls including Ninghe Hall, Jingjin Hall, Zhiyuan Hall, and Chunyin Hall.”

"Think about it, if you only recognize the six characters 'Great Qing Qianlong Year System', how many opportunities will you miss?"

"Rinbo Jia Zhi and Mi Shi Yin Zhi are the Qinghua life money of the Tianqi Dynasty, but this is true. So the same good thing, if you dare to do it, you can still let it go for nothing."

After finishing speaking, he sighed again: "Actually, there are not many of these inscribed porcelains left. Do you know why?"

Old Chai blushed and said, "Old Zhang is embarrassing me, it's just that there are a lot of ignorant people like us, except for the year-end items, the rest have been ruined all the way up to now, not many."

(End of this chapter)