Riding the wind of rebirth

Chapter 873 Standards
Everyone nodded, and only Wei Fei said, "What are you talking about? I don't believe that people in ancient times could make elbows so delicate by eating locusts. How could oil be such a precious thing for ordinary people at that time? How could they take it? To stir-fry the locusts?"

"So even if we eat locusts, we mostly eat them on bamboo skewers as we did when we were young."

"The shrimps at that time were the same, and they were usually baked with seasonings. Then I would like to ask: Can roasted locusts and baked shrimps taste similar? Can it trigger the association you mentioned?"

"Damn it! It's me who used today's people to match the ancients." Zhou Zhi cupped his hands: "Thank you for reminding me, I almost made a joke."

Wei Fei was rarely able to handle Zhou Zhi in liberal arts, and he was immediately elated: "Am I that kind of...one-character teacher?"

Yang He said with a slow smile: "Actually, there are too many phenomenons where people today play tricks on ancient people. Let me ask you, how much land do you think should be counted as landlords?"

"This... how come there must be twenty or thirty acres?" Xiang Yu said.

"Twenty or thirty mu is too much, right?" Fang Wenyu said, "The whole family can't grow it all. I think more than ten mu is enough. If you hire someone, is it considered as a long-term worker?"

"A family of ten mu can take care of it in a year, and don't forget that there are usually more than three members in a family at that time."

"So it is correct to say that the feudal dynasty was a landlord class regime." Zhang Lu said: "At that time, if one could support a person to study without work, no matter what, the family had to have more than ten acres of land."

"Hehehe, it's a pity that the reality is different..." Yang He smiled like "I knew you would think so".

"What's going on?" Everyone is a good kid who loves to study. Everyone knows the standard answers on the political test papers by heart, but without exception, they haven't investigated such details, which is still swallowing jujube.

In order not to affect them filling in the standard answers, Zhou Zhi never explained this aspect to them in detail.

Today is an opportunity to popularize science, Zhou Zhi said with a smile: "Actually, this question is a bit complicated, but according to the results mentioned in the article "Sichuan Land Reform and Its Significance in the Early Liberation Period", after the land reform, the per capita farm laborer increased from 0.2 mu to 2.37 mu, the poor farmers increased from 0.5 mu to 1.6 mu, and the landowners dropped from 14.59 mu to 1.47 mu per capita.”

"That is to say, the landlord class in central Sichuan at that time only had fifteen acres of land per capita."

"Of course, since it is average, there are both above average and below average. In terms of the number of people, because of the existence of the pyramid effect, there must be far more people below average than above average."

"Roughly summed up in this way, there are too many landlords who have a few acres per capita. Based on a family of five, two people are not working. If a family has more than ten acres of land, it is eligible to be classified as a landlord."

"Of course, the division of landlords is not only based on the land they own. There are two other conditions. The first is that they have labor and do not work. Others work and earn profits through rent collection, of course they are landlords.”

"There is another kind of labor, but also hire long-term workers. This involves a problem of the ratio of self-cultivation and private land. It can be divided into 'middle peasants plus small land lease', or it can be divided into rich peasants or even landlords."

"But we need more ideas, that is, we can't compare the past with the present, and we can't use this standard to compare the past, and then come to the conclusion that 'the feudal imperial examination is to select talents from the landlord class'."

"Because in the Tang Dynasty, the field mu system was very clear. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, one Ding granted one hectare of land, including [-] mu of Yongye Field and [-] Mu of Koufen Field."

"Of course, it is not absolutely uniform. It also depends on whether there is a contradiction between the local land and the population. But this quota has been used for a long time. In narrow townships, that is, places where land conflicts are prominent, it is also limited to [-] acres."

"In the Song Dynasty, this standard still did not change much, about 35 mu per Ding."

"This class of 'owner peasants' who normally obtained land was the cornerstone of maintaining the rule of the feudal dynasty. They provided the vast majority of taxes for the country, and also performed military and labor services. They were the absolute main force contributing to the country."

"This group of people has been called 'Liangjiazi' since the Han Dynasty. In Du Fu's poems, 'He Riping Hulu, the good man will stop the expedition', the good man refers to them."

"The children of this part of the population are also the main participants in the imperial examination, and even many dynasties have regulations that only the children of these people can participate in the imperial examination, and other craftsmen, musicians, merchants, and humble people are not allowed to participate."

"This part of the population belonged to the majority of the country's population in the vast majority of history. It is unscientific to simply and crudely divide them into the 'landlord class' according to modern standards, because they were actually ordinary families in ancient times. , or belong to an ordinary family with slightly better conditions."

"If you have to apply the "Land Equalization Order" according to the standards in Sichuan during the land reform, then except for farm laborers, almost everyone in the world who cultivates land is a big landlord."

"So using Xi Zhe's method to divide China's feudal dynasties is really too simple and crude. After actual research, many claims are untenable."

"Ye Shi in the Southern Song Dynasty investigated the household registration of Liangzhe Road at that time. Let's give another example. The household registration in the Song Dynasty was divided into main households and customers. Among them, the main households were private owners of land, and customers were those who leased state land and private land."

"The head household is divided into ten grades for urban households and fifth grade for agricultural households according to the amount of household assets."

"Ye Shi once counted the households in the 150 miles around Wenzhou City. The first class is above 150 mu, the second class is [-] mu to [-] mu, and the third and fourth class is [-] mu to [-] mu."

"Although there is no fifth class, we can calculate it through simple mathematics."

"And there was an official document in the Kaifeng government at that time, that those with less than [-] mu of land could apply to the government, so we can roughly think that the fifth-class households have more than [-] mu of land."

"This result is also comparable to Ye Shi's statistics."

"Finally, the conclusion. The conclusion is that it conforms to the pyramid structure. The fifth-class households account for 70.00% of the total, the third- and fourth-class households account for 20.00%, and the remaining 80.00% of the main household population occupies [-]% of the land."

"Remember the standards of these people, the minimum property of a family is more than [-] mu."

"In addition, there are customers. The proportion of main customers in the Song Dynasty did not change much, around 30.00% five."

"There are also two types of customers in the Song Dynasty, one is for the country to cultivate land, and the other is for private farmers."

"The people who farm land for the country are similar to our current rural areas. These people pay rent instead of tax, labor is heavier than self-cultivation farmers, and rent and land tax are equal."

"The remaining part of the land for private farming is the real farm laborers. This part is the most exploited, but like the other extreme landowners, it also only accounts for a very small part of the total population."

"So the ancient standards of land ownership were quite complicated."

(End of this chapter)