Start a Ming Dynasty plane

jingle bell~
A bell rang, and all the students of Lantian College quickened their pace. It was now 10:[-] in the morning. The bell just now was called the preparatory bell. It was to remind the students that class would start in [-] minutes.

The students ran in a hurry. You can't be late in Lantian College. If you are late, you have to beat the hands. Playing the hands here is not considered corporal punishment, and no student or parent will think it is inappropriate.

In this era, education is expensive. They are fortunate enough to be helped by the county lords to study here and to contribute to their hometown and their ideals in the future. They feel extremely honored, so the students here love it very much. study.

But among the rushing crowd, there were two people who walked towards the classroom without any haste.

These two men were tall and powerful, and they looked like they were from the army. Everyone thought that these two men were military cadres who had been promoted from the army.

They came to the administrative classroom of the School of Administration and began to listen to Mr. Wang's theory of governing the country.

State Governance is not a book, but a course that Mr. Wang summed up by combining the classics of state governance of the past dynasties, plus the profound knowledge learned from the academy library, called State Governance.

"Dingguo, hurry up, class is about to start, Mr. Wang is the one who annoys being late the most."

Wang Jiadong looked at Li Dingguo, who was not in a hurry, and urged him. At this time, Li Dingguo was still holding the meat buns brought out from the cafeteria, eating the meat buns and said: "No rush, I calculated, from the cafeteria to the classroom, walking Go, just wait for the bell to ring in class so it won't be late."

After hearing this, Wang Jiadong said: "Don't talk about your calculations. Yesterday you made a mistake in your calculations. As a result, the two of us stood outside the classroom and listened to half of the class. Mr. Wang didn't rub the sand in his eyes."

After hearing this, Li Dingguo stuffed the steamed stuffed bun into his mouth and said, "Then let's go quickly, what Mr. said today seems to be "Huainanzi·Fan Lun Xun""

As they spoke, the two ran to the classroom. As soon as they entered the classroom, it was already full of people. The two squeezed in with their big waists and found a good seat. The big meat bun wrapped in butter paper began to gnaw.

Soon, Mr. Wang came in. Mr. Wang was not very old, he looked only in his early twenties, he was the first batch of students to graduate from Lantian College, and he stayed at the school with the first place in the liberal arts in the college competition. Li Chaosheng also met him personally.

He praised Mr. Wang's wisdom, and Mr. Wang also regarded Li Chaosheng's administrative methods as a classic, and said that he should strictly implement Li Chaosheng's administrative concepts, based on Li Chaosheng's administrative concepts, and adopt hundreds of schools of thought. As a result, he developed a course on state governance.

He was elected by everyone in Lantian College and became one of the most popular teachers in politics class.

"Attend class."

When Mr. Wang arrived, he followed the class representatives sitting in the first row and shouted loudly, followed by everyone standing up: "Morning, sir."

"Morning, students."

Mr. Wang nodded to everyone. This is the rule of Lantian class. Everyone should have a sense of admiration for him. Everyone including Li Dingguo stood up. Li Dingguo also strictly abides by classroom discipline. , Li Dingguo is still very respectful. …

Not only Li Dingguo, even among the uprising army, many people respected the learned scholars very much. This is a kind of blind worship of ordinary people in ancient times to scholars, thinking that they are born superior, which is why ancient scholars can be so respectful. To say aloud: "Everything is inferior, but reading is high".

Mr. Wang nodded to everyone, and then took out chalk and wrote on the blackboard: Governing the country has its own rules, and benefiting the people is the foundation.

After writing these words, Mr. Wang looked at the crowd and said, "Who can tell me the source of this sentence?"

After hearing this, some activists immediately raised their hands, and the gentleman said, "Tell me."

"Sir, this passage is from "Huainanzi·Fan Lun Xun". Governing the country is based on permanence, and benefiting the people is the foundation; politics and religion have classics, and order behavior.

If you want to benefit the people, you don't need to follow the old ways;The decline of Husband Xia and Shang also died without changing the law.From the beginning of the three generations, they will become kings without attacking each other.Therefore, the laws of the sages change with the times, rituals and vulgarity, clothes and equipment are suitable for their own use, and laws and regulations are each suitable for their own use. Therefore, there is nothing wrong with changing the past, and it is not enough to follow the customs. "

The activist answered very seriously, Mr. Wang nodded and said: "Yes, this sentence means that although there are conventional methods for governing the country, everything should be based on benefiting the people. Although laws and regulations also have fixed regulations, but It is still best to be in line with the times, if the change is beneficial to the people, we must change it, and if the law is out of date, we should amend the law.”

"So what I want to tell you this year is a change of words, old rules, out of touch with politics, and they are all hooligans. Let's take a look at the administrative differences between Daming and Lantian today to judge why Daming is declining day by day, while Lantian But it’s getting better and better.”

Mr. Wang spoke, and many students listened attentively.

The reason why Mr. Wang's politics class is the most popular is that although he can take out a sentence from an ancient book, he does not simply translate it, but he wants to explain why it is so in combination with the facts, so that people can understand it through actual comparison. The truth of it. "

"The difference between Daming and Lantian is very big. If we spread it out, we may not be able to finish it in one day. Let's talk about it from the most intuitive aspect. Let's talk about taxation first. We also talked about it in the previous lessons. Why did the Ming Dynasty decline? The fundamental reason was that the imperial court could not make ends meet. The root cause was that the landlords and gentry merged their land and concealed the land and population. As a result, the tax revenue of the Ming Dynasty was not as good as every year. The great empire had no economy. The foundation, of course, is easy to break down, this is the content of the decline of the Ming Dynasty we talked about in the previous few lessons, whoever didn't remember it, go back and review it carefully."

Mr. Wang said and continued: "Today, let's use the tax mentioned above as an example to tell you that Daming's tax has always been collected according to the population, so our county lord once said a very interesting The saying is called head tax, and the tax is paid according to the head, regardless of whether it is an [-]-year-old man or a newborn child, all need to be taxed."

The students nodded in unison, and Mr. Wang said: "Originally, this law was reasonable when it was enacted. With the wrist of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, the taxation can still maintain the quality and quantity, not a little bit, but with Hongwu After the death of the emperor, Emperor Yongle may still be able to guarantee the strict implementation of this tax law, but after Yongle, the Ming emperor began to be gentle, and various problems began to appear in this tax law.”…

"For example, the Ming Dynasty stipulated that those who are famous and famous can be exempted from paying taxes. Taxes are paid, there are so many scholars in the world with fame and fame, if you keep a share, he will keep a share, and the Ming court will lose in the end.”

Hearing this, Li Dingguo nodded. He remembered that during these years of fighting in the east and fighting in the west, he found that the people who owned the most land were the masters of Juren or Duke Xiucai. They owned a lot of land.

And when he was a child, he remembered that their family had cultivated land for Master Juren's family.

Mr. Wang continued: "This is only the beginning of the problem, and there is still a sublimation of the problem. These people who don't have to pay taxes are all masters, and masters are first of all scholars. If they are scholars, they have classmates, and their classmates and friends Many of them are officials, and the Ming Dynasty officialdom had a great friendship in the same year, so these Juren and local officials will collude together, what are they doing together?"

"Falsify the population list, falsify the number of acres of land, and rewrite the originally good fertile land into wasteland with a brush, so that these landlords and gentry don't have to pay taxes. As for the poll tax, many of us or our parents lived in the dark age. , you ask them, there must be someone who knows about black households, even the government doesn’t know about your existence, and your only hope of life is to cultivate land for the landlord’s family.”

After hearing this, a dark and thin child raised his hand and said: "Sir, I know, I used to be a black householder, my father and mother were black householders, I was born as a slave of a landlord's family, and later I was a slave in our Lantian." He came, overthrew the landlord, divided the land for us, and let me study."

After hearing this, Mr. Wang nodded and said: "Well, this is the past of suffering, but it doesn't matter, it's all over."

"Let's look at it again. This is the reason why Ming didn't know how to change the policy. The officials of Daming have vested interests in this tax law, so they will desperately prevent the change of the tax law. As long as reforms are proposed, someone will jump out and say to the emperor. , the laws of the ancestors cannot be changed, is it true that the laws of the ancestors cannot be changed? No, if they change their interests, they will be violated."

"This is a simple aspect of the tax law of the Ming Dynasty. Of course, there are too many problems about whether to use silver or grain when paying taxes, whether to use big buckets or small buckets when paying taxes, the disadvantages of tax payment time, etc., so I won't expand here. Having said that, students who are interested can go to the library to look up the corresponding information by themselves, and the information there is still very detailed."

"Here I will share with you another county's data. Let's take our Lantian County as an example. When the county magistrate became the magistrate of Lantian and ordered land reform, when the land was re-measured, when the land was measured, our Lantian was real. The cultivated area is twice as much as the land recorded by the Ming government, twice, and these lands are hidden by the powerful landlords, so where does the court receive taxes?"

"The imperial court can't collect taxes, but they want to levy Liaodong, and they want to counteract bandits. It's all money. What to do if you don't have money? You can only continue to collect more taxes from the people. Liao pay, suppress pay, train pay, Every time the payment is levied, it is a hole in the people of Daming, and the tired people of Daming can't even afford to eat in order to pay the salary."...

"If a regime does not allow the common people to eat, then there is no need for it to exist. It is just for the common people to stand up against them. If a group of common people rebel only for one bite of food, not for cholera, then they Justice, this is what we are talking about today. Governing the country is permanent, and benefiting the people is the foundation. If a regime cannot benefit the people, then this regime is rotten and needs to be broken. The reason why Lantian is strong is that it has done so. People first."

"People-oriented."

Li Dingguo murmured after listening to Mr. Wang's words, and then raised his hand and said: "Sir, according to what you said, then the rogues should not be rogues, they are actually just some refugees who want to eat their stomachs. Seeking to fill their stomachs, according to what you just said, they should also be righteous."

After hearing this, Mr. Wang looked at the transfer student, nodded and said, "Okay, this question is good, come on, let's talk about this question."

As he spoke, Mr. Wang picked up a chalk and wrote a line on the blackboard, Bandits and Rebels.

"Let's talk about it. There is always something in governing a country, and benefiting the people is the foundation. A regime starts to be detrimental to the people, and starts to exploit the people, oppress the people, and even stop giving the people a way to live. The regime, this process can be said to be just, this is the resistance of the people, this is the people's demand for survival, everyone has the right to live, whoever wants to deprive it is unjust."

"That's no problem. The purpose of the rogues and the rebels is the same. But why are the rogues called rogues and the rebels called rebels?"

Mr. Wang wrote on the blackboard: "What is the difference between the two? The difference lies in the treatment of the people in the areas they occupy."

"The rebel army captured a place, opened warehouses to release food, appeased the people, and strictly enforced military discipline, so that the people in these liberated areas can live a stable life again, and get along with the people. Not to mention that they have done nothing to the people. At least they exploited more than the imperial court. Let the people live a more stable life."

"This is called the rebel army. For example, when Zhu Yuanzhang rebelled, he treated the people like this. Therefore, their army can be called the rebel army. Everywhere the people go, they welcome it. They even hope that such an army will come to their hometown and liberate their own country. Hometown, let your hometown live a good life."

"Let's look at the rogues, Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong, the two largest rogues in the land of Ming Dynasty. Let's see why they can only be called rogues. Their starting point is to find a way to survive for the people who can't afford it, but look at them. What is the situation in the land? Did they open warehouses to release grain to appease the people? No, there was no strict military discipline. , robbed people of their food, slept with their women, burned their houses, and finally forced them to join their ranks of rogues, so when they crossed a land, there was only a barren land left, just like locusts crossing the border."

"The rebels bring a stable life, but the arrival of the rebels means that the family is ruined. The people look forward to the rebels like rain, but fear the rebels like floods and beasts. Isn't this obvious? What are rebels and what are rebels? You understand Are you there, classmate?"

Mr. Wang looked at Li Dingguo.