Master Kong Zhongni

Chapter 234 Eight Classes of Confucianism (4K4)

On Zhoudao in the outskirts of the State of Lu, several chariots were galloping.

Jae Yu stood in the car and looked into the distance. Standing beside him was Ji Sunfei who was trembling because of extreme nervousness and fear.

Seeing him like this, Zaiyu smiled lightly, and sat down beside him again.

"Are you scared?"

Ji Sunfei raised his head to look at Jae Yu, then lowered his head in shame.

"Master, I..."

When Zai Yu saw this, he didn't blame him aloud, but leaned on Che Shi and asked.

"Fat! Let me ask you, the man is 20 years old, why is there a coronation ceremony?"

Ji Sunfei thought for a while, and said with shame: "I don't know..."

Jae Yu smiled and said: "You don't know now, it's not your fault, because I didn't teach it to you before. But now, you have to keep it in your heart."

"Please tell me your master."

Zai Yu said: "Since Zhou Gong established the ceremony, every man in the Xia Dynasty must go to the ancestral temple when he reaches the age of 20, and his father and honored guests will crown him.

Crowning has to be carried out three times in a row. The first crowning means that the child's thinking has matured and he can have the right to participate in and discuss state affairs and become an official.

The second crowning means that the child is physically strong and can enjoy the honor of joining the army and fighting for the country.

Crowning for the third time means that the child's behavior has been in compliance with the norms, so it can represent the family to carry out activities of worshiping ancestors.

Participating in political affairs, fighting for the country, and worshiping ancestors are not only the duties and obligations of adults, but also power and honor at the same time.

And after having these three powers, you can no longer treat a man as a child, and you can't call him by his first name directly to show respect.

Therefore, we should choose a matching word for him to replace his name, so as to praise his virtue and encourage him to continue to work hard. "

Ji Sunfei was touched when he heard the words. He thought of the upcoming changes in Qufu, and couldn't help but continue to ask: "If you do these three things well, can you be called a gentleman?"

Zaiyu shook his head: "If you do these three things well, you can be regarded as a real man. But it is still far from the standard of a gentleman."

Ji Sunfei asked: "But according to your statement, nine out of ten men in the world are not real men. From this point of view, are there still gentlemen in the world?"

Zai Yu replied with a smile: "Gentlemen... there are probably some, right? It's just that I haven't seen them yet."

Ji Sunfei asked again: "Master, are people like you not considered a gentleman?"

Zaiyu shook his head and said, "I'm just a Confucian scholar."

"Confucian scholar?"

Ji Sunfei thought for a while about the group of old scholars in the Pan Palace in Qufu who walked swayingly, and then looked at Zaiyu in front of him, feeling more and more puzzled.

He asked: "But...you seem to be very different from the Confucian scholars I know!"

As soon as he said this, before Jae Yu could answer, he heard Shen Shun who was driving in front laughing again and again.

"Little gentleman! It can only be said that you have seen too few Confucian scholars before! Confucian scholars are not only the teachers and guardians in the Pan Palace holding poems and books, but also rough people like me who practice martial arts!"

Ji Sunfei glanced at the burly Shen Shun, and then raised his eyes to Zaiyu.

"Master, this..."

Zaiyu smiled and said, "Zi Zhou is right! Just like food is divided into five grains, Confucianism also has eight categories."

Ji Sunfei asked: "Excuse me, Master, what are the eight categories?"

Zai Yu said: "Wang Confucianism and corrupt Confucianism, common Confucianism and vulgar Confucianism, refined Confucianism and vulgar Confucianism, great Confucianism and mediocre Confucianism, these are called the Eight Confucianisms."

When Ji Sunfei heard about these eight types of Confucian scholars, he felt quite novel.

He used to only know that Confucian scholars are a group of people who know propriety and love music, but he didn't expect that there are so many differences between Confucian scholars and Confucian scholars.

He couldn't help asking: "What about the behavior of these eight types of Confucian scholars?"

Zaiyu responded slowly when he heard Ji Sunfei's questioning.

"The so-called Confucianism of the king is the Confucianism of the kingly way.

This kind of Confucian scholars take the promotion of the kingly way as their own responsibility, and will never repent even if they encounter difficulties and dangers.

They can not only follow the etiquette and righteousness to achieve the great cause of the emperor, but also be good at handling political affairs in a wealthy country, and they can also win the hearts of the people and stabilize the world. Such people can be called Wang Ru. "

After listening to Zaiyu's description, Ji Sunfei couldn't help but enviously said: "This... has there been such a Confucian scholar since ancient times?"

Zaiyu thought about it, and felt that it was difficult to summarize the specific behavior of Wang Ru, so he could only try to explain it with examples.

He said: "Zi Chan of Zheng State and Guan Zhong of Qi State are both close to this state, but they all fell short in the end.

Zichan won the hearts of the people of the state of Zheng, and after his death, the state of Zheng died, and the state of Zheng did not become completely prosperous because of his reforms.

Guan Zhong was a man who was good at managing government affairs. He assisted Huan Gong and nine princes, and helped the survival of various countries. "

Ji Sunfei thought about Zichan and Guan Zhong, which of these two is not a virtuous person who is famous all over the world.

Turning his head and thinking about himself, Ji Sunfei had no choice but to give up the idea of ​​becoming Wang Ru.

He asked: "Then what kind of person is the rotten Ru who corresponds to Wang Ru?"

Zaiyu thought about the description of the rotten scholar, and felt that if he said something, he might offend his fellow apprentices, so he could only say something cryptically.

"There is a saying in "Yi": There is no blame and no reputation for including the bag.

Tighten your pockets, no fault, no honor, commonplace, no merit.

Those who meet this standard are the so-called rotten Confucians. "

Ji Sunfei heard it in a daze, but Shen Shun, who was driving, almost couldn't hold back when he heard this.

Isn't Zaiyu just beating around the bush and dissing those students who take "Poetry" and "Book" as their standard and don't know how to adapt?
Seeing Shen Shun's shoulders twitching, Zai Yu knew that this kid must have understood, so he hurriedly put aside Fu Ru and started talking about the following.

"As for mastering Confucianism, it is those Confucian students who have studied ancient and modern times, learned about heaven and man, and have mixed but unique insights.

The humble Confucian scholars are just the opposite. These Confucian scholars have low knowledge and humble knowledge. They cannot persuade the monarch when they go up, and they cannot restrain themselves with courtesy when they go down.

After reading three or five books, I was eager to show off my tongue to please the public, and I was eager to give knowledge to others as a gift like a beast.

When Confucianism is taught to others, it is like the sound of the empty valley. Although the words are short, they can make people have a long aftertaste.

As for the humble Confucians, when they speak to people, even though their words are gorgeous, they feel like they are standing in a market, making people feel flashy and noisy.

However, if you don't practice Confucianism, you will become vulgar Confucianism.

Not learning new knowledge, not emphasizing benevolence and righteousness, and pursuing wealth as the goal, this is the behavior of vulgar Confucianism.

They wore loose robes, expensive belts decorated with gold and jade around their waists, and hats with a high middle and low sides on their heads. They shouted to imitate the ancient holy king, but his words and actions were not consistent.

They miscellaneously cite absurd theories, distort the essence of "Poetry", "Book", "Li", "Yue" and "Yi", and use this to flatter the superior.

Their behavior has fallen into the common world, but they still don't know how to hate themselves. Instead, they cover up their mistakes and deceive foolish people under the guise of ancient sages, hoping to get some food and clothing and a little savings.

Those who obey the nobles, serve the wicked, flatter the nobles, be their servants with peace of mind, and dare not have any other ambitions, this is the so-called vulgar Confucianism.

The elegant Confucianism, corresponding to the vulgar Confucianism, is a type of person who respects etiquette and does not particularly value "Poems" and "Books".

The disadvantage of these Confucian scholars is that although his words and deeds can conform to the norms of etiquette and law, his wisdom cannot solve current problems, cannot explain things that have never been seen before, and although he reads, he cannot understand by analogy.

And their advantage is that they treat people faithfully and do not violate their original intentions.If you know it, you say you know it, if you don't know it, you say you don't know it, you don't deceive yourself internally, and you don't deceive others externally.

And use this as a basis to respect the sages, respect the law, and dare not neglect the cultivation of virtue for a single day.

Most of the Confucian scholars you saw in Pangong before, that's why you misunderstood the essence of Confucianism, right? "

Ji Sunfei felt a little confused when he heard this: "Master, don't Confucian scholars obey rituals in the first place? Why do you say that the disadvantage of elegant Confucianism is observance of rituals?"

Zai Yu said: "Following the rituals is not a shortcoming, but it is wrong to only value the "Li" and not "Poems", "Books", "Music" and "Yi".

When I was taught by Confucius in Qufu, he once told me:

"Poetry", "Book", "Ritual", "Music" and "Yi" are complementary to each other. If you abandon any one of them, then even if you learn well in the end, your views will inevitably be biased, and your exposition will inevitably be evil.

The knowledge taught in "Yi" expounds the relationship between heaven and earth, yin and yang, four seasons, and five elements. Therefore, people who are good at "Yi" know that everything is always changing, so they are good at changing.

"Li" stipulates the relationship between people, and distinguishes the difference between evil and justice. Therefore, people who have learned "Li" well can stick to themselves and will not be easily shaken by external things, so they are good at action .

The "Book" records the deeds of the ancient kings, and tells the changes of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, so those who have learned the "Book" well can learn the principles of governing the country, so they are good at government affairs.

As for the "Poetry", it records the stories of mountains, rivers, valleys, animals, plants, males and females, and between men and women, reflecting the habits and customs of the people all over the world, so after learning the "Poetry", you will know how to educate the people .

"Music" is the basis for the establishment of music. Gong Shangjiao Zhengyu's five tones are harmonious, and the repertoire can only move people's hearts when they are played. Therefore, people who have learned "Music" well are good at harmonizing temperament and coordinating the development of affairs.

Only Confucians who put all the principles in "Poetry", "Book", "Li", "Yue" and "Yi" into action can be called great Confucians! "

Ji Sunfei was dumbfounded by Zai Yu's words.

He originally thought that Wang Ru was already the pinnacle of Confucian scholars, but he didn't expect that there would be someone who could overwhelm Wang Ru.

He asked: "Dare to ask Master, what is the behavior of the great Confucianism?"

When Zaiyu heard the words, he flicked his cloak, looked at the rolling hills in the distance, and responded with a trembling voice.

"People like the great Confucianism live in seclusion in remote streets and alleys, and live in shabby houses. Although the poor have no place to stand, the princes and princes cannot compete with him for fame.

If a great Confucian governs a small country with a square of a hundred miles, a large country with a land of a thousand miles cannot match it.But he does not bully the weak, but specifically fights against tyrannical and immoral countries.

If the Great Confucianism does not send troops, it will be enough. If it sends troops, all the people will submit to it.

Because of this, even if he is determined to rectify the world, nothing can shake him.

The Confucian's words and deeds are in line with propriety and righteousness, because he has no shame in his heart, so he must act decisively, and when dealing with crises, he can deal with emergencies just right.

He can change with the changes of the times, but no matter how the outside world changes, the way he sticks to in his heart is always the same.

Heaven could not kill him, and the earth could not bury him. Even the eras of Xia Jie and Shang Zhou could not defile him.

Even if his body dies, his spirit can last forever with this great river, sleep with this mountain and river, even if it passes away for thousands of years, the trace of his existence cannot be erased. "

When Zai Yu said this, Zi Gong who was beside him suddenly frowned, raised his hand and pointed at Zai Yu and said.

"My son, are you kid..."

Seeing this, Zaiyu knew that this kid was going to do something bad, so he hurriedly changed the subject to make sense.

"The so-called great Confucians are people like Ji, Qi, Gao Yao, Boyi, Yi Yin, and Zhou Gong!"

When Ji Sunsi heard this, he suddenly raised his head and asked, "Then, master, which of these eight types of Confucianism are you?"

This time, he really caught Jai Yu's question.

His ambition is to become a great Confucian, but now, he feels that he is not qualified enough.

And if he is said to belong to several other categories, then he is obviously not a good match.

Besides, although Ji Sunfei is his student now, no matter what, he is also the helm of the Ji family in the future, representing Sanhuan's interests.

As Master's student, Mengsun Heji could mercilessly cooperate with Ji Sunsi to force Master out of Lu State in another timeline.

There's no reason why Ji Sunfei won't move Zaiyu because of Ji's interests in the future!

Because of this, if there is anything, he can say it in front of Zhao Wuxie.

But in front of Ji Sunfei, he had to be cautious in his words and deeds.

Zai Yu was thinking about it, but when he looked up, he suddenly saw Gongbo Liao who was tightly tied to the chariot behind him, and even his hands, ears, mouth and nose were blocked, and he remembered what would happen in the near future.

So he just chuckled and said, "I'm not among the Eight Confucians."

"Then what kind of Confucian scholar are you?"

Now before Zai Yu could answer, Zi Gong had already answered.

"My son, Quan Ruye!"

……

At night, at Yang Hu's residence.

Zai Yu was sitting on the head of the eight-foot-tall Yang Hu with a serious face, and a lively cloth bag was placed beside the two of them.

Needless to say, the contents inside are exactly Gong Bo Liao.

Zaiyu pointed to the bag and said, "Yangzi, Gong Boliao pretended to pass on the king's order and summoned me to Qufu. Is this because of your order?"

Hearing this, Yang Hu couldn't help but embarrassed and said: "My son, why am I so angry! I called you here to discuss important matters, but I was worried about attracting attention, so I asked Gong Boliao to pass on orders. You must Don't get me wrong!"

Zaiyu snorted, stood up and saluted, "After I received the order from Gongbo Liao, I thought Sanhuan knew about our plan, so he pretended to send the order from the monarch to trick me.

In desperation, I had no choice but to gather the army overnight and lead a team to come. When I was questioned by others, fortunately I was quick-witted and said that I was ordered to go out with the army, which did not make them suspicious.

Yangzi is going to make a big plan, but if he does this, if it attracts Sanhuan's attention, it will ruin the big deal. What is your intention in doing this? "

Hearing this, Yang Hu felt that he had listened to Gong Boliao's slander and misunderstood Zaiyu's loyalty.

So he felt more and more guilty, so he had to confess his feelings to him, trying to change Jaeyu's opinion.

"Don't worry about me, everything has been arranged properly. Even if Sanhuan finds out, it won't be able to change the overall situation. It's the right time for you to lead Tuqiu soldiers here now!"

Yang Hu was full of confidence, but Zai Yu couldn't help being surprised when he heard this.

Huzi, have you made all the arrangements?
Why don't you discuss it with me?

He hurriedly asked: "Dare to ask Yangzi, when is the date to do it?"

Yang Hu replied with a smile: "February is already ugly."

"February is already ugly?"

Zai Yu muttered.

Ji Chou is 26.

February 26?
Ok?
hiss!
Zai Yu took a slight breath of cool air.

Two two six, Hu Zi, who will tell you the divination?
This is an auspicious day for Xia Ke Shang!

Most importantly, isn't this the day after tomorrow!

　The monthly pass is like a gem, it is better to inlay it in a clean place.

　　——Excerpt from "Zaiyu's Diary"

　　
　
(End of this chapter)