Tsar of the Sphinx
Chapter 17 The Russo-Turkish War
Chapter 17 Russo-Turkish War (Broken City)
oh?Pyotr Alexandrovich Rumyantsev Zadunesky was quite surprised, he thought that Alexander Suvorov would talk about this later because Alexander was still young, but he did not expect that Alexander Suvorov would have told Alexander so early.
Peter Alexandrovich Rumyantsev Zaduneski nodded and continued: We are not in a hurry. To be precise, we are not in a hurry for this war. It is the Turks who are in a hurry. The attack must be rhythmic. For example, at the beginning Outside the city, Chezairli thought that we would attack the city immediately, so he prepared a large amount of supplies for defending the city, and sent people to ask for help, and prepared to hold out until his reinforcements arrived, but Alexander, you let the artillery bombard you After holding Okhachav for more than a month, the bombardment for more than a month not only made the defense supplies he prepared useless, but also made the defenders in the city have no courage to fight us.If Potemkin hadn't asked us to attack the city immediately, I estimate that there would be a mutiny in the city within five days at most.
You see, Alexander, Mikhail Romanovich Vorontsov and Boris Andreyevich Golitsyn rushed in with the Cossack cavalry.
Now we just need to wait quietly for the battle in the city to end.
There has been fighting in the city for a long time.
Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha had already retreated into the city when the Russian infantry rushed into it.
After the Russian infantry and Cossack cavalry broke into the city of Okhachav one after another, the artillery that had advanced to the second trench also stopped. If they fired again, it would easily cause accidental injury to the friendly troops in the city.
Taking advantage of the ceasefire of the Russian artillery outside the city, the Turkish soldiers counterattacked frantically, trying to push the Russian soldiers who entered the city out of the city.
The two sides fought and wrote in the city near the collapse of the city wall.
Our infantry is at a disadvantage!
Pyotr Alexandrovich Rumyantsev Zadunesky put down his binoculars, but his face was not troubled.
This is just the beginning, he explained to Alexander: The Cossacks are already looking for Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha and his precious general in the city, and the remaining infantry of our army is continuing to enter the city. Infantry sacrifices are useful.
Prince Gula Ivanovich Saltykov sighed: Alexander, this is the real battlefield, where sacrifices are happening all the time, famous generals not only need theory but also blood and sacrifice water.
Yes, I know.Alexander said: Before this, I was ready to accept it all.
Sacrifice is inevitable, and Alexander has never heard of that famous general who has not been baptized and poured out of blood and sacrifice.
In the city, Mikhail Romanovich Vorontsov and Boris Andreevich Golitsyn led the Cossacks separately in search of Cherzayli.
Finally, when Mikhail Romanovich Vorontsov turned a corner, he glanced at the title and found Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha and a group of people behind him. Turkish general.
Great work!
The Cossack cavalry behind Mikhail Romanovich Vorontsov also saw Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha and a group of Turkish generals behind him, and shouted.
found it!found it!
Ulla!
Mikhail Romanovich Vorontsov led the Cossack cavalry behind him shouting, and rushed towards Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha and the Turkish generals behind him.
The Russian soldiers have already entered, then gather strength to drive the Russian soldiers out, remember, use all your strength, only... what is that?
When Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha was still discussing with the general how to drive the Russian soldiers back outside the city, he heard a huh, and Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha turned his head At first glance, a group of Russian Cossack cavalry was rushing towards him, and he and the generals behind him suddenly lost their souls.
It's Russian!
A general raised his head and shouted.
On the city wall, the captain of the new guard who forcibly took away Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha, who was playing for himself, saw the charging Cossack cavalry, and set up Cherzayly Ghazi Hassan Pasha turned and ran.
Mikhail Romanovich Vorontsov let out a sharp breath and his neck swelled.
He's working hard.
He couldn't help but work hard.
The Vorontsov family’s cousin became the lover of Peter III, and was affected after Catherine ascended the throne. After being suppressed, although there was still a sigh of relief, they could not go back to the past after all. Opportunity, but the family made a lot of effort to get the opportunity.
Under the leadership of Mikhail Romanovich Vorontsov, the Cossack cavalry rushed past the intercepting soldiers. Before the soldiers had time to fight back, the Cossack cavalry chopped off their heads.
Then, the Cossack cavalry caught up to Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha and his personal guard who had just started running.
Seeing the Cossack cavalry surrounding him, Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha sighed and surrendered consciously.
And his personal guards originally wanted to fight hard, and it would be best to send Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha out, but they didn't expect Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha to surrender up.
They threw away their weapons and surrendered.
Boris Andreevich Golitsyn arrived here belatedly.
Seeing the corpses of Turkish generals and several Turkish soldiers all over the ground, I just wanted to ask whether Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha had caught them, when I saw several Cossacks facing each other not far ahead. Erzaili Ghazi Hassan Pasha was punched and kicked.
Only then did he heave a sigh of relief, and said to Mikhail Romanovich Vorontsov who was coming up, "Okay, okay, I didn't expect you, Mikhail, to catch this Turk. Let's go, let's take him to the city wall, this siege battle should be over.
After that, he went to Mikhail Romanovich Vorontsov and whispered: Mikhail, you did a good job, you caught Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pa Thanks to Xia, although your family has been suppressed by the current tsar, at least it will improve in the future.Take it easy, Mikhail.
······
Ulla!
A loud roar suddenly burst out from the artillery position outside the city.
The fighting in the city was going on fiercely, but a group of cavalry came.
Alexey Ivanovich Gorchakov stood in front of the artillery position and saw the ecstasy on the faces of the siege artillerymen he had left behind.
What a shame!
Alexey Ivanovich Gorchakov looked troubled.
Alexei Ivanovich Gorchakov's adjutant asked, Lieutenant Colonel Alexey, who is here?
Alexey Ivanovich Gorchakov looked under the lamplight over his eyebrows.
Damn...! !
The cavalry was speeding past the artillery emplacements behind.Then they parted on both sides.
Alexander and Peter Alexandrovich Rumyantsev Zaduneski appeared so vividly in the eyes of the infantry who were in the second offensive channel.
It's Grand Duke Vladimir and Field Marshal!
Someone recognized them both.
The Grand Duke and Marshal are here!
Russian soldiers have not seen a member of the royal family on the battlefield since the death of Peter the Great, or a member of the royal family who has clearly become the tsar in the future.
After Peter the Great finished the Great Northern War, the royal family was very weak. After the juvenile tsar and the court coup, Russian soldiers have never seen the tsar or the tsar's quasi-heir on the battlefield for more than 50 years.
Then there is Tsar Peter III. Although he loves the military, he has never appeared on the battlefield, and he also betrayed the interests of Russian soldiers fighting.
Although the current crown prince has also been on the battlefield, he still hides in the camp and waits for the end of the war.
When he arrived in Alexandria, he was a heroic young man. Although he hid in the camp like his father Paul, at least he was able to join the army at such a young age. Now, this young man left the camp and came to the army. Arrived in the position.
Ulla!
The Russian soldiers were boiling.
These soldiers and generals seem to have been beaten with chicken blood.
Crazy!
The Russian soldiers went berserk.
Peter Alexandrovich Rumyantsev Zaduneski took command as a matter of course and ordered: The whole army presses up!After half an hour, the battle in the city must end!
After the order was issued, the entire Right Army went crazy.
Ulla!
Countless people began to swarm towards the previously collapsed city wall.
The soldiers who were fighting in the city didn't know what was going on outside at first, but when the soldiers who came in later said something, they immediately exploded.
The Grand Duke is at the gates, brothers, defeat the Turks!
The Russian soldiers showed great courage and rushed to every Turkish soldier one after another.
Alexey Ivanovich Gorchakov took the remaining small guns and fired in a row.
Then the Russian soldiers rushed up fiercely, and the Turkish soldiers suppressed them to the city wall one after another.
Boris Andreyevich Golitsyn and Mikhail Romanovich Vorontsov arrived at the collapse of the walls with their captive Cherzayli Ghazi Hasan Pasha The place.
The general who could not withstand the Russian charge retreated, and heard someone shouting from behind: Your chief general Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha has been captured, surrender quickly.
lost!
shouted a Turkish soldier who turned around.
Ulla!
A Russian soldier excitedly raised a bleeding head and shouted.
That was Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha's newly promoted captain of the personal guard!
The remaining Turkish soldiers in the city began to slowly drop their weapons and surrender.
Ulla!
There is cheering inside and outside the city.
Bang!
The city gate was completely opened, and the artillerymen outside rushed in brazenly with light weapons.
Cherzaili Ghazi Hassan Pasha watched this scene in despair.
It's over, everything in the empire on the steppe is over.
······
Outside the city, Alexander did not expect to end the battle as soon as he arrived in the position.
The city of Okhachev has been conquered, Crimea will be safe, and then we can march with a large army. I am thinking, when can we parade in Constantinople.
Boris Andreevich Golitsyn and Mikhail Romanovich Vorontsov came out with Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha.
This is Cherzayli who is known as Ghazi?
Alexander smiled, looking very dissatisfied.
Pull away!
Pyotr Alexandrovich Rumyantsev Zaduneski waved his hand, and at the level of a marshal, he was not interested unless the king or the sultan was captured.
But for diplomats, Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha is a good thing, and they can play well.
For example, pull it to the square in St. Petersburg, imprison Cherzayli in a cage, let the nobles in the country see what a pagan jihadist looks like, or exchange more gold coins when negotiating with Turkey.
Alexander, the overall situation is settled, let's go back to the camp and rest?Pyotr Alexandrovich Rumyantsev Zaduneski said indifferently.
The night is already deep, and today Russia is fighting the Turks with the lights on.
Alexander nodded, and returned to the camp with his personal guards.
Being able to come to the position tonight made Alexander very satisfied.
And Pyotr Alexandrovich Rumyantsev Zaduneski had a lot going on with Johann Martin von Elmpter.
Your Excellency Marshal, the remaining enemies have been wiped out of the city.
Let the soldiers of the Smolensk First Border Guards clean up the city to lay a good foundation for the supply team behind, and at the same time wait for the arrival of the supply team after the army is launched.
The rest of the soldiers all withdrew from the city of Okhachav and went back to the camp to rest. The whole army will set out for the city of Kajibey tomorrow morning.
By the way, Prince Gula Ivanovich Saltykov, please send Potemkin the results of this battle as soon as you return to camp.
Also told Potemkin that I must receive new supplies in four days outside Kajibey.
Understood, Marshal Rumyantsev.I'm going back to camp to report to Potemkin.
-
Method of attack in Vauban's fortifications: In Vauban's siege system, he created a stylized method of approaching the enemy's castles.First dig a trench 600 to 700 yards away from the enemy's fortifications, which is parallel to the fortifications of the selected assault point.In this way, the longitudinal artillery fire of the city defense forces can be prevented from attacking the entire trench.The distance between the trench and the castle was fixed, which was close to the maximum effective range of offensive or defensive artillery at the time.After the first trench had been dug, another earthwork was built in front of it to protect the siege guns deployed there.Then under the cover of these artillery fires, siege engineers began to dig "tunnels" or attack trenches into the castle (this is where the military term "tunnel soldiers" comes from).These tunnels always form a certain angle with the enemy's fortifications and circle forward in a "zigzag" shape. The purpose is also to reduce the chance of the enemy's longitudinal artillery attack.Tunnel soldiers put bamboo baskets and wicker baskets filled with soil on carts with wheels, and pushed them in the tunnel, so as to avoid direct fire from enemy artillery.When the approach channel was about 300 yards from the enemy line, a second parallel trench was dug to place new siege guns.From here the siege guns drove the defenders off the ramparts with heavy fire, suppressed the enemy's artillery fire, and began blasting breaches in the walls.At this point, if possible, the defenders would attack with limited counterattacks to prevent the construction of a second parallel trench and try to damage or "plug" the siege guns. (The cannon is stuffed into the fire door of the cannon with sharp iron, nails or bayonets, so that the cannon cannot be used. If you want to use it, you must remove the plug.) The siege army must be ready to deal with this kind of attack by the defending army at any time, so Always keep a strong infantry in parallel trenches to protect your guns and gunners.If the defending troops hold their positions, and the attacking troops feel that attacking from the second parallel trench cannot win, then the tunnel must continue to be dug forward.At this time, the siege troops had to deal with the threat of light weapons fire from the defenders, but they could get the artillery cover of their second parallel trench.New tunnels were dug up to a few yards from the moat or moat beneath the walls.A third parallel trench was built there.When the fire of the siege infantry prevented the defenders from entering positions on the ramparts, the siege artillery moved into a third parallel trench and bombarded the walls at close range.Sometimes they also used the improved technique of digging tunnels, which not only facilitated the knocking down of the city walls, but also allowed small siege troops to enter the enemy's fortifications and then run out to fight.Of course, the defending troops often use confrontation tunnels to deal with such tunnel siege methods.Usually after one or two days of artillery bombardment from the third parallel trench, a breakthrough can be opened from the city wall. If the enemy has not surrendered, then a siege assault can be launched. The main form of warfare in the 18th century was positional warfare, so castles sprung up all over Europe.The main targets of the battle are fortified castles, warehouses and some important strongholds.There is a set of rigid procedures to follow in the capture of fortresses.
(End of this chapter)
oh?Pyotr Alexandrovich Rumyantsev Zadunesky was quite surprised, he thought that Alexander Suvorov would talk about this later because Alexander was still young, but he did not expect that Alexander Suvorov would have told Alexander so early.
Peter Alexandrovich Rumyantsev Zaduneski nodded and continued: We are not in a hurry. To be precise, we are not in a hurry for this war. It is the Turks who are in a hurry. The attack must be rhythmic. For example, at the beginning Outside the city, Chezairli thought that we would attack the city immediately, so he prepared a large amount of supplies for defending the city, and sent people to ask for help, and prepared to hold out until his reinforcements arrived, but Alexander, you let the artillery bombard you After holding Okhachav for more than a month, the bombardment for more than a month not only made the defense supplies he prepared useless, but also made the defenders in the city have no courage to fight us.If Potemkin hadn't asked us to attack the city immediately, I estimate that there would be a mutiny in the city within five days at most.
You see, Alexander, Mikhail Romanovich Vorontsov and Boris Andreyevich Golitsyn rushed in with the Cossack cavalry.
Now we just need to wait quietly for the battle in the city to end.
There has been fighting in the city for a long time.
Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha had already retreated into the city when the Russian infantry rushed into it.
After the Russian infantry and Cossack cavalry broke into the city of Okhachav one after another, the artillery that had advanced to the second trench also stopped. If they fired again, it would easily cause accidental injury to the friendly troops in the city.
Taking advantage of the ceasefire of the Russian artillery outside the city, the Turkish soldiers counterattacked frantically, trying to push the Russian soldiers who entered the city out of the city.
The two sides fought and wrote in the city near the collapse of the city wall.
Our infantry is at a disadvantage!
Pyotr Alexandrovich Rumyantsev Zadunesky put down his binoculars, but his face was not troubled.
This is just the beginning, he explained to Alexander: The Cossacks are already looking for Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha and his precious general in the city, and the remaining infantry of our army is continuing to enter the city. Infantry sacrifices are useful.
Prince Gula Ivanovich Saltykov sighed: Alexander, this is the real battlefield, where sacrifices are happening all the time, famous generals not only need theory but also blood and sacrifice water.
Yes, I know.Alexander said: Before this, I was ready to accept it all.
Sacrifice is inevitable, and Alexander has never heard of that famous general who has not been baptized and poured out of blood and sacrifice.
In the city, Mikhail Romanovich Vorontsov and Boris Andreevich Golitsyn led the Cossacks separately in search of Cherzayli.
Finally, when Mikhail Romanovich Vorontsov turned a corner, he glanced at the title and found Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha and a group of people behind him. Turkish general.
Great work!
The Cossack cavalry behind Mikhail Romanovich Vorontsov also saw Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha and a group of Turkish generals behind him, and shouted.
found it!found it!
Ulla!
Mikhail Romanovich Vorontsov led the Cossack cavalry behind him shouting, and rushed towards Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha and the Turkish generals behind him.
The Russian soldiers have already entered, then gather strength to drive the Russian soldiers out, remember, use all your strength, only... what is that?
When Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha was still discussing with the general how to drive the Russian soldiers back outside the city, he heard a huh, and Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha turned his head At first glance, a group of Russian Cossack cavalry was rushing towards him, and he and the generals behind him suddenly lost their souls.
It's Russian!
A general raised his head and shouted.
On the city wall, the captain of the new guard who forcibly took away Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha, who was playing for himself, saw the charging Cossack cavalry, and set up Cherzayly Ghazi Hassan Pasha turned and ran.
Mikhail Romanovich Vorontsov let out a sharp breath and his neck swelled.
He's working hard.
He couldn't help but work hard.
The Vorontsov family’s cousin became the lover of Peter III, and was affected after Catherine ascended the throne. After being suppressed, although there was still a sigh of relief, they could not go back to the past after all. Opportunity, but the family made a lot of effort to get the opportunity.
Under the leadership of Mikhail Romanovich Vorontsov, the Cossack cavalry rushed past the intercepting soldiers. Before the soldiers had time to fight back, the Cossack cavalry chopped off their heads.
Then, the Cossack cavalry caught up to Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha and his personal guard who had just started running.
Seeing the Cossack cavalry surrounding him, Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha sighed and surrendered consciously.
And his personal guards originally wanted to fight hard, and it would be best to send Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha out, but they didn't expect Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha to surrender up.
They threw away their weapons and surrendered.
Boris Andreevich Golitsyn arrived here belatedly.
Seeing the corpses of Turkish generals and several Turkish soldiers all over the ground, I just wanted to ask whether Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha had caught them, when I saw several Cossacks facing each other not far ahead. Erzaili Ghazi Hassan Pasha was punched and kicked.
Only then did he heave a sigh of relief, and said to Mikhail Romanovich Vorontsov who was coming up, "Okay, okay, I didn't expect you, Mikhail, to catch this Turk. Let's go, let's take him to the city wall, this siege battle should be over.
After that, he went to Mikhail Romanovich Vorontsov and whispered: Mikhail, you did a good job, you caught Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pa Thanks to Xia, although your family has been suppressed by the current tsar, at least it will improve in the future.Take it easy, Mikhail.
······
Ulla!
A loud roar suddenly burst out from the artillery position outside the city.
The fighting in the city was going on fiercely, but a group of cavalry came.
Alexey Ivanovich Gorchakov stood in front of the artillery position and saw the ecstasy on the faces of the siege artillerymen he had left behind.
What a shame!
Alexey Ivanovich Gorchakov looked troubled.
Alexei Ivanovich Gorchakov's adjutant asked, Lieutenant Colonel Alexey, who is here?
Alexey Ivanovich Gorchakov looked under the lamplight over his eyebrows.
Damn...! !
The cavalry was speeding past the artillery emplacements behind.Then they parted on both sides.
Alexander and Peter Alexandrovich Rumyantsev Zaduneski appeared so vividly in the eyes of the infantry who were in the second offensive channel.
It's Grand Duke Vladimir and Field Marshal!
Someone recognized them both.
The Grand Duke and Marshal are here!
Russian soldiers have not seen a member of the royal family on the battlefield since the death of Peter the Great, or a member of the royal family who has clearly become the tsar in the future.
After Peter the Great finished the Great Northern War, the royal family was very weak. After the juvenile tsar and the court coup, Russian soldiers have never seen the tsar or the tsar's quasi-heir on the battlefield for more than 50 years.
Then there is Tsar Peter III. Although he loves the military, he has never appeared on the battlefield, and he also betrayed the interests of Russian soldiers fighting.
Although the current crown prince has also been on the battlefield, he still hides in the camp and waits for the end of the war.
When he arrived in Alexandria, he was a heroic young man. Although he hid in the camp like his father Paul, at least he was able to join the army at such a young age. Now, this young man left the camp and came to the army. Arrived in the position.
Ulla!
The Russian soldiers were boiling.
These soldiers and generals seem to have been beaten with chicken blood.
Crazy!
The Russian soldiers went berserk.
Peter Alexandrovich Rumyantsev Zaduneski took command as a matter of course and ordered: The whole army presses up!After half an hour, the battle in the city must end!
After the order was issued, the entire Right Army went crazy.
Ulla!
Countless people began to swarm towards the previously collapsed city wall.
The soldiers who were fighting in the city didn't know what was going on outside at first, but when the soldiers who came in later said something, they immediately exploded.
The Grand Duke is at the gates, brothers, defeat the Turks!
The Russian soldiers showed great courage and rushed to every Turkish soldier one after another.
Alexey Ivanovich Gorchakov took the remaining small guns and fired in a row.
Then the Russian soldiers rushed up fiercely, and the Turkish soldiers suppressed them to the city wall one after another.
Boris Andreyevich Golitsyn and Mikhail Romanovich Vorontsov arrived at the collapse of the walls with their captive Cherzayli Ghazi Hasan Pasha The place.
The general who could not withstand the Russian charge retreated, and heard someone shouting from behind: Your chief general Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha has been captured, surrender quickly.
lost!
shouted a Turkish soldier who turned around.
Ulla!
A Russian soldier excitedly raised a bleeding head and shouted.
That was Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha's newly promoted captain of the personal guard!
The remaining Turkish soldiers in the city began to slowly drop their weapons and surrender.
Ulla!
There is cheering inside and outside the city.
Bang!
The city gate was completely opened, and the artillerymen outside rushed in brazenly with light weapons.
Cherzaili Ghazi Hassan Pasha watched this scene in despair.
It's over, everything in the empire on the steppe is over.
······
Outside the city, Alexander did not expect to end the battle as soon as he arrived in the position.
The city of Okhachev has been conquered, Crimea will be safe, and then we can march with a large army. I am thinking, when can we parade in Constantinople.
Boris Andreevich Golitsyn and Mikhail Romanovich Vorontsov came out with Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha.
This is Cherzayli who is known as Ghazi?
Alexander smiled, looking very dissatisfied.
Pull away!
Pyotr Alexandrovich Rumyantsev Zaduneski waved his hand, and at the level of a marshal, he was not interested unless the king or the sultan was captured.
But for diplomats, Cherzayli Ghazi Hassan Pasha is a good thing, and they can play well.
For example, pull it to the square in St. Petersburg, imprison Cherzayli in a cage, let the nobles in the country see what a pagan jihadist looks like, or exchange more gold coins when negotiating with Turkey.
Alexander, the overall situation is settled, let's go back to the camp and rest?Pyotr Alexandrovich Rumyantsev Zaduneski said indifferently.
The night is already deep, and today Russia is fighting the Turks with the lights on.
Alexander nodded, and returned to the camp with his personal guards.
Being able to come to the position tonight made Alexander very satisfied.
And Pyotr Alexandrovich Rumyantsev Zaduneski had a lot going on with Johann Martin von Elmpter.
Your Excellency Marshal, the remaining enemies have been wiped out of the city.
Let the soldiers of the Smolensk First Border Guards clean up the city to lay a good foundation for the supply team behind, and at the same time wait for the arrival of the supply team after the army is launched.
The rest of the soldiers all withdrew from the city of Okhachav and went back to the camp to rest. The whole army will set out for the city of Kajibey tomorrow morning.
By the way, Prince Gula Ivanovich Saltykov, please send Potemkin the results of this battle as soon as you return to camp.
Also told Potemkin that I must receive new supplies in four days outside Kajibey.
Understood, Marshal Rumyantsev.I'm going back to camp to report to Potemkin.
-
Method of attack in Vauban's fortifications: In Vauban's siege system, he created a stylized method of approaching the enemy's castles.First dig a trench 600 to 700 yards away from the enemy's fortifications, which is parallel to the fortifications of the selected assault point.In this way, the longitudinal artillery fire of the city defense forces can be prevented from attacking the entire trench.The distance between the trench and the castle was fixed, which was close to the maximum effective range of offensive or defensive artillery at the time.After the first trench had been dug, another earthwork was built in front of it to protect the siege guns deployed there.Then under the cover of these artillery fires, siege engineers began to dig "tunnels" or attack trenches into the castle (this is where the military term "tunnel soldiers" comes from).These tunnels always form a certain angle with the enemy's fortifications and circle forward in a "zigzag" shape. The purpose is also to reduce the chance of the enemy's longitudinal artillery attack.Tunnel soldiers put bamboo baskets and wicker baskets filled with soil on carts with wheels, and pushed them in the tunnel, so as to avoid direct fire from enemy artillery.When the approach channel was about 300 yards from the enemy line, a second parallel trench was dug to place new siege guns.From here the siege guns drove the defenders off the ramparts with heavy fire, suppressed the enemy's artillery fire, and began blasting breaches in the walls.At this point, if possible, the defenders would attack with limited counterattacks to prevent the construction of a second parallel trench and try to damage or "plug" the siege guns. (The cannon is stuffed into the fire door of the cannon with sharp iron, nails or bayonets, so that the cannon cannot be used. If you want to use it, you must remove the plug.) The siege army must be ready to deal with this kind of attack by the defending army at any time, so Always keep a strong infantry in parallel trenches to protect your guns and gunners.If the defending troops hold their positions, and the attacking troops feel that attacking from the second parallel trench cannot win, then the tunnel must continue to be dug forward.At this time, the siege troops had to deal with the threat of light weapons fire from the defenders, but they could get the artillery cover of their second parallel trench.New tunnels were dug up to a few yards from the moat or moat beneath the walls.A third parallel trench was built there.When the fire of the siege infantry prevented the defenders from entering positions on the ramparts, the siege artillery moved into a third parallel trench and bombarded the walls at close range.Sometimes they also used the improved technique of digging tunnels, which not only facilitated the knocking down of the city walls, but also allowed small siege troops to enter the enemy's fortifications and then run out to fight.Of course, the defending troops often use confrontation tunnels to deal with such tunnel siege methods.Usually after one or two days of artillery bombardment from the third parallel trench, a breakthrough can be opened from the city wall. If the enemy has not surrendered, then a siege assault can be launched. The main form of warfare in the 18th century was positional warfare, so castles sprung up all over Europe.The main targets of the battle are fortified castles, warehouses and some important strongholds.There is a set of rigid procedures to follow in the capture of fortresses.
(End of this chapter)
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