Behind me is the entire history of mankind!

Chapter 23 The Possibility of Cold Fusion

"Among all the superheroes, only he doesn't rely on any supernatural power, and only relies on his own wisdom to stand shoulder to shoulder with those inhuman beings." Lincheng said.

The curtain call of Iron Man 3 was played on the screen in front of them. They spent an afternoon watching the series of Iron Man movies, including the plot of Avengers 1,
"A good movie," Einstein commented.

Plank also nodded, "I like his character design very much. There are flaws, but there are also shining points. Only imperfect people are perfect. He is a qualified hero, no matter whether he has the steel armor or not."

Einstein said calmly, "There is only one kind of true heroism in the world, and that is to still love life after seeing the truth of life."

"The movie of the future is really pleasing, and the special effects can't see any flaws at all, just like it was shot in real life." Mendeleev laughed.

"Compared to the story, I care more about the feasibility of the covered powered exoskeleton armor." Tesla said.

Einstein thought for a moment, and said, "According to the mechanical technology on that huge moving castle, it is not impossible to realize this kind of exoskeleton armor with the technology of this era.

But the key lies in the nuclear reactor that can be reduced to the size of a palm while releasing huge energy.

Nuclear fusion is carried out in an environment of ultra-high temperature and ultra-high pressure, which determines that sufficient "external" energy must be provided to the fusion material in order to "trigger" the fusion reaction.

Moreover, since it is under high temperature and high pressure conditions, the overall volume and complexity of the reaction device are greatly increased, and the cost of extracting energy is greatly increased. "

"The movie uses cold nuclear fusion technology." Lincheng said.

"Cold nuclear fusion?" Planck raised his eyebrows slightly, "meaning, do nuclear fusion reactions take place at low temperatures?"

Lincheng nodded.

Einstein's eyes lit up, and said.

"If it is really feasible, this method will greatly reduce the reaction requirements, can use more common and simple equipment, and also make the fusion reaction safer. It is not impossible to shrink to this level."

After a pause, he frowned and pondered again, "However, how can the atomic nuclei be aggregated without ultra-high temperature?"

The principle of nuclear fusion is very simple, that is, light atoms (mainly hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium) undergo polymerization under ultra-high temperature and ultra-high pressure conditions to generate heavier nuclei (helium) and release Produce huge energy.

At standard terrestrial temperatures, the nuclei of a substance can only get as close to each other as the atoms' electron shells will allow.

Just as the same-sex repulsion and opposite-sex attraction of magnets, the repulsion between atomic nuclei with positive charges of the same sex prevents them from approaching each other, and nuclear reactions cannot occur without collisions between atomic nuclei.

To make nuclear fusion reaction, atomic nuclei must have enough kinetic energy to overcome this repulsive force and approach each other.Raising the temperature of the reacting substance increases the kinetic energy of the atomic nucleus.

"If two atomic nuclei are forced to be squeezed into a small space that cannot accommodate two atomic nuclei, is it possible for the two to aggregate and react." Planck imagined.

Einstein's eyes lit up, "The atomic structure of palladium is very suitable for this kind of small space."

"This experiment was done in your future, but they all ended in failure." Lincheng said, "In my time, people already regarded cold nuclear fusion as a "pseudoscience", at least in the traditional state of matter and nuclear physics. One cannot explain it within the framework of science."

"Never arrogantly deny things beyond your knowledge, it will only make you pass the truth." Einstein said, "When my theory of relativity was just released in that era, it was also called by some people. It's called "pseudoscience."

"Hmph." Tesla snorted softly on one side, but said nothing.

Einstein smiled back.

"The nuclear physics framework of that era may not be able to complete cold nuclear fusion, but this era is different. I have already thought of a method that can perfectly realize this idea."

Einstein and Planck looked at each other, and then they said almost in unison.

"Aether particles."

"The ether particles that decompose matter and reconstitute them have quite absolute power, and can even operate on quark-level and finer matter, and it is equally simple to perform operations on the atomic-nucleus level.

I think the idea of ​​a palladium reactor is feasible. The key to the problem is how to pack two atomic nuclei into the lattice of palladium metal and carry out fusion as we imagined.

If say, use the ether particle to control the atomic nucleus to directly carry out the polymerization, and put it into the lattice of palladium metal, is it feasible? "

"Alternatively, directly eliminate the electrostatic repulsion of atomic nuclei through ether particles." Planck said.

"It may be feasible, but in that case, it may be necessary to consume a large amount of ether particles to maintain this state. For us, ether particles cannot be mass-produced, and the cost is too high. Use ether particles as a tool to achieve low-temperature nuclear fusion. Palladium metal for maintenance, this is the best state." Einstein said.

"If you can handle the energy," Tesla said calmly, "I can handle that suit of armor too."

There was absolute confidence in his tone, but none of the people present questioned his words. Tony Stark is a genius, but he exists in movies, a genius in human fantasy, but Nicolas Tesla, however, is a genius that actually existed in human history.

"Calculation is not a problem for me, but in practice, I need some assistants." Einstein looked at Lincheng, "If possible, can you bring Fermi here?

Lincheng nodded, "No problem."

The full name of Fermi in Einstein's mouth is Enrique Fermi, a famous Italian-American physicist, professor of physics at the University of Chicago, and winner of the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physics.

In 1942, Fermi's leadership team established the first controllable nuclear reactor at the University of Chicago, laying the foundation for the successful explosion of the first atomic bomb, and mankind has since entered the age of atomic energy. Fermi is also known as the "father of atomic energy." .

"But where are we going to get palladium now?" Lincheng asked with a wry smile.

Everyone who was discussing excitedly was stunned. Even in the real world, palladium metal is a very rare metal, so it is still very difficult to get it in this era.

Einstein shook his head helplessly, "Record this idea in the memorandum, and wait for the conditions to conduct research. Although palladium cannot be obtained, the research of direct nuclear polymerization using ether particles can be carried out. "

"Nice day, fun movie."

Plank got up from his seat and stamped his slightly numb feet. They had been here for eight hours and watched four movies.

As people from the old era, the kind of special effects blockbuster that looks like real shooting is undoubtedly an impact on their worldview. Even though Lincheng suggested that they watch it in a few days, their enthusiasm has not weakened because of the passage of time.

What exists in the movie is a rather novel scientific perspective and a perspective on the future.

"These movies are all in one series. The superheroes in the Avengers seem to be able to make independent movies." Einstein rubbed his slightly sore eyes.

"Including what we watched, by the end of Avengers 4, a total of 22 movies have been filmed." Lincheng replied truthfully.

"Good business acumen." Tesla praised, "This company should have made a lot of box office with this IP."

"Anyway, no matter how much it is, it is money that I will never spend." Lincheng shrugged.

"Aside from cold nuclear fusion and the steel armor, is there any interesting science fiction in it?" Einstein asked casually.

Lincheng pondered for a moment, "Does Pym particle count? It can reduce the distance between atoms including human beings, reduce the volume of objects, increase the density of matter, and can be reduced to the size of ants, and can ride ants, insects and other micro-organisms." , the smallest can be reduced to the subatomic level.

And because it shrinks, its own material density increases, and the fist it swings out is like a bullet, and it can even be enlarged into a giant like a tall building, possessing powerful destructive power. "

After pondering for a moment, Planck said, "The imaginary part of this idea is very high."

"If we only reduce the distance between atoms and molecules, or reduce it to zero, we can only shrink the solid to a quarter of the limit, and no matter how small it is, the mass will not change." Love Instein said.

"Before that, the ants will be crushed to death first." Mendeleev joked, "Or, the density like that, ordinary concrete floor can't bear it at all."

"The same is true for zooming in. It would look like a balloon being blown up. In reality, there are cases where the distance between particles shrinks, that is, the star collapses into a white dwarf at the end of its evolution, and the white dwarf then collapses into a neutron star and finally becomes a black hole.

In the same way, if it is really reduced to the subatomic level, then people will become black holes and then disappear very quickly. ’ said Einstein.

"However, when we travel through time and space, we are broken down into subatomic things by ether particles, isn't it?" Tesla said.

"Ether particles do have some of the characteristics of Pym particles mentioned by Lincheng, which can reconstruct the density of matter." Einstein nodded undeniably, "But there is also a limit, and this method of reconstructing the density of matter It may be possible to operate on inorganic substances, but it is more difficult to apply to organic substances such as the human body.

Life is a set of extremely complex natural "systems". Not only is its structure precise, but its functions are complex. Human civilization has developed for thousands of years, and many mysteries such as the origin and essence of life have not been completely solved yet.How to perform this zoom-in and zoom-out operation while maintaining the original traits of life is a big difficulty.

Not to mention the more difficult adjustment of the quality. "

"Get out cold fusion first, and then think about it." Plank said, "Our current manpower is not enough to start two projects at the same time."

Several scientists nodded.

"Aether particles have a wide range of applications, and it has brought about an epic revolution in the existing physical framework, and the existing cognition is not applicable.

With more and more talents joining us, at some point, this fantasy may come true. "Einstein laughed.

Planck stared at Einstein for a long time, and after a while, he smiled, "If anyone in this world can create the so-called Pym particles, it can only be you, Albert."

Einstein smiled and did not answer, but the other two scientists did not have any doubts. Theories of the special and general relativity levels normally require a scientific research team composed of a group of geniuses to come up with something.

But Einstein completed it almost single-handedly. Perhaps many people who have little understanding of physics, as well as some arrogant young people, think that Einstein is just a lucky guy who was born in an era when he didn't understand anything. In physics circles, he is the undisputed god.

At least for now, no one can pull him off the altar.

"Before that, let's think about how to move to the ground." Einstein said, "I have been in this damp and cold place for almost a month, and I feel like I'm going to grow hair."

(End of this chapter)