Daming: I help my wife be the empress

Chapter 544 Education: It is imperative to replace the old with the new!

A few days ago, Aunt Zhu had asked Huang Daozhou to inform the special conference on education, so officials above the head of the Ministry of Rites had made a lot of preparations.

Hearing Aimee Zhu's question, it was Chen Zizhuang, the left servant of the Ministry of Rites, who got up first to answer.

"Your Majesty, my Ming Dynasty attached great importance to education at the beginning of the founding of the country, and formed a relatively complete official school system during the Taizu period.

In the central government, my Ming Dynasty has not only Guozijian, the highest school for scholars, but also Zongxue for the clan, and martial arts for generals from all over the world.

At the local level, many villages and towns have sociology, or private schools, ethnology, and then there are county schools, state schools, and government schools.

In the past, those who excelled in social studies could be recommended to enter county schools, state schools, and government schools, and my Ming Dynasty would also give money and food subsidies.

Those who are excellent in county schools and other government schools can be recommended to enter the Guozijian, and the Guozijian has the right to recommend talents to His Majesty.

In addition, my Ming Dynasty once had martial arts, medicine, yin and yang studies and other professional schools in the local area to train relevant professionals for the Ming Dynasty. "

Speaking of this, Chen Zizhuang paused, showing a rather emotional expression, and continued: "This is a fairly complete talent training and selection system, but it is a pity that with the corruption of officials, it spread to government schools, making Zongxue, Zongxue, etc. Guozijian, martial arts, etc. have lost their due functions, and their names are not worthy of their names.

After Jiajing, the number of Juren and Jinshi trained by government schools in various places was not even as many as those academies.As a result, government schools in many places have gradually become abolished. "

The rest of the officials from the Ministry of Rituals nodded slightly.

As Chen Zizhuang said, Zhu Yuanzhang attached great importance to education at the beginning of the founding of the country.

Although the current official school system is far less well-functioning than Hongwu, Yongle, and Xuande, it is still running tenaciously, cultivating a large number of scholars for the Ming Dynasty.

This made Daming the highest literacy rate among the feudal dynasties in China—in the history of later generations, Dai Qing began to realize modernization. When modern education was promoted in the early 5.00th century, a literacy rate was counted, and the result was only [-]%! (There is a saying that it is less than one percent!)
And this is the data announced at the time, the actual data may be lower.

What is the literacy rate of Ming Dynasty?

There was a statistic during the Wanli period, and the national adult literacy rate was as high as 20.00%!

In Daming, almost all the people in the southern market were proficient in writing and ink.Even in the northern border provinces, where culture and education are not very prosperous, many people are literate.

For example, Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong, the two leaders of the peasant army, were both able to read and write, and there were not a few people in the other frontier army and peasant army who could read and write.

The reason for this is that in many places in Ming Dynasty, the establishment of education was the top priority, and private schools and social schools were everywhere.

In order to maintain the rule, Dai Qing took further control of the imperial examinations, a weapon that imprisoned scholars, destroyed most of the private schools in the country, and controlled the number of schools in various places, which caused the literacy rate of the people at the bottom of China to plummet...

After Chen Zizhuang had finished speaking, Auntie Zhu said: "Chen Shilang said that the official education is abolished because of the corruption of officials, which is true, but not entirely correct.

I think that the main reason why government schools have come to this point is that they cannot keep up with the changes and development of the times.

Therefore, this time I am going to abandon the old official school system and establish a new education system. "

After finishing speaking, Aunt Zhu signaled Lianqiao to hand out the prepared pamphlets.

The ministers were not surprised by this, and it could even be said that they were a little used to it—in many meetings, Auntie Zhu would prepare materials for the ministers to refer to.

It has to be said that doing so allowed the officials to understand the holy will more accurately, greatly reduced the quarrels in the court meeting, and improved the decision-making efficiency of the court.

The white paper issued today is called "The First Draft of the Great Ming Education Development Plan".

Huang Daozhou, Chen Zizhuang and others looked through it and found that it did describe a new education system——

"In the future, every county in the Ming Dynasty will set up at least one primary school, and teach primary school courses according to the textbooks issued by the imperial court.

Of course, except for the three prefectures, three-year compulsory education cannot be implemented in other places at present, so primary schools in various places need to charge a certain amount of books and miscellaneous fees.

In each state and prefecture, at least one middle school is opened, with a four-year schooling period—if primary school students pass the graduation examination of the third grade, they can enter the corresponding state or prefectural middle school.

Among them, the imperial court not only exempted the outstanding ones from book miscellaneous fees and tuition fees, but also gave them a certain living allowance.But most people still need to pay tuition and miscellaneous fees by themselves.

Finally, in recent years, Zhenhui will first establish three comprehensive universities in Nanjing, Beijing, and Chengdu, as well as several junior colleges, with a three- or four-year schooling system.

Its students are the outstanding ones among the middle school students in various states - as for who is outstanding, it is naturally determined through the graduation examination of the fourth grade of middle school.

When they arrive at the university, students can choose a major to study according to their talents and hobbies. It can be Confucianism, natural science, or even military..."

Auntie Zhu roughly talked about the contents of the white paper booklet. Everyone looked and listened, and many of them showed doubts.

After Auntie Zhu finished speaking, Chen Zizhuang couldn't help standing up and asking, "Your Majesty, if this education system is implemented, will the imperial court select officials from university graduates in the future, or through imperial examinations?

If the imperial examinations were not passed, wouldn't this new education system abolish the imperial examinations? "

"Dare to ask Chen Shilang, what is the imperial examination?" Zhu Wei asked back, "In the new education system, doesn't the graduation examination have the role of the imperial examination to select outstanding scholars?"

Chen Zizhuang was taken aback for a moment, and then looked down at the introduction of the relevant examination system on the white paper, and found that the graduation examination was actually similar to the three imperial examinations, the provincial examination, the general examination, and other examinations in the imperial examination. strong effect.

At this time, Auntie Zhu said again: "Besides, I don't want to implement this new education system all over the world immediately, but plan to implement it gradually.

At the same time, it is not to cancel the imperial examination at once, but to leave a buffer period of ten or even 20 years.

During this period, the imperial court has already held imperial examinations on schedule—middle school students under the new education system can take the provincial examinations, and those who are talented and successful can also sign up for the high school graduation examinations to enter universities. "

After hearing what Aimee Zhu said, the officials of the Ministry of Rites couldn't help but look at each other, and it was still a bit difficult to accept for a while.

Seeing this, Auntie Zhu said: "Everyone can think about it carefully and discuss it."

So more than a dozen officials from the Ministry of Rites discussed on the spot.

"Compared with the previous government schools, how is this new education system different? Or what are the advantages?"

"Don't you understand? Your Majesty is determined to use the new education system to promote new learning, instead of letting government schools only teach Confucianism as in the past."

"Then why not let the government teach new learning directly?"

"Your question is a bit out of mind—how can government schools allow scholars to go to class on time every day? How can teachers of all subjects teach according to textbooks?
On the other hand, if official learning is done according to this set, is it still official learning?What is the difference between primary and secondary schools mentioned in this white paper? "

"···"

As officials of the Ministry of Rites, up to Huang Daozhou, the Minister of Rites, down to the officials at the principal level, they all know that Zhu Yuxi intends to promote new learning such as natural science.

And this new education system is obviously serving the promotion of new learning.

Therefore, unless Da Ming did not plan to promote the new learning and still held on to Confucianism, it was imperative to switch to the new education system.

After all, the old education system can only teach Confucianism, and cannot adapt to multidisciplinary teaching at all.

So, after some discussion, the officials of the Ministry of Rites gradually calmed down, and then Huang Daozhou, as Minister of the Ministry of Rites, stood up and bowed his hands, "Your Majesty, I think the new education system is feasible!"

"Good." Auntie Zhu smiled.

These officials from the Ministry of Rites did not argue with her, and she and Hao Guangming worked so hard to produce the white paper "The First Draft of the Great Ming Education Development Plan".

　Second more.

　　Good night~
　　
　
(End of this chapter)