medical simulator

Chapter 277 Can't hold it anymore! (seeking subscription)
The defense has a process. The first step is that the graduates are responsible for explaining and introducing the topic and content of their defense. During this process, the audience is silent.

No one will bother you to explain your subject at this time point, but it is very likely that at this time, the mistakes you make will be recorded in a small notebook.

Zhou Cheng spoke slowly, and at the same time he marked all the lines that he deliberately buried in the process.In fact, calculations have been made in advance.

"..."

"In view of the previous research of our research group and the objective data in the course of this research, we have carefully deduced the following results."

"HK2 does promote the growth, proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells to a certain extent both in vivo and in vitro. After inactivating HK2, to a certain extent, it will also have a certain effect on the growth, proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells." negative effects."

"This is the end of my introduction, thank you teachers for listening."

Time passed slowly, and Zhou Cheng finally finished introducing his subject in about half an hour.

However, this is not the end, but just the beginning of the defense.

After Zhou Cheng finished speaking, the audience was still silent.

Defense defense, there must be questions and answers, this is the defense process.My simple introduction only entered the critical stage of the defense link.

The defense committee members in the defense seat will ask questions one by one, maybe only one question, but generally at least one question, this cannot be escaped.

After Zhou Cheng finished speaking, he noticed that Cai Dongfan was beside him, his eyes flickered, and he began to get nervous.

He glanced at the several people sitting there, including Gui Yuanping, who were writing and drawing in their notebooks, as if they were preparing for their own problems and making a "fatal blow".

In fact, according to the real defense process, if the respondent could not solve the problem, Cai Dongfan had to fight with the others.

But Cai Dongfan?

Zhou Cheng saw that An Ruo was sitting there in an orderly manner, and then both Lao Zhou and Lao Xiang felt very happy and gave themselves a thumbs up as a sign of encouragement.

I told you before that during this process, don't applaud. When you see other people applauding, applaud again.

That is the part of thanking the defense judges.

Yang Yifeng had already sat down, with a smile on his face, he didn't know if he was teasing the girl next to him, but he didn't even look in Zhou Cheng's direction.

Du Yanjun, an iron tool man.

After giving Zhou Cheng a slight pause for a minute, Lei Zhong said very formally: "Dear chairman of the defense, and all the defense judges, according to the defense process stipulated by our school, now Zhou Cheng, a student of our school, has completed his own defense project. the introductory part."

"Next, I would like to ask all the defense committee members to give corresponding guidance based on Zhou Cheng's defense explanation. Please ask the defense chairman to arrange the order of the guidance."

Lei Zhong said it very politely, but he also knew that this time the defense was very formal, and he would never let Zhou Cheng and Gui Yuanping go because of their relationship with Zeng Diwei.

Gui Yuanping was the first to bear the brunt, and sorted out his notebook, which recorded numerous questions, raised his head with a serious expression, and could not tell at all that he was Teacher Zhou Cheng.

Toured around: "The respondent has completed his project introduction, let's start to follow the process, I will start and I will put forward some of my opinions based on the completion of the respondent's project."

"This defense process is in the form of question and answer, so."

"During the course of the defense, the respondent is not allowed to leave the venue."

"You can also apply for 1 minute to 3 minutes to sort out your thoughts." Gui Yuanping said seriously to Zhou Cheng.

Zhou Cheng smiled and nodded: "Thank you teacher."

Then he continued to close his eyes and meditate for half a minute before saying, "Teachers, I'm ready."

Gui Yuanping went straight to the point without hesitation: "Student, according to your previous introduction, HK2 belongs to the first entry pathway of glycolysis, and this step is the first pathway for glucose to complete glycolysis."

"Then, have you ever considered that when you design this subject pathway, after HK2 is silenced, it will affect the survival of normal tissues?"

"Currently, most of the anti-tumor drugs in clinical practice are more lethal to normal cells. Will your impact be greater?"

Gui Yuanping was really ruthless, and directly killed the first pathway molecule that appeared in Zhou Cheng's project!
If Zhou Cheng couldn't give a more perfect explanation for this question, this defense would be a pure farce!

If you continue to study the access without any practical significance, it will be a waste of money!no need.

Zhou Cheng had thought about this question, but he never thought that Gui Yuanping would be the first to ask this question!
Taking a deep breath, Zhou Cheng said: "Teacher, this research group has considered your question in detail, and also checked relevant literature."

"So far, breast cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic head cancer and other tumor cells have confirmed the role of HK2 in related tumors. This is a question of the credibility of the source of this pathway."

"Secondly, I mentioned it in the review, including my introduction in the background. In the current related research, there has been a precedent for the complete knockout of HK2, and the living animals still survived normally. This represents the targeted knockout After the addition of HK2, it will not affect the safety of normal cell activity and tissue activity on a large scale."

"Third, according to the in vivo experiments conducted by our research group, knocking out the HK2 pathway of osteosarcoma did not cause adverse damage to tissues such as liver and kidney in living mouse cells. This part, during my experiment, There is also a corresponding detailed description."

"Therefore, HK2 as...is reasonable, and it also has a certain degree of safety and reliability. Of course, this research group has not conducted corresponding experiments on human bodies, and there is no previous research. test."

"Considering the species variation between animals and humans, it is not ruled out that there may be the situation you mentioned, this is what this research group will conduct in-depth research in the future."

"Thank you teacher." Zhou Cheng replied with a smile.

Humans are different from animals.

However, both humans and animals have glycolysis pathways, both of which are HK2. After knocking out, animals can completely survive. This is the existence of past, recognized, and repeated experiments.

Our project is only to prove the influence of HK2 on osteosarcoma cells and in vivo experiments. This issue has not been studied in depth yet.

Naturally, this issue is not within the scope of consideration for the time being.

Gui Yuanping was also writing and drawing while Yang Yifeng was recording something very formally.

Moreover, Zhou Cheng also saw that Zhang Xingze and the others seemed to have scratched something away, maybe this question had already been listed in the questions they were about to ask.

Before Gui Yuanping finished asking, he asked a second question.

"According to the description of your project, HK2 is a broad-spectrum target, and its antagonists have a wide range of lethality. How did you avoid this problem in the animal experiments?"

"In more detail, did you simply use the HK2 silencer to treat sarcoma cells, then inject them into animals, and simply observe the growth of osteosarcoma?"

"You didn't give a more detailed description in your thesis." Gui Yuanping's face was stern, and he couldn't see any intention of protecting the calf.

This question is very detailed. If Zhou Cheng hadn't mixed up in the laboratory, it is estimated that his mother would not even know this shot.

"Thank you teacher for asking." Zhou Cheng pursed his lips after hearing the words.

After thinking for ten seconds, he replied: "This experimental group, the goal of this project is to confirm the influence of HK2 on the activity of osteosarcoma cells in osteosarcoma cells."

"Therefore, the osteosarcoma cells were directly treated with the silencer, and the effect of the growth activity of the osteosarcoma cells was observed in vivo. The results were objective and impressive."

"As for the route of administration you raised, Mr. Gui, this should be a task in the next step of the animal experiment research project, which belongs to the study of the killing effect and killing range of HK2 antagonists on normal tumors in vivo."

"Because, when our research group conducted this experiment, they did not know the specific role of HK2 in osteosarcoma cells. Therefore, directly considering the route of administration is a rootless tree."

"If this step is directly considered, the stride will be too large and a certain degree of resources will be wasted. Therefore, based on prudent considerations, this step has not been achieved."

"But after the experiment is over, we are already discussing this issue. From my review, it can be seen that our research group is searching for the corresponding and most reasonable way to deal with it. Thank you, teacher."

Reply Reply.

Answering without arguing, I didn’t know about this situation before. If you find out the loopholes in my process, I will tell you about the process problem. This step is too advanced. If you do it in advance, it will only waste time, experience and funds.

This is not desirable.

You can't say that even immortals don't exist, so you have to go to cultivate immortals.

Too advanced, jumping movements, easy to pull the egg.

This requires an in-depth understanding and understanding of the topic in order to be able to make up for this loophole.

Gui Yuanping didn't say that this answer was unreliable, but just continued to ask.

"The third question is that HK2 can do it. Why don't you consider making it a more downstream and safer LDH?" Gui Yuanping asked.

As the saying goes, it is okay to kill, but not to punish one's heart.

In fact, the reason for studying HK2 is because others have been researched by others!
LDH (lactate dehydrogenase)-related factors are safer. Only cells undergoing glycolysis will have such things. Tumor cells are super-reproductive cells...

Energy cannot be replaced in the process of reproduction, and everything needs to rely on energy.

Zhou Cheng breathed a sigh of relief. Although the matter was like this, he definitely couldn't answer that way. If he answered that way, he would be beaten to death.

Zhou Cheng said: "According to the process of glycolysis, we will find that there are many other influencing factors and bypass pathways between the HK2 and LDH pathways."

"In fact, according to the data inquired by our research group, the energy source of osteosarcoma cells, or most cells, is not complete glycolysis, but the accumulation of a small amount of GDP generated during glycolysis. "

"Moreover, osteosarcoma cells have fibroblast-like commonality, and some osteosarcoma cells will rupture and die, providing intermediate products for active osteosarcoma cells."

"If it only targets LDH, then a large number of intermediate products will provide a large amount of nutrient base for the surviving osteosarcoma cells, and then pass through the bypass pathway to digest without aerobic oxidation and provide energy..."

(I can’t talk about it in the follow-up. If you are interested, you can check the relevant literature.)
……

Glycolysis has many steps.

HK2 is the first step and LDH is the last step.

The intermediate product can also become one of the culprits, so I will directly kill the source. This principle is easy to understand. Naturally, Zhou Cheng has also worked hard on this subject.

Shoot people first, shoot horses, and capture thieves first.

"Therefore, this research group set out to solve this problem at the source, for the sake of prudence."

"Energy is the basis of all movement and the root of life activities."

"Thank you, teacher." Zhou Cheng continued to bow his head in thanks without saying anything more.

Gui Yuanping spread out his notebook slightly, and silently put down his pen.His three sharp spearheads were all solved by Zhou Cheng, any more would be to make things difficult on purpose.

Then he smiled and said, "Professor Zeng, I have finished asking my questions. I think this topic is quite good. What do you think?"

Zeng Diwei is also an old acquaintance of Zhou Cheng.

At this moment, he also pursed his throat, and smiled: "I don't have as many questions as Professor Gui. I only ask one question based on what you answered Zhou Cheng today."

"I see that the content in your review is very rich. But I remember that you yourself are not a specialist in orthopedics. Some of the constructive opinions you put forward in it are based on your own inferences based on relevant references. .”

"Or, did you learn from it?"

Zeng Diwei's question immediately raised everyone's ears, and some people who were not familiar with it hurriedly opened the review to take a look.

For example, Zhang Xingze, who was born in trauma surgery, has participated in countless defenses.

Summary, basically no one has paid attention to it.

However, as soon as he read it, Zhang Xingze frowned, and when he went to read it carefully, he immediately gasped...

Then, the immersion became irresistible.

Looking at it, it was almost ten minutes.

Zhang Xingze heard someone calling him.

"professor Zhang?"

"professor Zhang?"

Then Yan Xuedong, who was sitting next to Zhang Xingze, touched Zhang Xingze.

Zhang Xingze trembled, like a goose that raised its head proudly.

"Professor Zhang, it's time for you to ask a question." Yan Xuedong smiled, not really offended.

Everyone was at the same level, and Zhang Xingze didn't even have to ask any questions, just taking the appearance fee this time.

Zhang Xingze's scalp was a little numb. He was so fascinated by watching it just now, he didn't hear clearly what questions Yan Xuedong and Professor Zhang Lei asked.

But after such a long time, they must have asked a lot of questions.

Considering that there was a repetition of the problem before.

Therefore, Zhang Xingze simply gave up on asking questions, and closed his notebook: "Professor Gui, there is nothing wrong with me, I just hope that when I am perfecting this paper, I can be more detailed and have some small mistakes. If you haven’t found it in time, you can correct it a little bit.”

"Even if it is innocuous, this paper will be followed for a lifetime."

"I hope you will seriously look back at your own articles."

Professor Zhang Xingze only raised some relatively simple questions, so he gave up asking questions this time.

"Thank you, teacher." Zhou Cheng continued to cup his fists in thanks.

"I have no other questions." Zhang Xingze stated.

Lei Zhong continued to ask: "Other defense committee members, do you have any other questions about Zhou Cheng's defense?"

"If not, this defense will enter the discussion of the defense committee."

Old Gui shook his head.

Lei Zhong immediately began to arrange people to start clearing the field.

Zhou Cheng got off the main stage, but no one turned off his PPT. He left the classroom and needed to avoid it.

Zhou Cheng was immediately held in the hands of Lao Zhou and Lao Xiang, laughing loudly.

"Son, you were so handsome just now!" Lao Xiang praised.

Lao Zhou nodded: "Not bad, not bad. This dress is also very nice."

"Why are you sweating so much?" Lao Zhou touched Zhou Cheng's back and it was soaked!

Of course he was drenched, even Gui Yuanping and Zeng Diwei pricked his heart, how could he not be nervous?A dozen questions almost sent him away. Fortunately, he had enough background to answer all of them.

You can't throw the problem to Cai Dongfan, of course there is no way.

"Too nervous." Zhou Cheng replied, but his eyes were deep, and he was still worried about one thing.

"Brother Zhou Cheng, everything is recorded, just wait for the recording and take a group photo with other defense judges later." Du Yanjun happily reported the situation to Zhou Cheng.

However, Yang Yifeng walked over with a smile: "Zhou Cheng, congratulations! Wait a minute, I guess you still have to be busy."

Yang Yifeng's tone was deep.

Zhou Cheng's eyes were startled, he actually knew?
Yang Yifeng would know?

Did he hang up too?
……

After everyone leaves.

Elder Zeng, who was sitting next to Gui Yuanping, suddenly added another sentence: "Actually, the depth of this paper and the things it has done are quite a lot, and the quality is also very high."

"I suggest that it is entirely possible to add something and directly award a doctorate."

"Professor Gui, what do you mean?"

"Kang Dang!" Zeng Diwei's words made Cai Dongfan shudder, and threw the water glass on his table to the ground, followed by a slap in the face.

Shake his head.

Busily stood up and bowed to apologize, saying, "I'm sorry, I'm sorry!"

Then it's time to clean up the debris.

Lei Zhong smiled and said, "Director Cai, don't be nervous. Although our hospital is poor, we can afford to pay for the cups. Someone will clean them later."

"In the next discussion session, you, as the respondent's instructor, have to avoid it."

"Sorry, please cooperate."

Cai Dongfan immediately cursed in his heart:

I'm jealous of your lady, why didn't you let me avoid it earlier?
After standing up, I looked at everyone, everyone's expressions seemed to be agreed, everyone knew, I guess I was the only one who didn't know, right?
Iron tool man, put me out?

I is convex by (‵o′).

Cai Dongfan's eyes were narrowed into a line, his eyebrows were bristling and he walked out.

It was the first time he participated in the defense as a mentor, and no one invited him to the defense before, so he didn't know that he was going to avoid it, and no one reminded him.

Lei Zhong didn't say anything, it must be intentional.

Mom!
What the hell did I do, why should I bear all this.

Zhou Cheng——

PhD……

Cai Dongfan's heart became confused.

Relax, relax, I'm a tool guy.

Don't be afraid, don't be afraid.

Ps: Ask for a monthly pass!

　PS: During the defense process, it’s better to be concise and concise. It’s not that you can’t write it. If you write it, you probably won’t be able to understand it.So, just to answer a few questions symbolically.

　　Second, next, is the wonderful moment.

　　
　
(End of this chapter)