Great Leaving the Night's Watch
Chapter 172 Private international law should be introduced at this time!
Chapter 172 Private international law should be introduced at this time!
At the junction of Chang'an and Luoyang, there is a Luo River, also known as Luoshui, which is very long and runs across from east to west.
Chang'an and Luoyang are the richest places in the world, and there is an endless stream of business travelers from various countries.
Not only these hostile countries, but also merchant ships from Persia, Tianzhu, and Dashi Kingdom also came to Dali Dynasty to do business.
The legal systems of each region are different and often conflict with each other.
Because of the war, the trade route from Chang'an to Luoyang was cut off, and the merchants could not do business and could only lose money.
After Shi Bin pacified Chang'an, the river transportation was also opened, and he could continue to do business.
The merchants were extremely happy, and a nest of peaks poured in.
For Dali Dynasty, it is a matter of mutual benefit with other countries.
They shipped local specialties to Dali, and Dali shipped silk, tea, and porcelain to foreign countries with ten times the profit.
But in the second half of this month, a major event happened, which triggered protests by business travelers from various countries.
Some of them wrapped their heads with handkerchiefs, some had bruised noses and faces, and some had bruises on their bodies.
Obviously there was a big conflict, and no one could convince anyone, so His Majesty the Emperor of Dali Dynasty was asked to make a ruling.
When the Sanfa Division received the case, it was also dumbfounded.
Because this case involved a foreign country, this group of officials who memorized the law and were proficient in writing and writing were at a loss this time.
The case is as follows:
The imperial merchants who came out of the Lan Kingdom bought a huge amount of silk in the Dali Dynasty and wanted to transport it to the Tiantu Kingdom and Huantu Kingdom.
They have a lot of money and a large quantity, so the price is favorable.
The other two countries have less money than him and cannot get such a price.
So they would rather transfer part of the profits than buy products from Lan Country.
After all, if you want less goods, Dalichao has no obligation to take care of you.
This is like when you go to the manufacturer to pick up the goods as a consumer, and they sell at least [-] copies. If you say that I am an ordinary consumer and only buy one piece, you can give it to me at the wholesale price, and they will say that you are sick.
They also did business with Liang Guo before.
Now everyone was fooled by Shi Bin and broke up with Liang Guo.
In fact, it's not all because of Shi Bin's great energy, but because Liang Guo is too greedy and only cares about grabbing territory for himself, letting the younger brothers die in vain, spending money and food in vain, and not giving benefits.
So when it is inconvenient to retaliate, no one speaks.
Once Shi Bin provoked and even took the initiative to attack Liang Guo, other people would also attack him.
So if you want to blame it, you can blame the two generations of monarchs of the Liang Kingdom for being too crotch, neither the father nor the son.
The pattern is too poor.
Anyway, now that the quarrel with Liang Guo is broken, it doesn't matter who is right and who is wrong, and it is meaningless to talk about it.
But, the big merchants who came out of Lan Kingdom are imperial merchants, they have plenty of money, and they purchase a huge amount.
I used to be friends with Liang Guo, and I crossed the border at will.
Now that the relationship is broken, you can't pass through other people's territory, right?
It's not my fault if I don't snatch you to death.
It would be strange not to kill all your people.
What should I do?
detour.
But what about the extra transportation costs and other costs for such a long and large circle?
That's all there is to risk.
Is it yours, or mine?
According to the law of Chulan Country, this situation is a change of circumstances, and the other party must increase the money.
But according to the laws of the Huantu Kingdom...
The quality of the country's officials is extremely low, and they scolded when they came up: "Add your mother... There is no such law in my dynasty. According to the laws of our country, this kind of thing belongs to the clause of God's destiny. It means that God makes you deserve it. It's superfluous." The money, you bear it yourself."
As for the laws of Tiantu Kingdom, it stipulates: "As long as you are late, and the bulk goods are delivered late, which hurts the interests of the people in the country, you will be fined 500 taels of silver. As for the reason, it doesn't matter."
If it's five cents, that's fine, no one will be idle and waste time in this lawsuit with you for such a small amount of money.
500 taels of silver, that is not a decimal number.
Of course, Chulan Country's Royal Merchant was not willing to pay this money.
In his capacity, of course, there is no shortage of this money.
But it's sensitive.
He was doing business as an imperial merchant, and if he was fined, people would say that he would be fined 500 taels if he left the country of Lan.
Not even a penny!
Being punished by the imperial court and losing such a big face, no one can bear this crime!
In fact, Persia and other countries also have similar regulations, no delay, and fines for delay.
Now things are stuck here.
People from several parties insisted on their own opinions, couldn't explain it at all, got agitated, abused each other, and finally fought in Chang'an City, the capital.
each injured.
Breaking off diplomatic relations with Liang Guo caused so many troubles.
Not being able to go to Liangjing means not being able to go by land, but being forced by fate to go by water.
But the waterway is suitable for another mode of transportation.
Delivery to the carrier.
The ownership of the cargo is transferred over the ship's rail.
Bill of lading or warehouse receipt instead of payment.
Guaranteed by the reputation of the imperial court.
Dali imperial court accepted it with bank notes.
The sea merchants demand to follow their own principles, and the land merchants say that you are bullshit.
No one could tell, and finally someone suggested: "It is said that Emperor Sheng Cong of Dali is very talented, has extraordinary skills, and is also a genius in law. Why don't you ask him to judge?"
Immediately someone echoed: "That's right, we are in other people's territory now, how can we fight back and forth like this? After another ten years of fighting, even killing people, there will be no results. We might as well listen to His Majesty the Emperor Dali!" "
The fights were fierce, but it was pretty quick to reach a consensus.
They delivered name stabs (ancient business cards made of wood) to Shangshu of the Ministry of Rites and put forward their demands.
These people are all nobles. Although they are foreigners, Dali has close ties with foreign countries.
He has been reporting to Lord Shangshu, but he can't make a decision, so he can only vote to Prime Minister Chen Feng.
Chen Feng also couldn't make a decision on this matter, so he had to say: "This matter can only be based on the emperor's opinion."
Di Gong also sighed: "If even the emperor can't solve this matter, then I guess no one can solve this matter."
Xiao Fei said: "The point is that it's too messy, like a tongue twister. One person said to take this as the standard, and the other person said to take that as the standard, and they conflicted with each other. Several parties expressed their opinions. No one in this group of dignitaries Who is the master, if you don't fight, you will be blamed."
Emperor Shi Bin of Dali publicly heard the case in order to popularize the law and to declare the majesty of Dali to all countries in the world.
The main officials of the six ministries and nine officials all attended the case.
The newly established civil hall was overcrowded, and the outside was even more crowded with people watching the excitement.
There are two major tribunals in Dali, one for criminal and the other for civil.
Civil matters include commercial matters.
That is to say, what Shi Bin is currently adopting is the legislative model of integrating civil and commercial affairs.
Because in this era, commercial affairs are relatively less than civil affairs.
It is not worth opening a commercial court for it.
Emperor Dali was the chief judge, and the other administrators, judges, and supervisors all sat behind him.
The business envoy of Tiantu State is the plaintiff.
Because this guy is out of luck.
I went out to roam that day, drank too much, practiced martial arts with my subordinates, and flashed my legs.
Walking with a limp was hard enough.
When they came back, they caught up with the royal merchants of the Chulan Kingdom and the big merchants of the Huantu Kingdom with assets of over [-] million. The quarrel became more and more fierce, and then they greeted each other's [-]th generation women, and then they started fighting.
If you do it, just do it, you must be on time.
At this time, the Tiantu Guoshang envoy limped through the two of them. The two guys were fighting fiercely, and when they got anxious, one of them punched the Tiantu Guoshang envoy. His head was hit, his nose was crooked, and his mouth Also slanted.
The crippled brother cursed: "What a f*cking bad luck!"
Then he was taken off by his subordinates and went to recuperate.
After recovering from the injury, no one came to apologize.
Everyone is the top rich man in the country, whoever beats you, if you fight, you will fight.
It's your pleasure to hit you.
So the lame brother was furious, and led his men to beat the emperor of Tiantu Kingdom into a pig's head, and dug a pot of treasure from the toilet, and put it on the head of the merchant of Huantu Kingdom.
You both hit me, why do you treat them differently when you retaliate?
Because the imperial merchants are related to the emperor of their country, when they vent their anger, they have to follow the principle that beating a dog depends on the owner.
Ordinary merchants don't care about you. If you have money, you will have money. If you have money, go across your country. Don't come here to pretend.
So different people are treated differently.
So the merchants of the three countries took turns to fight each other, and the Persian merchant and the big food merchant said in broken Chinese: "Oh, what kind of quality is this?"
"It's like wearing a monkey and getting the crown."
The Tianzhu businessman clasped his hands together and said: "In the hometown of Confucius and Mencius, doing this is really a disgrace and an insult to gentleness!"
The merchants of the Three Kingdoms heard it, too.
After all, everyone is a shameless person, so someone suggested that since no one can convince the other party, let the emperor of Dali Kingdom rule.
In the majestic Dali Temple Judgment Hall, Shi Bin read all the files and asked all the businessmen from various countries the cause and effect, and said: "This matter must fully respect the sovereignty of all countries."
The Emperor Shang of the Chulan Kingdom said: "His Majesty the Emperor Dali is really wise! The villain doesn't care about the loss, but this envoy represents the imperial court, so don't disgrace the imperial court!"
He was right, and he was right.
But people from other countries also say the same.
So that's why everyone suffers.
To respect our country's laws, we must not apply your country's laws.
No matter how it is done, someone (the country) will have to lose face.
Shi Bin patted the table and said, "Quiet!"
Everyone was silent.
Shi Bin announced his approach:
"In order to resolve this matter perfectly and respect the sovereignty of all countries, private international law should be guided."
(End of this chapter)
At the junction of Chang'an and Luoyang, there is a Luo River, also known as Luoshui, which is very long and runs across from east to west.
Chang'an and Luoyang are the richest places in the world, and there is an endless stream of business travelers from various countries.
Not only these hostile countries, but also merchant ships from Persia, Tianzhu, and Dashi Kingdom also came to Dali Dynasty to do business.
The legal systems of each region are different and often conflict with each other.
Because of the war, the trade route from Chang'an to Luoyang was cut off, and the merchants could not do business and could only lose money.
After Shi Bin pacified Chang'an, the river transportation was also opened, and he could continue to do business.
The merchants were extremely happy, and a nest of peaks poured in.
For Dali Dynasty, it is a matter of mutual benefit with other countries.
They shipped local specialties to Dali, and Dali shipped silk, tea, and porcelain to foreign countries with ten times the profit.
But in the second half of this month, a major event happened, which triggered protests by business travelers from various countries.
Some of them wrapped their heads with handkerchiefs, some had bruised noses and faces, and some had bruises on their bodies.
Obviously there was a big conflict, and no one could convince anyone, so His Majesty the Emperor of Dali Dynasty was asked to make a ruling.
When the Sanfa Division received the case, it was also dumbfounded.
Because this case involved a foreign country, this group of officials who memorized the law and were proficient in writing and writing were at a loss this time.
The case is as follows:
The imperial merchants who came out of the Lan Kingdom bought a huge amount of silk in the Dali Dynasty and wanted to transport it to the Tiantu Kingdom and Huantu Kingdom.
They have a lot of money and a large quantity, so the price is favorable.
The other two countries have less money than him and cannot get such a price.
So they would rather transfer part of the profits than buy products from Lan Country.
After all, if you want less goods, Dalichao has no obligation to take care of you.
This is like when you go to the manufacturer to pick up the goods as a consumer, and they sell at least [-] copies. If you say that I am an ordinary consumer and only buy one piece, you can give it to me at the wholesale price, and they will say that you are sick.
They also did business with Liang Guo before.
Now everyone was fooled by Shi Bin and broke up with Liang Guo.
In fact, it's not all because of Shi Bin's great energy, but because Liang Guo is too greedy and only cares about grabbing territory for himself, letting the younger brothers die in vain, spending money and food in vain, and not giving benefits.
So when it is inconvenient to retaliate, no one speaks.
Once Shi Bin provoked and even took the initiative to attack Liang Guo, other people would also attack him.
So if you want to blame it, you can blame the two generations of monarchs of the Liang Kingdom for being too crotch, neither the father nor the son.
The pattern is too poor.
Anyway, now that the quarrel with Liang Guo is broken, it doesn't matter who is right and who is wrong, and it is meaningless to talk about it.
But, the big merchants who came out of Lan Kingdom are imperial merchants, they have plenty of money, and they purchase a huge amount.
I used to be friends with Liang Guo, and I crossed the border at will.
Now that the relationship is broken, you can't pass through other people's territory, right?
It's not my fault if I don't snatch you to death.
It would be strange not to kill all your people.
What should I do?
detour.
But what about the extra transportation costs and other costs for such a long and large circle?
That's all there is to risk.
Is it yours, or mine?
According to the law of Chulan Country, this situation is a change of circumstances, and the other party must increase the money.
But according to the laws of the Huantu Kingdom...
The quality of the country's officials is extremely low, and they scolded when they came up: "Add your mother... There is no such law in my dynasty. According to the laws of our country, this kind of thing belongs to the clause of God's destiny. It means that God makes you deserve it. It's superfluous." The money, you bear it yourself."
As for the laws of Tiantu Kingdom, it stipulates: "As long as you are late, and the bulk goods are delivered late, which hurts the interests of the people in the country, you will be fined 500 taels of silver. As for the reason, it doesn't matter."
If it's five cents, that's fine, no one will be idle and waste time in this lawsuit with you for such a small amount of money.
500 taels of silver, that is not a decimal number.
Of course, Chulan Country's Royal Merchant was not willing to pay this money.
In his capacity, of course, there is no shortage of this money.
But it's sensitive.
He was doing business as an imperial merchant, and if he was fined, people would say that he would be fined 500 taels if he left the country of Lan.
Not even a penny!
Being punished by the imperial court and losing such a big face, no one can bear this crime!
In fact, Persia and other countries also have similar regulations, no delay, and fines for delay.
Now things are stuck here.
People from several parties insisted on their own opinions, couldn't explain it at all, got agitated, abused each other, and finally fought in Chang'an City, the capital.
each injured.
Breaking off diplomatic relations with Liang Guo caused so many troubles.
Not being able to go to Liangjing means not being able to go by land, but being forced by fate to go by water.
But the waterway is suitable for another mode of transportation.
Delivery to the carrier.
The ownership of the cargo is transferred over the ship's rail.
Bill of lading or warehouse receipt instead of payment.
Guaranteed by the reputation of the imperial court.
Dali imperial court accepted it with bank notes.
The sea merchants demand to follow their own principles, and the land merchants say that you are bullshit.
No one could tell, and finally someone suggested: "It is said that Emperor Sheng Cong of Dali is very talented, has extraordinary skills, and is also a genius in law. Why don't you ask him to judge?"
Immediately someone echoed: "That's right, we are in other people's territory now, how can we fight back and forth like this? After another ten years of fighting, even killing people, there will be no results. We might as well listen to His Majesty the Emperor Dali!" "
The fights were fierce, but it was pretty quick to reach a consensus.
They delivered name stabs (ancient business cards made of wood) to Shangshu of the Ministry of Rites and put forward their demands.
These people are all nobles. Although they are foreigners, Dali has close ties with foreign countries.
He has been reporting to Lord Shangshu, but he can't make a decision, so he can only vote to Prime Minister Chen Feng.
Chen Feng also couldn't make a decision on this matter, so he had to say: "This matter can only be based on the emperor's opinion."
Di Gong also sighed: "If even the emperor can't solve this matter, then I guess no one can solve this matter."
Xiao Fei said: "The point is that it's too messy, like a tongue twister. One person said to take this as the standard, and the other person said to take that as the standard, and they conflicted with each other. Several parties expressed their opinions. No one in this group of dignitaries Who is the master, if you don't fight, you will be blamed."
Emperor Shi Bin of Dali publicly heard the case in order to popularize the law and to declare the majesty of Dali to all countries in the world.
The main officials of the six ministries and nine officials all attended the case.
The newly established civil hall was overcrowded, and the outside was even more crowded with people watching the excitement.
There are two major tribunals in Dali, one for criminal and the other for civil.
Civil matters include commercial matters.
That is to say, what Shi Bin is currently adopting is the legislative model of integrating civil and commercial affairs.
Because in this era, commercial affairs are relatively less than civil affairs.
It is not worth opening a commercial court for it.
Emperor Dali was the chief judge, and the other administrators, judges, and supervisors all sat behind him.
The business envoy of Tiantu State is the plaintiff.
Because this guy is out of luck.
I went out to roam that day, drank too much, practiced martial arts with my subordinates, and flashed my legs.
Walking with a limp was hard enough.
When they came back, they caught up with the royal merchants of the Chulan Kingdom and the big merchants of the Huantu Kingdom with assets of over [-] million. The quarrel became more and more fierce, and then they greeted each other's [-]th generation women, and then they started fighting.
If you do it, just do it, you must be on time.
At this time, the Tiantu Guoshang envoy limped through the two of them. The two guys were fighting fiercely, and when they got anxious, one of them punched the Tiantu Guoshang envoy. His head was hit, his nose was crooked, and his mouth Also slanted.
The crippled brother cursed: "What a f*cking bad luck!"
Then he was taken off by his subordinates and went to recuperate.
After recovering from the injury, no one came to apologize.
Everyone is the top rich man in the country, whoever beats you, if you fight, you will fight.
It's your pleasure to hit you.
So the lame brother was furious, and led his men to beat the emperor of Tiantu Kingdom into a pig's head, and dug a pot of treasure from the toilet, and put it on the head of the merchant of Huantu Kingdom.
You both hit me, why do you treat them differently when you retaliate?
Because the imperial merchants are related to the emperor of their country, when they vent their anger, they have to follow the principle that beating a dog depends on the owner.
Ordinary merchants don't care about you. If you have money, you will have money. If you have money, go across your country. Don't come here to pretend.
So different people are treated differently.
So the merchants of the three countries took turns to fight each other, and the Persian merchant and the big food merchant said in broken Chinese: "Oh, what kind of quality is this?"
"It's like wearing a monkey and getting the crown."
The Tianzhu businessman clasped his hands together and said: "In the hometown of Confucius and Mencius, doing this is really a disgrace and an insult to gentleness!"
The merchants of the Three Kingdoms heard it, too.
After all, everyone is a shameless person, so someone suggested that since no one can convince the other party, let the emperor of Dali Kingdom rule.
In the majestic Dali Temple Judgment Hall, Shi Bin read all the files and asked all the businessmen from various countries the cause and effect, and said: "This matter must fully respect the sovereignty of all countries."
The Emperor Shang of the Chulan Kingdom said: "His Majesty the Emperor Dali is really wise! The villain doesn't care about the loss, but this envoy represents the imperial court, so don't disgrace the imperial court!"
He was right, and he was right.
But people from other countries also say the same.
So that's why everyone suffers.
To respect our country's laws, we must not apply your country's laws.
No matter how it is done, someone (the country) will have to lose face.
Shi Bin patted the table and said, "Quiet!"
Everyone was silent.
Shi Bin announced his approach:
"In order to resolve this matter perfectly and respect the sovereignty of all countries, private international law should be guided."
(End of this chapter)
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