Haisheng Mingdi

Chapter 690 Self-operated Huangzhuang
Baita Temple.

During the Wanli period, Lu Wangfu built a temple at the foot of Panlong Mountain. The white pagoda was built with white stones inside the temple.

"This is the temple your grandfather built."

Zhu Shouyong is the son of Zhu Yitan, the sixth king of Lu, and the younger brother of the seventh and eighth king of Lu. The king, the six sons of Yihai, was the king of Lu for the eleventh generation, and now he is the emperor, so Zhu Shouyong was honored as the emperor of the ancestors.

Zhu Yihai's grandfather, Zhu Yitan, was a filial and kind vassal king. He often helped the victims of disasters and received seven awards from the court. Affected by it, Zhu Shouyong was also a benevolent and virtuous county king. , sent people to the Sanyuan Palace in Yuntai Mountain many times to pay tribute to property.

Dongye Village at the foot of Panlong Mountain was also the estate of King Lu’s Mansion, and it was later assigned to Zhu Shouyong, who would come here occasionally, and later built the Baita Temple at the foot of the mountain.

It's just that everything is different now.

The Baita Temple is still there, but all the monks in the temple have disappeared. The gold paint on the Buddha statues in the original temple has also been scraped off, leaving the broken Buddha statues, revealing the clay puppets inside.

There is not a single bronze Buddha statue left.

The village at the foot of the mountain was very lively. Zhu Shouyong succeeded as Queen of Lu, and gave Zhu Yihai the Zhuangzi and the manors at the foot of Yunshan Mountain, Siji Mountain, Crouching Tiger Mountain, Jiulong Mountain, and Huangshan Mountain across the Liao River. This concubine six sons.

The Prince of Lu’s Mansion has closed Yanzhou for more than 200 years, and owns various fields equivalent to more than [-] hectares. These farmlands of the Prince’s Mansion are divided into villages, factories, camps, villages, halls, villages, and villages. They are all tenant villages of the Prince’s Mansion.

In the past, these Wangzhuangs were also rented out, and only a small part of them were planted with slaves or hired long-term laborers.

There used to be more than 200 tenant households in Baitasi Village, with [-] mu of land. Not all of these lands are registered fertile land, but only a small part of them. Many lands are barren land, mountainous land, river beach land, etc.

In terms of location, Baitasi Village and others are right at the junction of Ciyang, Qufu, and Zouxian counties in Yanzhou. These mountains have become the highlands of these three counties, where the Liaohe River and Baima River both originate.

After Zhu Yihai fled to the south, the farmland of Prince Lu's Mansion was also occupied by tenants, and more powerful people such as the Kong family colluded with local officials of the Qing court to buy them at various low prices, and even directly reported famine for occupation.

However, after Zhu Yihai regained Shandong, he also mercilessly cleaned up the fields, not only the Zhuangtian of Lu Wangfu, but also all the military settlements and official fields.

The land of King Lu’s Mansion was also taken back, but Zhu Yihai only kept [-]% of the land, and the remaining [-]% was sold to the imperial court to become an official, and then used as post rent, public rent, school rent, and other public leases, and the rest was sold to Soldiers, officials, etc.

He reserved [-] hectares of land in Shandong as Huangzhuang farmland, and set up a total of [-] Zhuangzi in various counties and towns.

Among them, the 54 hectares of Zhuangzi in the three counties of Cixian, Qufu, and Zouxian are all in this chain of mountains such as Panlong Mountain, and they are basically his own Zhuangtian.

There are six farmlands in total, [-] mu of land. The six Zhuangzi originally had more than these lands. For example, Baitasi Village has [-] mu of land, Zhu Yihai’s Zhuangzi reserved [-] mu of land, and the remaining [-] mu of land , is to enter the official, and then sell it to the original tenants here.

"Are these our tenants?"

"Well, Baita Temple has now resettled 1000 households, with a population of more than [-]. The imperial court sold them land at a price, and each household sold [-] acres of land. In addition to the [-] acres of land that our village took, there are Take [-] mu from the surrounding official farmland and sell them at a reduced price, Shangtian only sells it for three taels, Zhongtian two, and Xiatian one tael, and it will be repaid in ten years, with the capital first and the interest last.”

This kind of price change is equivalent to zero down payment and ten-year installments. In the first ten years, only the principal needs to be repaid in installments, and the interest is only paid when it is due. The interest is also low, only five points. In this era, such a land purchase method and interest The rate is the same as free gift.

For Zhu Yihai, this is the redistribution of means of production, breaking the serious annexation of land since the end of Ming Dynasty, and greatly alleviating social conflicts.

On the surface, it seems that the imperial court sells the official land that can collect rent at such a low price, and then changes to taxation later. The difference in income is four or five times, but in the long run it is very cost-effective.

Among the [-] households in Baitasi Village, some of them are old tenants, and they even know Zhu Yihai. After all, it used to be Zhu Yihai's and his son's estate, and they would come to live there for some time every year.

The emperor sold the land to them, six acres per family, although it was not enough to feed and clothe the family, but after all, he had his own six acres of land, and the emperor also arranged for the shortage of nine hundred acres of land in Huangzhuang, and hired them to do it. live.

Zhu Yihai did not directly lease them to them, but used another model. The emperor recruited crop leaders to be the managers of the farm, and there were also some managers under him, who together managed the slaves in the manor and the hired villagers to cultivate. During the busy season, some short-term workers can be hired temporarily.

This kind of employment model is actually a farm management model. Compared with the model of recruiting tenants and subcontracting, it is easier to take advantage of some advantages of collective management.

In particular, Zhu Yihai's village is not only planting grain. Of the [-] mu of land, only [-] mu of grain are planted, and wheat, grain, corn, soybeans, etc. are planted separately. The remaining [-] mu of land will be planted with peanut oil. Vegetables are used to extract oil, cotton, mulberry, hemp, and tobacco are grown. There are also small oil extraction workshops, rice milling workshops, tobacco curing workshops, textile workshops and other processing industries in Zhuangzi.

In addition to the [-] mu of land, Panlong Mountain is also attached to a manor, which is privately owned by the emperor, so tea, as well as various fruit trees and economic forests are planted on the mountain.

Although Shandong's soil and climate cannot grow high-quality tea, it is still no problem to grow medium and low-quality tea. It is not very profitable to grow tea on barren hills.

There is also fishing in the village.

Generally speaking, this is an agricultural model completely different from the collective farms of general family farming. It not only grows grain, but also engages in economic planting, processing, and even aquaculture.

The cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens, ducks, and geese raised can not only be sold for money, but more importantly, the manure can enrich the fields and increase food production, and the coarse grains such as sweet potatoes, potatoes, corn, and radishes planted on the barren slopes of their own mountains can be very good. It can be used for breeding, and the transformation of economical maximization is carried out.

Farms can even engage in breeding, selling piglets and chickens, etc.

Relatively speaking, it requires more technology and capital, but it is very suitable for big landlords, especially for the development of Huangzhuang.

Zhu Yihai's six villages together have [-] mu of land and six mountains. There are rivers, reservoirs, and ponds here, and the development prospects are not bad.

It was only last year that we won Yanzhou, established Zhuangzi, recruited Zhuangtou, Bashi, and recruited long-term and short-term workers. Now Zhuangzi has been thriving. Although there is still a big gap from the prosperity of the farm planned by the emperor, but now I just harvested summer wheat, and planted corn, soybeans, and sweet potatoes. The spring wheat and potatoes over there are also growing well.

Small pieces of tea leaves, fruit trees, and forest trees newly planted on the mountain are also growing well.

Oil mills, mills, and textile mills were also built. For example, many young women from nearby villagers were recruited to work in the textile mill, and some goods were distributed to the villagers' women to weave and process at home.

Those young women come to work in the workshop every morning, go home in the evening, get paid by piece, and settle the bill at the end of the month. Although the wages are not very high, it is very satisfying for the nearby villagers. For extra output, you only need to work, and you don't have to worry about other things.

And women who have to take care of the family can't leave home to work, but they can also work at home, and they can also benefit.

In addition to planting a few acres of their own land, men will also work on the farm. Whether they are doing farm work or doing things in the workshop or on the mountains, they are paid daily wages, and the wages for heavy work can be increased.

"Zhuangzi started to operate after the next year, and now he has invested a lot." When Zhuangtou faced the emperor, he was a little apprehensive. This Zhuangzi has so many lands and mountains and forests. As a result, it has been in operation for more than half a year, and it has not seen a penny of profit. I have already invested money, and I have already invested a lot of money.

But the emperor disagreed.

"Our Zhuangzi is not just farming, so the initial investment must be large, but it doesn't matter, there will be output if there is investment. In the long run, it is very cost-effective, and the money should be spent."

Each of the emperor's villages has appointed Zhuangtou and deputy Zhuangtou to manage them. In addition, there are offices in each provincial capital, which are responsible for planning and auditing. They will conduct regular inspections or unannounced visits, and various specific accounts will also be audited.

Even the Shaofu Supervisor will conduct regular audits.

The farm management model is different from the traditional tenant recruitment and contracting. This is a self-operated model, so the industrial model must also be diversified, not only farming but also breeding, and even some primary processing of agricultural products.

For example, those workshops not only process their own agricultural products, but also process the primary agricultural products of surrounding farmers to earn more added value.

This is actually the development direction of the farm self-employment model. The income from farming is meager and depends on the weather, which is very unstable and has a limited upper limit.

It is very difficult for ordinary people to engage in this kind of model. Firstly, resources such as land, mountains and forests are limited, and secondly, capital is limited, so at most they are men farming and women weaving, barely making ends meet, raising at most two pigs and a few chickens and ducks.

It is too advanced to let farmers unite to form cooperatives, so in this era, basically only big landlords, bureaucrats, emperor vassals, and relatives are able to establish such farms.

Shandong is now also divided into three sub-roads, Denglaiqingdao (Ludong), Wujitaidongdao (Lubei), Yancao Xuyidao (Lunan).

The Shaofu Supervisor has one hundred Huangzhuang in Shandong, and also has a general village head in Shandong, with offices, and each of the three prefectures has offices and stewards.They not only have the right to audit and supervise, but are also responsible for overall planning, such as how much land and forests to plant in Baitasi Village, and workshops such as building reservoirs, ditches, or milling houses, etc. The provincial office in front of you will make a report, and the higher-ups will send people to conduct on-the-spot inspections before making a review, and then report to the provincial office.

After the approval, the relevant money will be withdrawn. After the money is withdrawn, the village head has to prepare the expenditure accounts, etc. In short, Zhu Yihai is using the imperial court's set of procedures to develop his Huangzhuang.

Zhuangzi in various places not only farmed land, but also engaged in breeding, and even agricultural products and household industries. At the same time, they could also become the emperor's most important intelligence eyes and ears. Burden these, collect reports.

Zhu Yihai thinks it is entirely appropriate to invest more in the early stage.

"A mine was discovered under Panlong Mountain?"

"Well, I found coal and copper. I sent a report and sent someone to look at it. The copper mine is a small mine, but the coal mine is a large mine. The higher office seems to be planning to open the mine!"

Although most of Yanzhou is a plain, there are also some mountains, but there are not many mountains.

But now there are many reports on the discovery of coal mines in the newspapers, even with large reserves. In addition, some small gold mines, iron mines and copper mines have also been discovered, as well as a lot of brick and tile clay, which is suitable for building brick and ceramic kilns.

The income from mining is naturally very high, unless it is particularly difficult to mine.

Nowadays, the imperial government's policy on mineral resources is that all minerals are owned by the state, but the common people are allowed to mine them.However, you need to apply for a license in advance, and you need to pay a license tax for this license, and mines with different sizes of reserves also have requirements for mining. A certain amount of mining must be achieved, otherwise it is not enough to just occupy the mine, so you must Pay a security deposit first.

After mining, you have to pay the mining class.

Different mines have different taxes.

For example, gold and silver mines need to pay [-]% of the mining tax, and [-]% of copper, iron, lead, tin and coal.

In addition to the mining class, the minerals obtained after mining, after the mining class is completed, the remaining mines are not allowed to be sold freely, and must be purchased and sold in a unified manner, that is, the imperial court will purchase them uniformly.

Especially gold, silver, copper and iron, the imperial court allows you to mine to obtain certain benefits, but these minerals must be purchased and controlled by the imperial court after mining, especially those few important resources.

This means that the imperial court has to monopolize these important resources, and profits must also account for the bulk.

Mining can only take up a small part.

However, this year the emperor decreed that the unified purchase of minerals is the same as the unified purchase of grain. Now after the tax is paid, the remaining [-]% needs to be purchased, and the remaining [-]% is allowed to be listed freely. This can be regarded as stimulating enthusiasm and improving vitality.

But the bulk is still in the hands of the imperial court, such as gold and silver, [-]% of the mining tax is paid first, and the remaining [-]% is purchased by the imperial court. In fact, it means that the imperial court took [-]% and the mine owner only left [-]%. Eight only.

Other mines pay [-]% of the tax, [-]% can be left, and [-]% of the unified purchase, in fact, [-]% is paid, and [-]% is left.

The remaining [-]% still has to pay the Ministry's license fee and business tax. Although it is not high, it still has expenses after all.Of course, the profit of mining is very high, and the emperor has carefully calculated the unified purchase price. For example, although the price of copper is lower than the market price, there is still a lot of profit. For the bureaucratic landlords who hold a lot of money , Investing money in mining is actually a very good business, it's better than being buried in a pigsty.

(End of this chapter)