Haisheng Mingdi

Chapter 731
"Land needs to be further clarified in the code. Especially the rent must be based on an equal relationship and free will, and the lease contract must be concluded on the basis of mutual agreement. No. [-] crime, there must be no personal dependence, subordination and renting relationship under the part-time manor economy."

Zhu Yihai looked at the draft of the new civil code submitted by the prince and Wen Anzhi, and when he saw the land chapter, he pointed out the shortcomings of the legislation.

Land is the lifeblood of farmers.

However, land can never be owned by everyone, and the vast majority of land will only be held by a very small number of people. The law of production will make most farmers only become tenants, and their lifeblood will be controlled by the landlord.

In the Tang Dynasty, tenants were even attached to powerful landlords and did not even have household registration. Later, they were slowly released and became state clients, but they were still heavily attached to landlords and did not have complete personal freedom.

Even in 300, the tenants are still subject to the influence of the landlord, just like you, even after more than [-] years, you still have to be controlled by the bosses because they have mastered the means of production. .

"Didn't Jiangnan already have the separation of the two rights of Tiangu Tianpi? The separation of ownership and tenancy rights is worth encouraging and supporting. Contracts are very important.

The imperial court must not only ensure that the common people have the freedom to lease the rent, but also have the freedom to withdraw the rent. It must also be clarified in the code that the relationship between the landlord and the tenant is only the relationship between the lease of the land. Within the legal framework, you can freely agree on the rent and then complete the contract, and there must be no other mandatory constraints.

Farming is just farming, and you can’t do other work for the landlord, and you can’t pay other output in addition to the rent.

Tenant tenants are free to rent or withdraw the lease, and the rent must be within the protection limits of the imperial court.

It is best for the lease to start from three to five years. "

Zhu Yihai attaches great importance to tenants and land leases, because this is the most important underlying foundation of this era.

The imperial court also recognized the subletting of tenancy rights, as long as the tenancy did not exceed the red line, and the subletting must be witnessed by the landlord, and the landlord was not allowed to obstruct or charge extra fees.

In addition to this law, Zhu Yihai emphasized that there is still a need for legislation to interfere with the issue of land mergers, and a red line must be established for land ownership quotas. According to different official ranks and titles, different land quotas must be owned, and the quota must not be exceeded.

It can also be subdivided into quotas for different provinces, different provinces, prefectures, counties, and townships, so that mergers can be strictly controlled.

The imperial court allowed appropriate annexation, but it must be within the quota.

If a commoner with no official rank can only own a maximum of one hundred acres of land, even if he has money, he cannot buy more than that.

If you have the merits of imperial examinations such as Xiucai Juren, or if you are promoted to a non-commissioned officer after enlisting in the army, you can increase the quota. If you are awarded an official, honor, or knight, you can also increase the quota accordingly. Well, it should be restricted not to buy in the original township, but to buy in other places, and even limit the purchase of one hundred mu in a township.

In this way, it will be possible to avoid the occurrence of powerful and powerful landlords in one place, and avoid the situation where some big landlords monopolize most of the land in one township, and prevent them from gaining discourse rights and control over the land through these lands in the township. tenant.

The imperial court delineated the amount of land to be owned, limited the maximum lease, and prohibited personal attachment and coercion of tenants, all for the sake of long-term stability.

If there is a relative who has meritorious service and rich wealth, and legally obtains [-] mu of land, then he cannot buy all of his [-] mu of land in one place, even if he has money. Hundreds of counties, although this will increase management costs, etc., but for the court, it is beneficial and has long-term benefits, so it is worth doing.

Of course, the specific standards can be considered in detail. For example, in the Jiangnan area, each person in a county is limited to [-] mu, while in the southwest provinces, the standard can be raised to [-] mu, or in Liaodong outside the customs, it can be limited to [-] mu, etc. The actual situation to set standards.

But this underlying logic is like this, the court must have such a core spirit.

Land must be supervised, and mergers must be appropriately restrained.

It has to be flexible, not simply one size fits all.

Appropriate mergers within the specified scope are allowed, but land sales must be brought under supervision, and deed taxes must be paid, and land leases must also be registered and archived with the government.

In any case, even if Daming is rejuvenated, it will still be a dynasty dominated by farming and agriculture, so land is the most important and precious means of production, and many production relationships come from this, which is the most critical one ring.

It is neither possible to completely suppress mergers, nor to completely divide and grant land, because neither is sustainable and it is difficult for long-term and healthy development.

It is difficult for the Central Plains dynasty to last more than 300 years. Before its demise, there was an inevitable situation that the land would be severely annexed, which would bring about serious problems for the survival of farmers.

This problem cannot be solved simply by developing industry and commerce, because social productivity has not yet reached the level of later generations.

This is like in later generations, although the industry and commerce are booming, the country must also legislate to protect the basic rights and interests of migrant workers. Labor laws, etc., guarantee wages for work, and even formulate minimum wage standards, guarantee rights to overtime work, and guarantee vacations Rights and interests, guaranteed social security and medical insurance, guaranteed compensation for work-related injuries, guaranteed compensation for dismissal, etc.

Agriculture is the mainstay now, and the vast majority of people will be tenants, so the state must provide basic guarantees for tenants.

"Everything that should be written must be written directly. It must be listed in the legal code in black and white. In the future, it will be iron-cast, copper-sealed and stone-engraved. It must also indicate the corresponding punishment after breaking the law. Sufficient price, only in this way can the majesty of the law be guaranteed, and the original intention of the legislation to protect the people can be achieved.”

If the two problems of farmers and land can be solved, even if it is only a little more advanced than before, then the Ming Dynasty after the resurgence can guarantee at least two or three hundred years of rule.

"Your Majesty is wise and benevolent, and the common people are blessed." Wen Anzhi sighed.

"What should be done must be done. I know that high-ranking officials and ministers are also landlords. They must have the intention to resist these things, but this is also for the sake of long-term peace and stability. To say a new word, this is also called sustainable development. It is like raising a cow and wanting to milk it all the time. Milk, in addition to ensuring that the cows are conceived in time, it must also be fed with forage to keep up, otherwise the cows will not be able to eat enough, so how can they be milked?"

"Never underestimate the people at the bottom. Although they are not demanding and have great endurance, they can endure if they can survive, but they must be stretched, otherwise they are like bowstrings. Although they are elastic and tough Good, but it's always tight, always easy to break."

"The prosperity of this dynasty does not depend on how gorgeous the palace is, or even how vast the territory is. It depends on whether the people at the bottom can eat enough, and how many people can eat enough. Only when the people are rich can the country be strong."

"The Tartars fled outside the pass, and many people became a little proud, and even forgot the embarrassment of losing half of the country, and even why it happened.

Some people can't wait to sing and dance for peace, and want to enjoy themselves in a position of prestige and prosperity. If we can't learn the slightest lesson, then this ZTE will not last long.

Some people are in a hurry to go back to Beijing, but I am in no hurry.

Some people are calling for troops to go out of the Great Wall immediately, but I am not in a hurry.

Let's deal with the immediate affairs first, rewrite the code, change the official system, rectify the administration of officials, reorganize the army, clear the fields, register the household registration,
After the war, a lot of waste is waiting to be done, and how many people still have nothing.

How many people have not had enough to eat yet.

The Tartars want to fight, they want to fight to Shenyang, they want to fight to Jianzhou.

Expansion of territory is also necessary. We want to conquer Monan outside the Great Wall, and even send troops to Mobei. In the future, we will return to the Western Regions, and even cross the Congling Mountains. Wei Si and so on, but these things have to be done, but the things under the nose must be done even more.

Tens of thousands of feet tall buildings rise on the ground, what we are going to do now is exactly the foundation we want to lay.

If the foundation is not solid, the tall buildings are nothing but castles in the air.

Today, I also said these words to the prince especially, and I also said to you, the chief minister. One of you is the head of my officials, the prime minister of the cabinet, and the other is the prince of the country. The future emperor, you have to understand this. "

"Tell those high-ranking officials that the gentry is powerful and the world is restored. Don't rush to buy fields and land everywhere. Those who are rich can open mines, build workshops, run trade, and do practical things. If you want to make money, there are many channels. Don't compete with ordinary people. Ordinary people have no capital for that one-third of an acre of land, and this one-third of an acre of land is their final guarantee of survival."

"I will ask the Jianyuan, the Procuratorate, Jinyiwei, Dongchang, etc. to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the field conditions in various places, and severely crack down on land occupation and excessive land occupation. However, if after one hundred days, those who have not voluntarily reported and registered, and are found out in the future, the crime will be increased."

The eighteen provinces of Han were recovered.

But it is also necessary to rectify and rectify in an all-round way, and there must be a rectification.

"Before moving the capital, Tokyo should also come to Beijing to inspect first. Mr. Wen and you will lead the cabinet to lead a comprehensive inspection of greed, coolness, inaction, carelessness, old age, illness, impetuousness, and weak talents. Respectively give the punishment of questioning, dismissal or demotion, and retirement for the elderly and those with disabilities.

I would like to make a request here first. This year's Jingcha will implement the elimination of the last place, and one out of ten officials must be eliminated. I know that there are too many unqualified officials, far more than one out of ten.

Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate the last [-]%, directly dismissed from office, dismissed from office and returned to hometown.

Those who are old and sick should retire as soon as they should; those who are inactive and careless should be dismissed as soon as possible; those who are greedy and cool should be held accountable.

Unqualified downgrade callers will also be punished.

It is also necessary to strengthen the further training and training of officials, and to fight wars requires a well-trained team that can fight, and to govern the country, it is necessary to have a team of officials with faith, morale, and integrity.

Hearing the emperor's words from the bottom of his heart, Wen Anzhi was greatly moved. He was grateful for the emperor's trustworthiness and praised the emperor for his sobriety. After a few years of recovering the Daming country, he was still sober.

At the beginning, in order to restore the world, it was mud and sand, and the light was like the dust. Regardless of whether you are a corrupt official or a dirty official, whether you are a traitor or a local bandit, as long as you stand up against the Tartars, you are all brothers.

Even the Catholic Jesuits, or the Francois mercenaries, are their own people.

But it's different now. This method can conquer the world, but it can't sit on the world.

This step has to be done sooner or later, if you don’t do it, you can’t do it.

Of course, Wen Anzhi wasn't worried. Although it seemed a bit of a waste of time to do so, the emperor had already said that he didn't care about the past and just started from now on.

Moreover, the emperor has always drawn the red line before setting the rules.

The emperor was not Li Zicheng, and he would not start looting and chasing stolen goods all over the city as soon as he entered Beijing. At most, the emperor would clear the fields, carry out land reform, and then refresh the bureaucracy.

In the past, the mud and sand were mixed, clear and turbid, but now there is a big wave to wash the sand, and even repeated washing, the sand will always sink to the bottom.

After Wen Anzhi and the crown prince left, Zhu Yihai sat alone in the imperial study, and he picked up a volume of Zizhi Tongjian and looked through it. In fact, he didn't have to worry so much, he could slow down a bit.

But he couldn't wait. He always felt that he didn't have much time, but there were still too many things to do.

There is a box on his desk, which contains many memorials that have been sealed after reading.

Some Japanese shogunate believed that there was too much outflow of gold, silver and copper in the trade with the Ming Dynasty, and they had begun to limit the amount of gold, silver and copper exported, and even restricted the number of Ming ships arriving in Japan. However, the Matsuura family of the Hirado domain and the Shimadzu family of the Satsuma domain actually began to resume their old business , secretly engaged in pirates and Japanese pirates, and plundered at sea. The reason is that the Tokugawa shogunate blocked the trade of Hirado Port, but let all the open ships go to Nagasaki Port. The development of trade between the daimyo and the Ming Dynasty increased their influence, and even the new policy of cutting and banning the amount of silver and copper mined by the vassals aroused their dissatisfaction. The Matsuura and Shimadzu families, who had always been domineering and did not deal with the Tokugawa family, took the lead in making troubles.

Since the Netherlands withdrew from Taiwan, they have almost lost their trade with Japan. They used to purchase bright goods from Ming Dynasty, and then resell them to Japan, making a lot of money. Now Ming Dynasty directly sells to Japan, although the Netherlands can also directly They went to the various ports of Ming Dynasty for trade, but they couldn't send out the merchants of Ming Dynasty.

The Dutch in Batavia, the Spaniards in Manila, the Portuguese in Macau, and the British in India, etc., these western colonists have now greatly increased their trade with Ming, but they discovered an amazing In fact, it is completely a trade deficit.

Not only did a large amount of silver flow out into the Ming Dynasty, but it was no longer possible to use gold to make money before.Manila, Batavia and India, their cotton, hemp, cane sugar and other agricultural production raw materials or primary processed products were sucked into Ming Dynasty in large quantities, and then they were processed into various products, and then shipped back by Ming ships and sold to them .

Not to mention tea, silk, tobacco and wine, porcelain and other popular Chinese products. They have no pricing power at all. Even good things like raw silk are hard to buy now. They can only buy deep-processed silk products. Think about it as before. It is already very difficult to buy raw silk and ship it back to domestic silk processing factories for processing. This is a serious blow to them.

Daming opened many ports, but their maritime trade with China did not make any profit, and it was completely in deficit. They sent primary processed agricultural products and raw materials to Daming, but they could not get much back. A large amount of gold and silver flowed out, which made those The colonial governors in Nanyang were very panicked, especially after the Ming Dynasty lifted the sea ban, and now a large number of Chinese began to go to Nanyang, not only to sell goods, but also to buy fields and land, buy slaves to build manors, etc. The increase in Chinese made them very disturbed.

Now many Nanyang colonists have begun to conspire in series to deal with this unfavorable situation. Some people even proposed to go to war against Ming Dynasty, and to intercept sea routes, and even to attack Manila, Malacca, and Batavia. The Chinese in other places started massacres to avoid serious troubles.

Sea trade now brings huge benefits to Daming, and there is still a shortage of silver and copper. If the forbidden sea is blocked, the loss will be huge. This matter is already very serious.

Earlier, Daming also stabbed the Spanish, Dutch, and Portuguese. After the stabbing, he also fully liberalized trade. He painted a bright future for them, and then appeased those ghosts. But now they find that they have been fooled. , They didn't take advantage of the advantages, but it was worse than before secretly trading.

There are many such things. For example, the Jesuits are not dead, and they are still secretly preaching along the coast.

After regaining all the lost land in lower Myanmar, especially Than Lien once occupied by the Portuguese, the Toungoo Dynasty in southwest Myanmar moved its capital to Ava, realized the unification of Myanmar again, and strengthened its control over the chieftains in northern Myanmar. At this time, Myanmar began to weaken again, but the chieftains on the Ming-Myanmar border are almost all attached to Myanmar now, and the Yunnan border is restless.

From Jiajing to Longqing and Wanli dynasties, Burma once attacked and violated the border of Ming Dynasty. Although the Burmese army was repelled by counterattack later, in the 30th year of Wanli, the Ming Dynasty and the Toungoo Dynasty reached an agreement, but agreed that Toungoo occupied Mengyang, Mu Bang, Xingwei and other places, these places are extremely vast, occupying [-]% of the land of Myanmar later.

These places abandoned in northern Myanmar were the places where the Ming Dynasty once ruled three times and six times. The weakening of Myanmar again intensified the chaos on the Ming-Myanmar border, which also poses a serious threat to today's Yunnan.

The two major separatist forces in Annan and South, Ruan Lord and Zheng Lord, were also fighting. Annan's North-South War caused many Annan people to flee to sea and became pirates. They began to attack and plunder Chinese merchant ships along the coast.

For Zhu Yihai, the Manchus had not yet settled down, Moxi, Mobei and Mongolia were temporarily appeased, and the Ming army had not yet left the customs. As a result, the situation in Southeast Asia and the Indochina Peninsula began to deteriorate.

Especially in Nanyang, Japan has reduced trade with China, reduced silver and copper exports, and the Spanish and Dutch are holding back bad moves, which makes Zhu Yihai unable to sit idly by.

Zhu Yihai rang the copper bell on the table, and an official came in.

"What orders does His Majesty have?"

"Call Zheng Zhilong, Zhu Chenggong, Huang Binqing, Zhou Rui, and Zhou Hezhi!"

(End of this chapter)