Haisheng Mingdi

Chapter 748
Tokyo.

All the yamen of the Ministry have sent people to Beijing to fight for the front station, and the pier is full of people every day.

In Penglai Palace.

Zhu Yihai held a court meeting, and there was a huge sand table in the middle of the hall, which was made by the staff of the Ministry of War.

This sand table is surrounded by the Yanshan Mountains in the southwest, the Changbai Mountains in the southeast, the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in the south, the West Liaohe Plain and Horqin Grassland in the north, the Lower Liaohe Plain in the east, and the Laoha River and Daling River in the west. big river.

"I suggest cutting off the western province of Liaoning, combining the two Liaos into one Liao, which can be renamed Liaoning Province, with the Yanshan Mountains in the southwest, the Nuluerhu Mountain in the west, and the Yanbei Great Wall built by the Yan State in the Warring States period in the north. , reaching Shuangliao at the confluence of the East and West Liao Rivers in the northeast, and bounded by its watershed in the east, reaching Tonghua City and the banks of the Yalu River.”

Wen Anzhi believes that the Central Plains dynasty’s control over Western Liaoning is mostly limited to the Western Liaoning Corridor. The hills and mountains of the Daling River to the north of it are weakly controlled, and many tribes of Monan Mongolia are now nomadic.

It would be better to combine Western Liaoning and Eastern Liaoning into one province, move the Han people to live in the plains of the Western Liaoning Corridor, and relocate the Mongols in the valleys and hills around the Daling River in the mountains to the north. They set up borders and set flags, preferably by breaking up large tribes into many small tribes and mixing them with other tribes to form flags to increase their control.

During the Warring States period, the Yanbei Great Wall started from Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province in later generations, went northeast through Duolun, Dushi and other places in Inner Mongolia, and then passed Weichang in Hebei Province, Chaoyang in Liaoning, Tonghua in Jilin and other places in the east.

There is a very long section, which is basically built along the natural boundary line between Nuluerhu Mountain and other mountainous hills and Horqin Sandy Grassland.

Mountains and grasslands are naturally different geographical units.

Nuluerhu Mountain is also a very important mountain range. This mountain is a watershed for many rivers. The west is the Laoha River system, and the east is the Daling River and other water systems. With the mountain as the boundary, the east flows eastward. All that is from the west flows westward.

Wen Anzhi believed that establishing a separate province in western Liaoning would actually control too little area, so it would be better to merge the two Liao provinces into one province.

Zhu Dadian, a scholar of the Hall of Martial Arts, has a different opinion. He believes that the Ming Dynasty is now strong and strong, especially with the advantage of guns, so the nomads in the past are no longer the opponents of the Central Plains.

Taking advantage of the opportunity of ZTE now, it is time to solve some problems left over from history.

Daming also set up Daning Guards outside the customs back then, but it was a mistake to move inward later.To ensure the long-term peace and stability of the ZTE Ming Dynasty, Liaodong outside the customs is very important, and to protect the long-term stability of Liaodong outside the customs, the Yanbei and Liaoxi areas are the most important. Only the Liaoxi Corridor is too fragile.

The mountainous areas of northern Yanbei and Liaoxi must also be brought under the direct jurisdiction of Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Dadian's suggestion was that the two Liaos should still be centered on the Liaohe River, while the west of Liaoxi Province should still be bounded by Nuluerhu Mountain in the west, start from Shanhaiguan in the west, and be drawn directly to the south bank of the West Liaohe River in the north.

As for the Laoha River Basin to the west of Nurulhu Mountain, the Mongolian Plateau in the west, the Xilamulun River in the north, and the Great Wall in the south, this area can be integrated into Chengde Province, which was previously established as the three provinces of Yanbei.

Whether it is Wen Anzhi or Zhu Dadian, their provinces are still based on the watersheds of several major mountain ranges. Compared with using rivers as boundaries, in mountainous areas, it is actually more reasonable to use some large mountains as boundaries.

After all, the living habits and culture of the people on both sides of the river are often the same, and the two sides of the mountains are often two different living habits because of the height of the mountains, and even different pronunciations may be different.

Zhu Yihai looked at the sand table.

The core of Wen Anzhi’s merger of the two Liaos and one Liao is to consider the Mongolian tribes in the mountains and the West Liaohe Plain. They actually occupy these places, and this has always been the weak point of Han rule. Liaohe Plain and Liaodong Peninsula.

Zhu Dadian believes that the Ming Dynasty must develop Liaodong, and the Lower Liaohe Plain is the center of gravity, but other places cannot be ignored, otherwise it will be difficult to ensure safety over time.So simply use the Liaohe River as the boundary to divide Liaodong and Liaoxi into two provinces. Each of the two provinces is based on the plains, and then drives the surrounding mountainous areas to develop together.

At the same time, there is Bohai Province to the east of Liaodong, and Chengde Province to the west of Liaoxi. These two provinces can be used for a small number of garrison immigrants to settle down, and mainly resettle Mongolian banners.

The strategies of the two elders are different.

Wen Anzhi's approach, which is closer to the traditional method, is also the most cost-effective, the fastest effective, and may even be the easiest solution for Mongolia and Jurchen to accept.

The cost of Zhu Dadian is high, and it may arouse the dissatisfaction of the Mongols and Jurchens in Liangliao and other places.

After Jianlu entered the pass, a county government was set up in this corridor in the west of Liaoning, which was dozens of miles along the coast. In the north of it, between Songling Mountain and Nuluerhu Mountain, a Zhuosuotu League was set up to resettle Harqin Left Wing Banner, Tumed Right Wing Banner, Harqin Middle Banner, Harqin Right Wing Banner, and Chahar Left and Right Wing Banners are here, as well as the Eight Banners of Manchuria.

To the north of Nuluerhu Mountain is the Zhaowuda League composed of Khalkha, Aohan, Ongniud, Bahrain, Keskten, Naiman, Zalut, and Alu Horqin.

The West Liaohe Plain, and the Songnen Plain to the north, belonged to the Zhelimu League composed of Horqin and Guoerluosi tribes.

Wen Anzhi's division of provinces obviously meant the division of Han and Mongolia.Zhu Dadian, on the other hand, put Mengmanquan under the direct control of Daming, or in a state of semi-restriction.

Zhu Yihai thought about it for a while, but actually he was more inclined to Zhu Dadian's plan.

It is easy to give up now, but it may become a hidden danger later.

Before the Ming Dynasty, Mongolia was either fought or rejected. Anyway, it was an enemy foreign country. Although Jianlu had not established the country for many years, he fought all the way, beat Lin Dan Khan away, won over the right-wing tribes of Mongolia, and set up the alliance flag The system is actually quite advanced.

This was established on the basis of the [-]-household system established by Genghis Khan of Mongolia and the customary alliance system of Mongolia. It has great basic conditions. Combined with the eight-banner system of the Qing Dynasty, a set of alliance-banner system was established.

It is not only to win over the various ministries, but also to differentiate and control.

It was customized in Huang Taiji, matured in Dorgon, and developed into the Six Leagues, that is, the Six Leagues of Nezhasak Mongolia.

Mongolia's Wanhu Department is a very good military organization system. With a hierarchical structure of hundreds, thousands, and ten thousand households, it can quickly gather and disperse the family organizations of nomadic tribes, and it will not affect the daily independent nomads much. Life.

The biggest feature of Mongolian nomadic herding is that they independently herd herds, especially horses. If the herds are too close together or the herds are too large, competition among them will increase, resulting in a decline in the number and quality of the herds.

And if the tribes are small and relatively isolated, they are vulnerable to attacks from other tribes, which is why there are frequent wars between tribes on the grassland.

Therefore, around the grasslands, there are always conflicts among the tribes. Later, when Genghis Khan established a system of hundreds of households and thousands of households, he implemented a model of crazy external expansion, and obtained more grasslands by conquering other areas.

By the end of the Ming Dynasty, Mongolia had already split and retreated. The tribal system represented by the clan surname regained its dominant position, and internal struggles and divisions intensified.

It is almost like Mongolia lost the centralized power of the Central Plains and returned to the era of tribal separatism.

Later, Jianzhou Jurchen divided and wooed the right wing of Mongolia and defeated them one by one. After Tuxie Khan of the Horqin tribe expressed his obedience, Huang Taiji took advantage of the situation and sent ministers to form an alliance with the Ten Banners of Horqin to discuss and promulgate matters related to expeditions, post delivery, and trial. , this is a formal alliance under the leadership of the Qing court. This alliance also stipulates the time, place and responsibilities of the alliance.

With the successive military victories in Jianzhou, more and more Mongolian tribes in Monan belonged to the Qing Dynasty, and their control over Mongolia was also strengthened.

Later on, the Manchus relocated and dispersed the various tribes of Mongolia, and moved some large tribes into many small tribes, and even formed a banner from several small tribes of different tribes, and then formed a flag from different tribes. Alliance.

Before entering the customs, three alliances were established, which were held every three years. After entering the customs, three more were added to form six alliances.

Every time the alliance is hosted by ministers, and each league and banner are all appointed by the Qing government as the leader of the alliance and the leader of the banner, Zasak, etc., and the marriage system is implemented to promote the unity of Manchu and Mongolia.

The alliance flag system of the Manchu Qing was implemented very smoothly. The key is that the alliance has a foundation of Mongolian tradition, and the Manchu Qing protected the interests of the princes and nobles of the Mongolian tribes, especially through the marriage of the upper class, so that Mongolia also successfully entered the the ruling class.

The weaving of the flag itself is also suitable for the nomadic characteristics of Mongolian tribes.

In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, the Mongolian civil war did not fight, especially Lin Dan Khan's intention to forcibly conquer the tribes by force and restore the centralized power of the Mongolian Khan, which caused dissatisfaction among the tribes. The Ministry also suffered a great loss, and it was only natural that they were finally recruited by the Jurchen.

Compared with the previous Ming Dynasty, which simply set up guards for the subordinate Mongolian and Jurchen tribes, the alliance flag system of the Manchu Qing Dynasty is obviously more advanced, with deeper interference and management, and naturally stronger influence and control.

In fact, there is still a big difference between the alliance flag system and the southwestern chieftain system. It is a ruling system formulated according to different local traditions and local conditions.

"If the chief assistant is worried that the Mongols and the Jurchen tribes will not be willing to submit, then they should first salute and then fight, first fight and then caress them, and after recruiting them, they will be properly dismantled and reorganized, relocated, set up a capital protection mansion, and regular alliances. There will be a capital governor's mansion under it Nomads in the world, the imperial court appointed the Mongolian princes as the guardians and governors, and at the same time the imperial court sent Changshi and Sima to take up the post, responsible for assisting Biding, household registration, litigation adjudication, tribute, mutual market, post delivery and other affairs."

In some important places, such as Chengde, Daning, Pingquan, Chifeng, Chahan and other places, the imperial court set up towns, and even established provincial capitals, prefectural cities, county towns, etc., and established a post station along the main traffic road or the main river valley. Along the post road, not only post houses and shops were set up, but also military forts and depots were built, and Han people were moved to reclamation and grazing.

Just like the rule and development of the Yunnan-Guizhou area by the Ming Dynasty before, the chieftain was conferred, but at the same time, post roads were set up, and guards were garrisoned along the post roads to resettle immigrants.

As long as a road can be opened and this line of communication can be maintained, then the entire area can be initially controlled.

This line is composed of nodes, which can be continuously expanded.Connect the dots into a line, and then you can spread out branches and leaves to establish new branch lines in the future.

"Tell Zhang Guowei, since you have won Liaoshen, let's go all out and continue to attack, first level the Liaohe Plain, and then the surrounding mountainous areas, you can also march to the upper reaches of the East and West Liaohe area, and those Mongolian and Jurchen who refuse to surrender can all be wiped out .”

"Those who are willing to join, should not only be appeased appropriately, but also take advantage of the trend to dismantle and reorganize the Chengdu Guard and the Governor's Mansion. The imperial court is still in those places, choose some important places, and set up military forts and towns."

The emperor finally chose Zhu Dadian's plan, Liaodong, Liaoxi, Bohai, Chengde, Xuanhua, Suiyuan, and six provinces outside the pass.

(End of this chapter)