Haisheng Mingdi

Chapter 760 Chaos in Chang'an

"All Mongols and Semu people are allowed to marry Chinese people, and they are not allowed to marry each other. Those who violate it will get eighty sticks, and men and women will enter the palace as slaves."

"Hu clothing, Hu language, and Hu surnames are prohibited!"

"Ban Islam!"

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In Shaanxi, Xi'an Prefecture was renamed Chang'an Prefecture. Chang'an City faces Tongxian County in the east, at the foot of Lishan Mountain. There are many Muslim villages in the county.

In the whole of Shaanxi, there are more than one million Hui people, and in the whole of Northwest Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia, there are no less than 300 million Hui people. Although the number is not as large as that of the Han people, the number is already very large.

Due to customs and other issues, Hui and Han had never been in harmony with each other, and there were frictions from time to time.

In front of the county government office, the new county magistrate sent someone to post a notice to announce the latest decree of the imperial court.

"It's long overdue!"

In front of the eight-character wall of the county government, several Han scholars were very happy after seeing the notice, and read it aloud, attracting many people to watch.

An old scholar stroked his beard and said, "This is nothing new. It was all established by the Taizu after the founding of the country. Unexpectedly, more than 200 years later, Emperor Shaotian promulgated it again."

"Emperor Shaotian is wise like the Taizu, so he naturally has to maintain the system of the Taizu. Those Semu people oppressed us Han people in the Yuan Dynasty to do their best. Our Taizu expelled the Tartars and restored China, but it turned out to be too kind to them. .Now it's on our territory, fighting with us, it's too shameful."

Someone asked, since Taizu promulgated such a decree back then, why are there so many repetitions now?

The old scholar said, "That's because when Chengzu was in trouble, he attacked from the north to the south, and there were many Huihui under his command, so he let go of Huihui and even allowed them to guide foreign teachers to marry Huihui and change their surname to Islam. , This has led to today, more than 200 years later, the northwest is almost occupied by Huihui."

From the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Huihui from the Western Regions continued to move inland. By the Zhengde period, the number had reached an astonishing number. Although it gradually calmed down after Jiajing, it still did not stop.

There are as many as [-] to [-] households of the Turkic tribes of the Western Regions who settled in the interior.In the Ming Dynasty, although the Hui Hui lost the superior status they occupied in the Mongol and Yuan dynasties, they had a strict distinction with the Han through the unification of Islam, marriage, funeral and diet, and for hundreds of years, they basically used Chinese as their main language. However, it is a form of scattered and small settlements, and it has always been isolated from the Han.

Through their continuous migration and combination, they have formed five major settlements across the country at this time, Northwest settlements, Yunnan settlements, Central Plains settlements, North China settlements, and Jiangnan settlements. Among them, the most populated and most obvious is Shaanxi. Gan area.

The number of Hui in Shaanxi exceeds one million, accounting for at least 200% of the total population, while the number of Hui in Gansu exceeds [-] million, accounting for more than half of the population of Gansu, and may even reach three-fifths.

The large increase in population, especially the settlement pattern, and the increase in the proportion of the population have turned the Huihui in the northwest almost completely into intra-ethnic intermarriage, followed by the expansion of the influence of Islamic scriptures, and they are more xenophobic.

Because it is a pattern of scattered large and small settlements, in the Shanxi-Gansu region with the largest number, the Huihui basically live scattered in the form of villages, and each settlement is adjacent to the Han people.

This pattern is similar to that of the Tuke villages living next to each other in Lingnan, because there is me in you, and you in me, and Han and Hui villages live next to each other, and the conflicts are getting more and more serious.

Han people are not allowed to watch when they go back to Zhuang to report for the competition.There are also notices posted in Hanzhuang performing operas, and Hui people are not allowed to watch them.

If there are Han Hui children who go to the theater, or people who go to other tribes to sell melons and fruits, they will be beaten and driven away by the other tribe.

Sometimes two neighboring Huihan villages, in order to compete for water sources, are more likely to break out collective fighting. This kind of fighting is very fierce, and may even lead to the joining of many nearby villages of the same clan, causing heavy casualties on both sides.

The Muslims are aggressive, and they themselves have had conflicts between the old and new sects in Islam over the years.

From the Great Food Expedition in the Tang Dynasty and the spread of Islam to the east, for hundreds of years since then, the Islam in China has basically been Sunni, and they all recognize the four major caliphs as orthodox, and their branch Digmu sect in China , The Digmu Sect is the first Crescent Sect introduced to China, also known as the Old Sect. Their teachings are relatively conservative and moderate, and they do not advocate active expansion.

Forming a conservative tradition, opposing unconventionalism, insisting on doing things according to the old rules, tending to the localization of Han, and establishing a Jiaofang system organization, they also pay more attention to cultural education, and carry out scripture education in the temple.He has been in China for nearly a thousand years and is deeply influenced by traditional Chinese culture. They even introduced many customs and habits of the Han people into their religious etiquette, which is relatively mild and conservative.The organizational form of the teaching workshop is the system of "three teachers".It is composed of the Imam who leads the worship, the Khatib who preaches the scriptures, and the muejin (the muezzin) who calls for worship.

But at the end of the Ming Dynasty, under the influence of the Yarkand Khanate, the Sufi sect was introduced.

The Sufi sect is also known as the mystical sect. The Black Mountain Sect and the White Mountain Sect of Yarkand belong to the Sufi sect. The Sufist sect is precisely Sufism, not a sect like Digmu. Compared with The traditional and conservative Digem sects are more radical.

In recent years, many Sufis have been preaching in the Northwest. They are collectively called Protestantism, and there are different sects in Protestantism. In China, they are called Protestant sects. There are more and more Protestant sects. A new eunuch was created.

The dispute between the old and the new is becoming more and more fierce, and the radical doctrines of the old and the new also intensify the conflict between Hui and Han.

The traditional conservative and gentle Digemu were sent to China for thousands of years, and they lived in peace with the Han people. However, with the rapid development of various Protestant sects and the collapse of the overall social order at the end of the Ming Dynasty, Shaanxi and Gansu have become a living city. volcano.

Imams and imams in Islam were originally just teachers in the religion, similar to priests and monks in other religions. At the beginning, they did not give special status or requirements. He was just a teacher, and he could marry a wife and have children. , You can also do business for profit, and you can also work as an official without wearing special clothes, which is similar to the Confucian master.

In the Yuan Dynasty, they were called Huihui Masters, and in the Ming Dynasty, they were also called Teachers.

The Han people in the Ming Dynasty received private school education with the Four Books and Five Classics as the core, while the Hui people established a scripture hall education with the characteristics of both private acquaintances and temples, which mainly focused on the Thirteen Classics of Hui.

The imams are the teachers and husbands of the scripture hall. They are among the few Muslims who can read and write, they are learned people, and they are also spiritual and cultural mentors.

In local townships, they are equivalent to the elders of the gentry among the Han people. They have a high prestige among the people. Over time, these imams have emerged as hereditary bishops.

Huihuili clans were formed, characterized by the prestige and power possessed by imams. They collected rents as landlords and exploited believers by chanting scriptures. Through hereditary inheritance and accumulation from generation to generation, these imams formed clans.

The Shaanxi-Gansu Protestantism has four major eunuchs, and their status is unshakable.

However, this status quo also caused some Muslims to be dissatisfied, so some people founded a new sect and new eunuchs, and raised a new banner, advocating only reciting silent scriptures, and not needing to hand over sheep and cloth to the headmaster. At the end of the day when there was chaos everywhere, natural disasters and military disasters continued everywhere, and when everyone was trapped and poor, various new sects were extremely popular.

Almost as long as someone stands up and calls out, claiming to have returned from a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, and gets some oracle to establish a new sect, many people will immediately support and support it. In this case, those officials, big and small, naturally refuse, so they will blame these people He is a pagan and calls on the Muslims to attack.

The two sides often fight because of the contradictions between the old and new sects.

This made the situation in Shaanxi and Gansu even more chaotic. In addition to the previous peasant uprising, the Shun army captured Shaanxi and Gansu, and then the Qing army entered the pass to capture Shaanxi and Gansu, and then Wu Sangui occupied Shaanxi, Mi Layin and He Hongjia occupied Gan, the Han and Hui people who were caught in the middle of the war between each other also suffered from the chaos, which aggravated the chaos.

In this situation, the local prefectures and counties have basically lost their control over the localities. Whether it is the fight between the Muslims and the Protestants below, or the fighting between the Han and the Huis, there is no control and no one to control it, which exacerbates the deterioration of the situation.

After Mila Yinding Guodong and the others raised their flag to rebel against the Ming Dynasty, they circulated posters everywhere, calling on the Muslims in the northwest to rebel, to make Gansu the Gansu of Gansu people, and to establish a Huihui country in the northwest.

For a while, it became more and more chaotic.

There are many Hui villages in Lintong County, and there have been several fights in Huihan villages.

In fact, at the end of the Ming Dynasty, many people were wary of Hui Hui. For example, in the early years, the governor of Shaanxi Province once published a report, saying that Hui Hui left the way to confuse the public, and the law was strictly prohibited.If Islam does not respect the heaven and the earth, does not worship gods, and has another suzerain, who is responsible for the years, has a lot of party members, helps evil and harms the people, please make a general order to leave the religion and destroy its mosques.

Even in the court, many ministers saw that Huihui was no different from the Han nationality. They spoke Chinese and wore Han clothes, so they believed that Huihui was just a small group of Han people with special religious habits.

Gu Yanwu, the Conglong Yuanxun of the Shaotian Dynasty, even wrote a letter directly, saying that Weihui sticks to his old customs and refuses to change in the end. .

It's just that after the late Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty had internal and external troubles. Although Huihui had become a problem, it was still not the most urgent thing for the court.

Until the peasant uprising swept across the country and entered Beijing, and the Northeast Jurchens entered Guanzhong step by step, the Ming Dynasty was still unable to spare a hand to take care of these.

It's just that everyone didn't expect that the court finally made a move.

Wu Sangui handed over his military power and was conscripted into the imperial court. The imperial court had sent governors and governors, and the imperial battalion entered the customs. New officials were successively appointed in the government offices of various prefectures and counties.

As soon as the magistrate of Xin County took office, he issued this notice, and the Han people gathered around and applauded.

Right now, the conflict between Hui and Han is fierce, especially under the instigation of Mi Layin's post, it is like adding fuel to dry wood, and it will spark if there is a little spark.

In the past, the government basically ignored the battles between Hui and Han.

Now it's finally taken care of.

In the county office, Zhao Bing of Xinzhi County is discussing matters with the county magistrate, county lieutenant, chief bookkeeper, township chiefs, security chiefs, patrol inspectors, and county regiment training camp officials.

"Report, sir, something has happened."

A squad leader came in to report.

"What's the matter?"

"Fighting broke out in Baqiao Town. Many Huihan villages fought with big guns. Dozens of people have already died. The fighting is still going on. People from all around Huihan Zhuangzi are still rushing there. Some times they have already shouted slogans. Capture Baqiao, occupy Lintong, and respond to Mi Layin."

When the magistrate Zhao Bing heard this, he slapped the table.

"It's okay, call a group practice quickly, and report to the Provincial Patrol and Garrison Battalion for help, and report to Chang'an."

"Xianzun, let's settle the fights in the villages by ourselves. There's no need to stab them directly, right?" an official also persuaded.

"Huh, it's such a big deal, and it's still a big deal? When is this? The saint's decree was posted in vain. Since he dared to commit crimes against the wind and colluded with the rebels, he should be severely punished, and he should be dealt with quickly and ruthlessly."

Zhao Bing didn't even ask why the fighting started. Since Hui Hui had already dared to call out to occupy Baqiao Town and Lintong County in response to Mi Layin's rebellious slogan, why ask?

"Bring the cotton armor, shotgun and waist knife from the county, and the county will personally go to the city to supervise the defense."

Zhao Bing was born as a scholar, but he had served as a civil servant in the imperial army at the beginning, so he was not at all afraid of fighting.

When he put on his armor and carried his gun to the city wall, he asked why.

The matter is not complicated, that is, when Wu Sangui occupied Guanzhong before, he recruited many brave soldiers, some of them were also Han. Later, Wu Sangui handed over his military power in Lanwuguan and entered the court. Most of his soldiers were dismissed by the court, and some of them were Incorporated and rectified other armies.

Some Huiyong returned to Weibei and passed by Lintong Baqiao. It is said that they stole a sheep from Xiaozhang Village to eat, but they were discovered by the villagers, and the two sides had a dispute.

Because Xiaozhang Village is Hanzhuang, he became even more angry, and directly called the villagers to surround those Huiyongs and asked them to double the compensation. He escaped and went back to the nearby village to ask for help. The villagers who returned to the village came to ask for an explanation. They fought again.

The Hui people did not win, and two more died. After fleeing back to the village, they immediately contacted other nearby villages. Originally, because they often went back to Han to fight with weapons, the nearby Huizhuang also helped each other. When one party was in trouble, the four sides helped each other. They were very united .

Now many Huizhuang villages in Baqiao Town heard the news, and Xiaozhang Village over there didn't wait around. On the one hand, they reported to the prefecture and county officials, and on the other hand, they also distributed hero posters, inviting relatives and friends, and the nearby Hanzhuang Village to help.

A bigger fight broke out between the two sides, and another seventeen Huihui died that day, and many others died in Hanzhuang. The Huihui who arrived later started to set fire to Xiaozhang Village, and even the women, children, old and weak were killed. the village.

The young and strong people in Xiaozhangzhuang were all fighting outside, but the backyard caught fire, and in anger, they also rushed to a backyard next door, rushed in and slaughtered the village.

The battle escalated and began to evolve into an attack mode of mutual destruction, from gang fights to life-and-death battles.

After Zhao Bing finished listening, he stood at the top of the city and looked towards Lintong.

"From now on, immediately seal off all the gates of the county seat, organize regiments to train government servants, and the young and strong Han people in the city, and immediately control all the perverts in the city. Those who dare to resist with weapons will be killed on the spot. If you can obey the order Those who are caught without a fight will be put in prison first."

"Go, hurry!"

"Send people to focus on protecting the yamen and warehouses."

"Whoever dares to take to the streets with weapons will be killed immediately!"

After all, Zhao Bing had been in the army, so he knew very well that once such a riot happened, it would be very difficult to control. Although there were imperial camps stationed in Chang'an, Tongguan, and Lantian, there were no imperial camps or provincial camps in Lintong County. There is also chaos here, and everything may be destroyed by then.

It has to be fast, it has to be decisive.

At this time, I don't care whether it will hurt the innocent.

Either you die or I die.

Take control of the situation first.

"Immediately put the whole city under martial law!"

"All Semu people must stay at home and are not allowed to go out on the street. Those who go out on the street will be killed without mercy!"

"Notify the Han people in the city to guard their gates. If there are semu people attacking, they are allowed to defend themselves. But they are not allowed to go to the streets privately, and they are not allowed to take advantage of the opportunity to rob and murder. Anyone who violates the law will be punished afterwards."

In Baqiao Town, riots are spreading rapidly.

"Hui Zi colluded with the rebels in Gansu, killing one time will save one thief!"

Huihui also circulated postings to kill people, sent people to contact each Huizhuang, called all the young and strong to gather, attacked Hanzhuang, and also attacked towns.

In one day, seven or eight Hui-Han villages were massacred and thousands of people were killed.

Tens of thousands of people gathered to besiege Baqiao Town.

In the afternoon, when Hui Hui was besieging Baqiao, a sudden earthquake shook the sky and the earth.

A line of Kuroshio surged to the west, and a red flag fluttered high in front of it.

The admiral of the No.19 town of the imperial camp stationed in Shaanxi, the emperor's adopted son Zhu Pengfei personally led the troops to kill from Chang'an City.

Looking at the black Hui people who besieged Baqiao Town, Zhu Pengfei immediately pulled out his Qi Saber expressionlessly.

"Wearers, kill without mercy!"

The cavalry battalion urged the horse to charge, and the iron hooves were like thunder, and they slammed into Hui Hui's back, piercing through as easily as a red-hot iron stick inserted into butter.

With one blow, the mob, who were originally grassroots, immediately fled in defeat, how could they block the thunderous blow of the imperial cavalry.

The imperial camp was surrounded by enemies.

On the same day, outside Baqiao Town, No.19 Township killed more than 19 ranks and took more than [-] prisoners. Baqiao Town was rescued. No.[-] Town continued to pursue and mobilize. More than ten thousand prisoners were captured.

After defeating several gatherings, Zhu Pengfei ordered a sweep of Huizhuang.

Those who dare to hold weapons and resist will be killed without mercy!

Those who kneel down and surrender will be saved from death, and all young and old will be arrested and detained together, awaiting disposal.

When Sufi Protestantism suppressed the old-fashioned Digmu sect and became radical, in fact, this day will inevitably come, and the constant disputes among Protestant sects accelerated the arrival of this day even more.

It's just that they may not have thought that they were just being used by Mi Layin and the others. Perhaps they also wanted to take advantage of the opportunity of Mi Layin's rebellion and follow the example of the Yarkang Kingdom to establish an Islamic country in the northwest.

But they didn't expect that although the Northwest had been in chaos for many years, and even though the Ming army's imperial battalion had just entered the pass, the Daming imperial battalion was not a one-dimensional opponent to them at this time.

They chose this time to launch a jihad, just to let those people die.

(End of this chapter)