Haisheng Mingdi

Chapter 781
For the tribes of Monan Mongolia.

The emperor strikes while the iron is hot. This time, there are eighteen ministries from Monan coming to the alliance to pay tribute. These ministries were previously divided into two or three banners, and some princes and princes still fled north with the Qing Dynasty with some troops.

Zhu Yihai broke up the eighteen departments and divided them into three major departments, Ordos on the left, Chahar on the middle, and Tumot on the right.

The original Seven Banners of the Yikezhao League in Ordos was changed to the Heshuo Duhufu. The Seven Banners and several other departments moved in and changed to the Twelve Dudufu. In the Governor's Mansion, Elinchen was canonized as Khan and Prince Shuncheng.

Moved Chahar to the present Sunid, took Daqing Mountain to the north, east to the south of the Daxinganling Plateau, Abu Nai was Chahar Khan, Sunit, Abaga, etc. were included, and Wuchuan Dufu was established. There are twelve governors' mansions under it, and Abu Naifeng is the Prince of Hue.

In the east, to the north of Chifeng, to the east of Daxing'an Mountains, and to the right of Dongtumote, Mugu was named Tumote Khan. Jarut, Bahrain and other parts set up the governor's office.

For Mobei, the capital guard and the governor's mansion are basically set up according to their status quo, basically no changes, but for the Mongolian tribes in Monan, it is a major adjustment.

According to the figures in the newspaper, at this time, in addition to the Horqin and other ministries who continued to follow the Qing Dynasty, and some other ministries followed, the eighteen ministries that are now affiliated to the Ming Dynasty have about 18 households, and the Horqin and other unaffiliated people There are still about [-] households.

For example, there are more than 4 households in the Seven Banners of Ordos, more than 1 households in the Chahar Department, and nearly 20 households in Tumed, Guihua City. When calculated, there are less than [-] households, and the population is almost one million.

The three major parts of Mobei are smaller in number, and there are about [-].

Including the Four Divisions of Oirat in Moxi and Heshuote in Qinghai, as well as a large number of lamas who became monks on the grassland, the total Mongolian population is more than 200 million.

Zhu Yihai divided the nearly one million people in Monan into 36 Dudu Mansions, with an average of [-] households in each Dudu Mansion.

Eighteen ministries, each divided into left and right wings, divided into two governor's mansions, if the number of households is not enough, it will be split from other tribes with more to make up, and more tribes will be divided into other lesser ones.

Through such a dismantling and reorganization, 36 Dudu Mansions with a total of about [-] households were formed. In fact, the two Dudu Mansions are a tribe, forming a [-] households.

Zhu Yihai also asked each governor's mansion to organize guards according to the population of his subordinates. One guard under each governor's mansion commanded five thousand troops, one thousand households under the guard, one thousand troops under the one thousand households, and one hundred households under the one thousand households. One hundred soldiers.

These Mongolian guards are divided into five divisions, which serve in rotation. One guard usually has 1000 active personnel and 4000 reserve personnel.However, the [-] active-duty soldiers are only registered in the army register. If the imperial court recruits, these active-duty soldiers on the register need to be transferred.

The military power of the Mongolian guards is in the Mongolian capitals and governors' mansions, and is under the command of the princes, but the soldiers of the guards are not allowed to cross the border.

The princes hold the power to command the army, and the imperial court controls the power to deploy the army.

This guard system is basically to let the Mongolian tribes, each household send out one Ding, five Dings take turns to be on active duty, and the remaining four Dings are in reserve.The imperial court will send some instructors or long historians to serve in the guards, and they will not directly control the military command, but they can monitor these Mongolian soldiers at any time.

But even those who are in service are just weaving. When there is no war, they still graze at home. Only when there is a war will they be called to gather.

There were only more than 4000 men in the two banners of Dongtumote. After they established two Dudufu, they set up two guards and ten schools under their jurisdiction, but there were not enough men, with a shortfall of [-].

Therefore, it is necessary to move some people from other tribes such as Ordos with a large population, such as Harqin.

There are also Bahrain and Jalut, which used to be one of the five ministries of Inner Khalkha, but now they are still very disabled, with far less than [-] households, so people were removed from Ordos and other ministries. Sunit has merged many in recent years. Population, now we must move all the surplus to the insufficient tribes.

After such an integration, the herdsmen who moved from the large part to the small part will be replaced by the new tribe name, which has nothing to do with the original tribe.

Before the Tartars compiled Monan Mongolia into 49 Banners, in addition, the Eight Banners of Inner Mongolia were naturalized to Tumot, and the Chahar Department of the Outer Domain, etc., and the original 25 parts were divided into 49 Banners, which was also adjusted and supplemented after some population adjustments. of.

But the population of each banner is still not small, not the same.

But now Zhu Yihai directly gave them an average population, and integrated the original 25 49 banners, plus internal and external vassal banners, into 36 [-] capital governors, each integrated into [-] households, some large tribes As a result, many people were relocated and their strength was weakened.

And some small tribes in the past, although their population has increased greatly, and there are [-] households, but they are divided into two capitals on the left and right wings, not to mention, and a large number of foreign tribes immigrated, which also made their tribes no longer simple and changed. more complicated.

Its cohesion may have declined instead.

The three major guardian mansions each control [-] households, but now they are divided into twelve capital governor's mansions.

A new balance has initially been formed.

The forces of the left, middle and right are equal.

Moreover, Monan and Mobei Mongolia each have three capital guards, and their strengths are not too different. Although Monan has a larger population, there are vast seas and deserts as a natural isolation.

There are about 20 people in the Heshuote Khanate in U-Tsang, Qinghai, and hundreds of thousands in the four Oirat tribes left in Tianshan.

Therefore, Moxi and Mobei are roughly equal in power.

"The Tengjisi Sunite Khan was demoted to Huntaiji, changed to Gongshun County King, and entered Beijing to serve as an attendant. The left and right wings of the Sunite Department set up governor's mansions, with Souse as the right governor and Teng Batu, the son of Jisi, is the governor of the left, and he is appointed Duke of the state."

The people, livestock, and slaves looted by Sunit were all returned to the ministries.

Several crimes were punished together, and one of ten fines was merciful. In the end, Sunit was fined [-] camels, [-] horses, [-] cattle, and [-] sheep.

The Han slaves in the hands of the various ministries of Mobei and Monan Mongolia were all redeemed by the emperor for the Central Plains.

After several days of deliberations, the boundaries of the Sixth Protectorate of Mobei Mobei and the 72 Governor's Mansions were finally determined. An annual meeting is held.

Mobei and Monan each hold an alliance of the three major guards every two years, while the north and south of the desert, also known as Mongolian headquarters or Eastern Mongolia, have a north-south alliance every three years, and the location of the alliance is Conglun.

Moxi Oirat and Qinghai-Tibet Heshuote, Yean made an alliance with the previous tributary, the governor's mansion meets once every six months, the governor's mansion once a year, Moxi and Qinghai have an alliance every three years, and the alliance is fixed at Dunhuang.

All league meetings at all levels will be presided over by officials of different levels sent by the imperial court.

Duolunuoer used to compete with Sunit and Wengniute and other ministries here, but now Zhu Yihai has directly designated the Duolunnuoer Grassland in the Lightning River Basin in the upper reaches of the Luan River as Duolun Mansion, which is directly under the jurisdiction of the imperial court. Post station, as well as royal ranch, official ranch, military horse farm, etc.

On the Qiantao Plain in the west, that is, the area from Baotou to Hohhot, the area from Daqing Mountain to the Yellow River in the south and the original Tumote Guihua City in the East to the Great Wall was set up as Guihua Mansion, directly under the jurisdiction of the imperial garrison.

The original domestic Tumed was directly split into tribes with a small population to supplement, and the naturalized Tumed two-winged flag would be gone.The emperor did not move him eastward to Dongtumote, the Protectorate of Xing'an, to prevent the two Tumote from converging, which would help weaken them and facilitate management.

It took more than ten days to negotiate all of these.

Zhu Yihai asked people to build a pagoda on the Yuanshangdu ruins in Duolun, and erected a stone tablet inside to record the Duolun meeting in detail.

The two languages ​​of Han and Mongolian were respectively recorded on two large stone tablets, which were erected in the tower, and the painter was asked to depict the scene of the alliance as a scroll to record this historical moment.

There are six capital guards in the south and north of the desert, 72 governor's houses, 72 guards, 360 thousand households, and 72 hundred households. The emperor canonized six Mongolian Khans, six Jinong, and 72 Nuoyan, [-] Huitaiji, thousands of Taiji, a bunch of governors, command envoys, thousands of households, and hundreds of households.

The Zhongshu people who accompanied them wrote imperial edicts day and night, with dizziness, sore hands and neck pain. The royal craftsmen in charge of casting, printing and carving were also rushing to work day and night.

Some people are happy that someone is worried.

The brothers Tengjisi were called into Beijing Enyang, they were placed under house arrest, and they were finally dealt with. At least their lives were saved. Sunit made up two governor's houses. , Batu, the eldest son of Teng Jisi, was originally a bodyguard for Zhu Yihai, but now Enuoyan is the governor of the left.

Sunit was shot down with a stick, and several tendons were broken, but at least [-] households remained, but they had already become one of the six khans, but now they belonged to Chahar again.

Abu Nai is very happy. Now he has returned to the hometown of Chahar. Although he is a little bit north and cannot nomad directly outside the Xuanda side wall, he is at least in the middle. Besides, he used to have only more than 1 households, but now he is Commanding twelve ministries, with [-] households, the strength has increased several times.

Even if he failed to become the Great Khan of the Mongolian Co-Lord, he was at least one of the Three Khans of Monan. For the 16-year-old, he was quite satisfied.

Mu Gu of Tumed was even more pleasantly surprised. He was originally the leader of the Eastern Tumed right-wing banner, with less than [-] male warriors in the tribe.

Bahrain, Zarut, Ongniut, Keshiketeng and other ministries are also very happy. They were all beaten in the Ming and Qing wars and the Lindan Khan and Jurchen wars. The tribes were almost scattered, and there was only one breath left. Reluctantly hanging on, now a lot of people are assigned to them at once, and each has expanded to ten thousand households.

Regardless of whether the newly moved tribes can really listen to them, at least the pastures are bigger, the tribes are more numerous, and even their titles are higher.

In general, everyone is very satisfied with the results of this alliance. With the Holy Khan, Emperor Ming, taking the lead, and now that Monan and Mobei have been reorganized, at least there will be no more chaos in the future, and there will be no need to fight all day long. Pastures, robbing people and livestock.

Calling back and forth, no one can stand it.

Now that the boundaries have been redrawn in this way, and each of them grazes in peace, they, the princes and nobles, can also enjoy life very well.

"Duolun Code" was transcribed into Han and Mongolian documents, carefully bound, each tribal prince Taiji had a copy, Zhu Yihai took the lead, held the Duolun Code in front of his chest, and swore an oath with the princes and Taiji to jointly uphold the authority of the code For the Codex, everyone rises up to fight against it!
From now on, the various ministries will manage their own affairs, and will pay tribute to Beijing on a regular basis as agreed. If the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty conscripts troops abroad, each ministries must send troops to assist by order.

All Khans and Taijis who inherit the title need to be canonized by the Son of Heaven.

The children of the Mongolian nobles had to go to Beijing to study and serve as guards before they took over the title. Every generation of Wanggongtaiji’s family had to send at least one daughter to Beijing for marriage. Wanggongtaiji had to be named and married by the emperor...

It is also stipulated in the code that the Son of Heaven recognizes and respects Mongolia’s belief in the Gelug Sect of the Tibetan Yellow Sect, allows the Gelug Sect to freely build temples and preach in the north and south of Mobei, allows herdsmen to become lamas, and encourages princes and nobles to live in their own lands. Build temples, give temples tax exemptions.

It also allows herdsmen to be exempted from military service and taxes after becoming a lama.

However, the emperor also required that monks must be pious to worship the Buddha, and all monks must not marry wives or have children...

The emperor had strict management over Buddhism, Taoism and foreign religions in the Central Plains, but now he is so tolerant of the Mongolians who believe in the Gelug Sect of Tibetan Buddhism. The Mongolian princes are very satisfied. It has been a long time since the Mongolians converted from shamanism to Tibetan Buddhism. The dispute between the Yellow Sect and the Mongolian princes also fought fiercely. Lin Dan Khan once insisted that the Mongols convert to the Red Sect and abandon the Yellow Sect, but in the end they lost all their hearts.

The princes thought that the emperor was gentle and pacifying Mongolia, but they didn’t know that Zhu Yihai wished that they all believed in the Yellow Sect, wished that their families would send a son to become a lama, wished that these Mongolian princes would often go to Tibet to make tea. If there is no strong person to control the temple, it will inevitably be the same as in history.

Just like when the Three Wus exterminated Buddhism, when the restraint is lost, even Buddhism will inevitably pose a great threat to the country. They will occupy the land, and the temple economy will also affect the national taxation. Many young and strong become monks, reducing the national labor force. A large number of fields do not pay land taxes, and the industries operated by temples do not pay taxes. Many common people and businessmen even send their properties to temples to avoid taxes, which seriously affects the country.

Historically, the Manchu Qing Dynasty also intentionally encouraged and supported the Mongolians who believed in Lamaism. In order to show their piety, these Mongolian nobles donated their land, livestock, gold and silver property, and their subjects to the temple, and exempted lamas from military service and taxes. and other servants.

Temples occupy more and more land, livestock and subjects, forming temple territory. In the Qing Dynasty, there were thousands of temples and 10,000+ lamas.

Mongolian herdsmen live frugally and donate most of their hard-earned income to temples, hoping to be blessed by the gods, overcome the sea of ​​suffering, ascend to heaven after death, and find happiness in the afterlife.

Birth, old age, sickness, death, marriage, festivals, etc. must be chanted by lamas, divination of ominous fortune and auspiciousness and liberation.

Even if the family has multiple children, one of the sons will be sent to a monastery to be a lama.

The sturdy Mongols who once conquered the world and their empire spanned Asia, Africa and Europe, since they believed in Buddhism, it can be said that they have completely changed from lions to sheep.

For Zhu Yihai, of course he prefers such a gentle Mongolia. After all, it is difficult to directly rule the Mongolian grassland. It would be better to have a neighbor who likes to believe in Buddhism and recite scriptures, than a robber neighbor who shouts and kills every day, right?
The Mongolians wanted to believe in Buddhism, build monasteries, and become a monk. Zhu Yihai supported it with both hands. He even expressed his intention to build a large lamasery in Duolun, and then go to Tibet to invite a reincarnated Living Buddha to come over.

In the future, Duolun will not only be a meeting place, but will also become an important grassland border city and trade center. There will also be a large lamasery here, and even a lama Buddhist academy supported by the emperor. This matter, the emperor fully supports.

Whether it’s going to Tibet to make tea, or sending noble children to pay homage to the Buddha, or inviting living Buddhas and great lamas, building Buddhist temples, donating land, livestock, subjects, money, and sending children to become monks, all support.

Never interfere.

The emperor can even confer titles on them, give them gold seals and books, and even give them salaries and rewards. The only thing is, it’s good to only preach in Mongolia and snowy areas, and it doesn’t matter if they don’t come to Han.

(End of this chapter)