Haisheng Mingdi

Chapter 801
November, the fourth day, heavy snow.

"Chilechuan, under the Yin Mountain. The sky is like a dome, covering the four fields.

The sky is gray and wild.When the wind blows the grass, the cattle and sheep are low. "

Zhu Yihai came in the wrong season, it was winter, the northwest wind was blowing, the sky was covered with dark clouds, and the snow fell intermittently.

I didn't see the sight of cattle and sheep under the wind blowing grass, but I saw the scenery of the northern country covered in ice for thousands of miles.

The emperor was currently in Guihua City, Qiantao, one of the three Hetao plains.

"I Dahan didn't expect that his Kuku and Tun Hohhot are now Guihua City, the provincial capital of my Daming Suiyuan Province?"

The emperor toured the west all the way, feeling somewhat leisurely, leaving Beijing after the beginning of spring, from March to November, and ended up still in Guihua City on the Qiantao Plain.

Tour in Xuanhua in late spring, meet in Duolun in Bashang in early summer, shoot and hunt in Mulan paddock in midsummer, and travel west along the Yinshan Grassland in early autumn.

After winter, arrive at Tumochuan at the foot of Daqing Mountain.

"It's hard to imagine that this city was actually built by the Mongols." Wen Anzhi couldn't help but sigh with emotion. The scale of this city is very large, and it looks even more amazing under the radiance of the mountains and mountains.

This is a city made of blue bricks, and it looks blue in the distance. In the sixth year of Longqing in the Ming Dynasty, Altan Khan, the leader of Tumote and the leader of [-] households on the left wing, summoned skilled craftsmen to imitate the Yuan Dynasty. , broke ground and built this Qingcheng.

There are eight buildings and glazed gold and silver halls.

When Hohhot was built, I Dahan, the grandson of Dayan Khan, was also old and sick. Although the left-wing leader moved eastward even though the Khan was persecuting him, he also revised the law and called himself Khan, but he could not escape the years.When Guihua City was officially built, it was mainly presided over by San Niangzi.

The city was built in the third year of Wanli, and the imperial court named it Guihua City.In the ninth year of Wanli, the city was expanded again, and a magnificent outer city was built.

It's just that after Altan Khan and San Niangzi passed away successively, neither the left-wing [-] households nor the Tumed tribe had any more capable descendants, and they fell into endless internal strife.

In the seventh year of Apocalypse, Mongolian orthodox Lin Dan Khan led the Chahar tribe to conquer the west of Guihua City and seize the Silver Buddha Temple. In the fifth year of Chongzhen, Huang Taiji defeated Lin Dan Khan and chased to Guihua City and set fire to the city, leaving only the Silver Buddha Temple.

After the Qing army conquered Chahar and Tumed, they rebuilt the city on the ruins of Guihua City and renamed it Sanniangzi City.

The left and right wing banners were divided into Guihuacheng Tumed, under the command of Dutong, and Dutong was supplemented by the Jingbanners. If they did not join the alliance, they belonged to Inner Mongolia.

Now, Zhu Yihai established Suiyuan Province, which is composed of Datong, Shuozhou, Jining, Guihua, Suiyuan, Baotou, Jiuyuan and Ordos.

Guihua City is directly under the jurisdiction of Daming, with prefectures and counties.

Hetao and Ordos adopt a special governance model. The two prefectures of Ningxia and Datong in the east and west are the actual control areas of the Ming Dynasty, while Ordos, Dongtao, and the north of Qingshan are the former Mongolian grazing lands.

Now the imperial court has classified them as a province, Ningxia Datong is still directly under the jurisdiction, while other places, such as Xitao, are now mixed with Han and Mongolian. It adopts the model of household registration and Qimin, which is no longer subordinate to the Dudufu, and is not governed by the Mongolian princes.

In Houtao, Ordos, and Qingshanbei, Mongolian autonomy was adopted, plus some counties established by the imperial court, such as Baotou and Jiuyuan, and the prefectures and counties of the imperial court did not overlap with the Mongolian Duhu and Dudufu.

Those within the county boundaries of the imperial court are managed by the imperial court's registered households for tax collection, and those within the Mongolian governor's mansion are still managed by the princes of various Mongolian ministries.

The imperial court made some concessions, but in fact they had already penetrated deep into the grassland.

After withdrawing from Hetao in the middle of Ming Dynasty, only Ningxia Xitao was left. The rest of Ordos and Front and Front Taos were all owned by Mongolia. It is also because Tumot in the front set was repeatedly beaten and disabled by Lin Danhan and Hou Jin.

The Qing court had implemented internal management of Tumed and could no longer be autonomous, so Zhu Yihai took the opportunity to go further and directly set up a prefecture and county under Suiyuan Province. The Chilechuan took back.

Some Mongolian herdsmen directly register as householders of Qimin.

For Ordos, which is still very strong, the imperial court did not rush to act, but to appease them first. Ordos and Houtao, plus Qingshan and Langshan, were assigned to them, and a Duhufu and [-] Dudufu were set up for them to govern themselves. , Temporarily formed such a situation of jagged teeth.

Although Monan Mongolia has set up three Protectorate Houses and canonized three Khans, among them is Tumed Khan, but this Tumed Khan was the grandson of Alda Khan, Gertu, who escaped from Chahar and moved eastward to become Tumed East Road. Or other departments, now canonized as Khan, commanding the twelve departments on the right.

Those who lived on the West Road back then passed down four generations from Alda Khan to Boshuo Ketu Khan, and refused to submit to Lin Dan Khan. He once defeated three thousand reinforcements from the Ming Dynasty invited by Lin Danhan.

But after his death, Lin Dan Khan took advantage of the chaos to conquer Guihua City, conquered the Tumote tribe, Bo Shuoktu Khan's son Ombu surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, and later Jin said that they rebelled and were deprived of the right to govern the tribe. The titles of tribal princes and dukes were abolished, and Guluge and Hang Gao, who had different surnames, were in charge.

The left wing is weak, and once the [-] households were under the leadership of Altan Khan and San Niangzi, the Ming Dynasty was forced to pay tribute and negotiate with them, trade with them, and even bestow the title of King Shunyi.

They once drove the suzerain Chahar to Daxing'anling.

It is said that wealth cannot last for three generations, but Mongolia is often not as strong as three generations.

Datin Khan and Altan Khan, the so-called heroes, are not as powerful as the three generations.

Mongolia's enfeoffment system will inevitably lead to internal strife and disputes. Datin Khan unified the tribes, established [-] households, and entrusted his descendants to each tribe as the leader. As a result, after his grandson succeeded him, Altan Khan and his sons refused to accept him.

Today's Guihua City is still somewhat dilapidated.

Hou Jin rebuilt Sanniangzi City on the ruins, but he didn't stay for a few years. He took away a large number of people and livestock before leaving, and set fire to it before leaving. Then Ordos also came to sweep it again.

The Ming army left the pass, Ordos withdrew, and the Ming army entered and began to repair here.

And opened a border market here, recruited Ordos and other Mongolian ministries, Guihua City has recovered some vitality, left Ningxia, Zhonggui, right Datong.

This year, troops were successively sent to Jiuyuan in Houtao, Baotou, Helinger, Tuoketuo, Liangcheng in Qiantao, and Wuchuan in Shanbei.

The garrison moved their family members, and then began to arrange for the towns to come, and they also brought their families to guard the fields. They also built post roads, set up post posts along the post roads, recruited post soldiers and their families, and exiled criminals. Placed in various farm pastures.

When Zhu Yihai came, it was already a bit of a weather here.

But in general, it is still only guarding some points, and the population is very small.

It is very common for Mongolian herdsmen to come and nomadicly cross the border. After the Ordos Khan Erlinchen Duolun League returned, they ordered vigilance, and the governors also sent people to pass the message. The situation of crossing the border has been restrained.

But there are too few Han Chinese, which is still a serious problem.

There are now quite a few affiliated Mongolians in the territory of the Han Dynasty in Suiyuan, many of which belonged to the former Guihua City Tumed, and some of the former Xie Yongbu Wanhu. These two thousand households have basically been wiped out. Some herdsmen, such as Wulianghawan, who were destroyed and assigned to various ministries, became lonely and widowed during the turmoil, lost the protection of their families and tribes, and even became slaves or hired labor.

Many people can only graze for the tribal leaders or wealthy herdsmen, but directly hire or hand over the female animals to graze. They can get milk, hair, etc., and the female animals and cubs belong to the owners.

These people lived a very hard life, without the protection of the tribe, and they did not have their own ethnic group and property, and they were exploited by temples, Houjin, and tribes. After the Ming army came, they gave them the right to choose.

You can stay, naturalize in Ming Dynasty, register as a householder, you can be a herdsman or a farmer, and you can assign them pastures for farming or grazing. The ranch or the royal ranch work and graze.

The specifics are definitely much better than before, and food and clothing are not a problem.

The imperial court even arranged blind dates and marriages for those single herdsmen, and matched them with official media. Under these conditions, it is true that many of these scattered herdsmen joined the imperial court and became naturalized households.

"The former set of land is so fertile and fertile, it can be cultivated and pastured, and there is a lot to do. It is necessary to increase immigration."

"Now it can't be moved, no one can move it."

Monarchs and ministers sat on the tower of Guihua City, watching the snow scene, surrounded by screens on three sides, set up a charcoal stove, roasted some mutton by the way, and warmed a pot of rice wine, which was not bad.

But when it comes to the immigration issue, Wen Anzhi, the very capable chief assistant, is also a little helpless.

"I think some people are not willing to cooperate with the imperial court's policies?" The emperor was a little unhappy. Zhu Yihai had only raised his troops for a few years, but there was a lot of noise. Or it may be that the stalls are allocated to the mu, and the officials and gentry pay the food together, under the coercion and temptation of the emperor with a sword and sugar, it can be regarded as a staggering process.

As the emperor regained the Central Plains, immigrants were everywhere.

The emperor took out a large amount of official land due to wars, famines, and former Huangzhuang vassal fields and military garrison fields to distribute to the soldiers and officials of the new dynasty, or sold them to the people at a low price. It has won many hearts and supports, but it has also been harming and threatening the interests of the gentry and landlords.

The reason is very simple. Clearing up the land, not only clearing up the official land and military settlements that have been invaded over the years, but also clearing up the donations, etc., plus the hidden and unreported open up of wasteland, or the use of cooked food as wasteland, etc., which made them lose money. Not small.

However, the land is allocated to the mu, and the officials and gentry pay the grain together, not to mention that they have to pay as much land tax as there are fields, which is really unavoidable.

However, the imperial court now distributes land and grants land, and various immigrants, which brings a more serious problem. Many landlords and gentry who own many fields are now facing the problem of having land but no one to cultivate. What's more troublesome is that the imperial court stipulates that , The land abandoned will be fined, and it will be confiscated if it has been abandoned for more than three years.

In the past, land mergers were serious, and many people lost their land and had no land, so they could only cultivate the land owned by the landlords and gentry. The land was scarce and there were many people.

But now, the imperial court has not only drawn the red line of land rent, but also moved a large number of landless farmers away, and distributed and sold land to many poor people, making them become self-cultivated farmers, and the pressure on the landlords is great.

No matter how much land there is, someone has to cultivate it. If they don’t grow it, they will be fined or even confiscated. Under pressure, they have no choice but to reduce the land rent, but it is still difficult to rent it out. It is also difficult to hire long-term and short-term laborers to cultivate. In Daxing, entering mines and factories is better than being a permanent or part-time worker.

If you want to recruit long-term or short-term workers, you have to raise wages.

In the past, it was enough to hire a long-term worker, including food and housing, and three taels of silver a year, but now, in addition to food and housing, ten silver dollars a year may not be able to recruit a good long-term worker. The conditions are good, there must be meat every day during the busy farming season, and you can't just pass it away with pig intestines and lungs, at least you have to have a pig's head.

The imperial court continued to immigrate, and gave them land to the north or the frontier where there were many lands and few lands. The poor were naturally happy and had their own fields. Work harder, and at least the next generation will be at ease.

But for those landowners, no one is exploiting who?

In the past, if you have money, you can buy land, not to mention a huge profit, and you will never lose money. It can not only exploit farmers and tenants, but also evade taxes.

Those poor people who are involved now either go to work in factories or go to the mountains to mine mines, or they are allocated fields or bought land in installments, and each of them tends their own fields all day long. make some money.

In the past, cheap labor was everywhere, and it was easy to hire long-term and part-time workers, but now it is difficult, and even the land is not easy to rent out.

Now there is a trend in the government and the public to resist the expansion and immigration of the imperial court. Some people openly say that the emperor is very happy, and even resorted to military affairs. In fact, these policies of the imperial court have harmed the interests of the gentry and landlords.

They wished that those people were poor and trapped in their manor fields, renting out land from them, or becoming their long-term laborers, all year round, and most of the final harvest went into their pockets, and even some weddings and funerals, birth, old age, sickness and death, Or famine or something, you can only ask them to borrow money, and then you can make a lot of money, and you will be completely reduced to their slaves.

The more poor there are, the more secure they are.

Now the emperor is clearing their fields, letting them gentry pay for food, and at the same time granting land to the poor, so how can they live?
You can't work in the fields by yourself, can you?

Some people call for the restoration of the world and the revival of the Ming Dynasty. Then the old rules should be restored, and the gentry should be preferentially exempted.

Some even say that the state should not interfere with things like land rent and loans.

Anyway, this evil wind has become more and more severe. The emperor went on a tour, met the Mongols outside the Great Wall, and wanted to go to the Western Regions. They kept denying that this was the tyranny of Qin Shihuang and Yang Guang, and they should not be emulated.

The horses should be released to Nanshan, the weapons should be put into the warehouse, and recuperate. It is best to seal off the country, live behind closed doors, and don't interfere too much in outside affairs.

He also said that moving the people to Taiwan, Hainan, Liaodong, and Saibei is a policy of suffering and harming the people. They should not torture the people like this, and they should not be allowed to leave their homes and leave their ancestral graves unattended.

"The Tartars have just been driven away, but they can still be wiped out. Now that the good times have not passed yet, some people want to counterattack and reckon, and want to return to the old days. May I ask, is this a betrayal?

Mr. Wen, you are the chief assistant, how do you think the court should deal with the evil trend in the court and the public? "

Of course Wen Anzhi is aware of the current direction of the trend, "I believe that we should treat it with caution, and we must not act too hastily."

(End of this chapter)