Siheyuan: The Era of Core Generation

Chapter 75 Do You Know Integrated Circuits?
It took Zhao Ye a lot of effort to explain to Professor Ci what an LCD panel is. That's not counting. In Zhao Ye's messy laboratory, Zhao Ye even demonstrated it for Professor Ci himself. Some of the experiments process.

A complete experiment is impossible, not because Zhao Ye is unwilling, but because the materials do not allow it.Another one, there is not enough time.

However, only part of the experiment has made Professor Ci realize that this is a remarkable invention.This should not even be called an invention, it should be called a discovery.

If this is written into a paper, as long as it is published, Zhao Ye will be a master in this field!He is almost equivalent to allowing the liquid crystal material to be applied in a new field. This pioneering achievement will be recorded in the annals of science.

After getting excited, Professor Ci remembered to ask Zhao Ye what he planned to do with this thing.

"Professor, I want to make a calculator." Zhao Ye replied honestly.

"Calculator?" Professor Ci pondered for a moment, searched the word in his mind, and then remembered that he saw a circuit diagram drawn by Zhao Ye a few months ago, and mentioned this name to himself.

"Are you going to use this thing on a calculator?" Professor Ci thought it was very possible, but he still asked.

"That's right, the calculator itself is for ordinary people to use. You can't bring out a pile of paper like a large computer. How can ordinary people use it?" Zhao Ye said it was a matter of course.

"But, such a good technology, shouldn't it be applied to computers? This can greatly improve the efficiency of computer reading results." Professor Ci said more for granted.

"Professor, how long do you have to make this segment code display! Any scientific data must have dozens or even hundreds of digits. It might not be as comfortable as using paper tape directly."

"That's not necessarily true. Have you ever read paper tape data? Those things make people's brains hurt." Professor Ci obviously had a similar experience, and recalling it now, he still looks pained.

"Well...you are right, we can make a translator, just use our segment code display, store the calculation results in a data array, and then use a simple translation circuit to display in segments Decimal numbers are fine, and we can also make a page-turning function to allow researchers to record the numbers on the display section by section." Zhao Ye thought, it is really possible to do this.It just feels a little too earthy.

In fact, he didn't know that it would be nice to have a computer like that in this era.Every computer in the world is counted as one, and they all use paper tapes.

"This is really doable!" Professor Ci was encouraged, and he immediately said: "You do this, you remove this display screen, and I will take it to the computing office for them to see. It will definitely be very popular. "

As soon as Zhao Ye heard that he was going to take this, he immediately became a little reluctant, but he was not reluctant. As long as he had a sample of this kind of thing, he could have as many as he wanted.

It's just that his display screen is being tested, and he wants to see how many times the display life of the thing he rubbed out can last.

"Professor Ci, look at this thing of mine. I just made it. No, it's being tested. I don't know what its lifespan limit is. In addition, I just want to see how much pressure the integrated circuits that support it can withstand. .” Zhao Ye explained patiently.

"Integrated circuits? Do you still understand integrated circuits?" At this moment, Professor Ci was even more surprised than when he saw this magical display screen just now. He never imagined that Zhao Ye also understood this thing.

You know, the concept of the current integrated circuit was just proposed two years ago. In the year when Zhao Ye traveled through time, a man named Jack Kilby from the old American side proposed this concept a year earlier. Conceived, and then a year later, in February 1960, his research institute issued the patent.

Even so, the technology isn't that complicated of a thing at this point.The world's first integrated circuit is a germanium chip with a size of 0.12X0.4 inches. The familiar unit is about 3 millimeters wide and one centimeter long.And there is only a simple circuit above.

This is the earliest chip!Even if it has only one circuit, it is still the originator of the cpu in your mobile phone and computer.

In this era, everyone is still figuring out how to make more sophisticated integrated circuits.But smart people are everywhere, just this year, that is, '971.The world's first lithography machine, Model 1, has been produced by Davidmann.It is said to be accurate to [-] micron.

However, it is extremely crude and has almost no practical application value, but it also pointed out a direction for scientists in the world.It was not until the second year that the second-generation product 1080 with production capacity was available.

Four years after the invention of the world's first lithography machine, our country also produced the first contact lithography machine.Code: Type 65 contact lithography machine.

Laomei's side is almost the same technical level.The lithography machines of this era are basically all manual, but they already have a little productivity.

The arrival of Zhao Ye, of course, followed the path that others have walked.He is currently rubbing out a lithography machine.When many people hear this name, they feel extremely tall.Of course, the current lithography machines are so tall, there is no doubt about this.The big guy weighs hundreds of tons and has tens of thousands of parts. It is said that the movement speed of the lens and base has caught up with a jet plane.

But that is the crystallization of 60 years of scientific and technological progress. The current technology has not yet begun to crystallize.Therefore, the first-generation lithography machine is almost a "camera" in disguise.

Use light to pass through the template and irradiate the germanium wafer coated with photoresist. The hollowed out part of the template can transmit light. When the light shines on the photoresist, the photoresist will undergo a certain chemical reaction and then solidify. .

After the curing process is stable, remove the uncured photoresist on the germanium wafer.Then use a chemical method to etch the part without photoresist.

Then use chemical methods to fill the corroded place with other elements, so that an electronic component is produced.

Then what to do?

Then wash off the cured photoresist with another chemical reagent, apply the photoresist again, and then change another template for exposure, and process another component... In this way, we know that all components are Processing is complete.

Finally, all the components are processed, and then the connected circuits are processed in the same way.An integrated circuit is completed.

The processing method is so cumbersome, and all are done manually, one can imagine how low the production efficiency is at this time and how difficult the processing is.

Therefore, the current "chip" production is almost equivalent to a handicraft.

The chip that Zhao Ye has produced so far has an accuracy of 1 micron, which is about a dozen microns or so.What is the concept of more than ten microns?

To give a vivid example, the diameter of human hair is between 120 microns and 10 microns.That is to say, if the chip made by Zhao Ye is not sealed with resin material, the circuit on it can almost be seen with the naked eye.If you have a magnifying glass with a larger multiple, you can see clearly.

The chip at this time is actually called a chip. Although it is also flaky, it is not considered a large-scale integrated circuit.Because the precision of processing is still low, it still stays at the level of small-scale integration.In later generations, this type of chip is generally called a patch.

No matter what kind of chip, it is actually synonymous with integrated circuit, but the application technology is different, and the use function is also somewhat different.

Professor Ci didn't know the difference between a chip and a patch at this time, he just called it an integrated circuit.

Looking at some finished and semi-finished products here, he was mesmerized.In his eyes, these things are simply works of art.

The concept of integrated circuits has only been formed for two or three years, and our country has just started research on this.

Unexpectedly, Professor Ci saw such an exquisite application from a freshman student.

Although these exist like garbage in Zhao Ye's eyes, at this time point in this era, this is the most advanced integrated circuit in the world.none of them.

Professor Ci has the concept of integrated circuits, but when it comes to specific application research, he has not done in-depth research.

But it doesn't matter, for such a high-level scholar, he has a basic concept in his mind, and compared the drawings and real objects, he understood the function of this thing in a very short time.

Originally, Professor Ci came to inform Zhao Ye to go back to take the exam tomorrow, but he was overjoyed to see Lie Xin, and he had already forgotten about it.It wasn't until it was very late, and Professor Ci's mental exhaustion had affected his thinking speed, that he thought of going home.

The teacher was leaving, so of course Zhao Ye had to see him off.In fact, he was also a little tired. Professor Ci asked questions all day, and Zhao Ye explained the same thing. Even with the help of space, he seemed a little tired.

After seeing off Professor Ci, he thought he should also rest.It's convenient for him to live here.

When Professor Ci got on his bicycle, got out of the gate of the joint factory, and saw the gate of the school, he remembered that he hadn't told Zhao Ye about the exam tomorrow.

"Hey! I was so busy learning about integrated circuits that I forgot what I was here for!" Professor Ci said to himself regretfully, then turned around again and rode back towards the joint factory.

When the guard saw that the man had just left and came back, he asked if something had been left behind, and opened the gate to let him enter the factory again.

When Professor Ci saw Zhao Ye again, he saw that this guy had already started to wash.

"Zhao Ye, I forgot to tell you. The final exam tomorrow starts at 9 o'clock. Don't forget to go."

With a toothbrush in his mouth, Zhao Ye stared blankly at Professor Ci, and said to himself, "You should have said it earlier, I'm going to bed now, and you told me I'll have an exam tomorrow, isn't that harmful?"

(End of this chapter)