The Rise of the Cold Gate in the Eastern Jin Dynasty

Chapter 158 "The scenery of flying birds is not moving!"

Xiao Qinzhi has proved himself with his strength, and his talent has been unanimously recognized by everyone. This is very important, very important, very important. Important things must be emphasized three times.

In this era, there are roughly two points for the division of a person and the identification of identity:

First, through origin, that is, a circle of top gentry despises low-level gentry, low-level gentry jointly despises poor families, and poor families jointly despise Guishou and refugees.

For example, Lu Chu, Gu Kaizhi, Zhu Yu, and Zhang Xuanzhi are known as the "Four Great Talents in Wu County". Could it be that among the young talents in Wu people, there is no talent comparable to them?
There must be!

Start with a bowl, a Huaixi gang, let alone a place as big as Sanwu.

It's a pity that the four surnames of Wu County are born superior to others. Even if your talent can reach it, your family background is not up to it, and you are still not qualified. Although you can't meet the qualifications for ranking, you already have the qualifications to associate with them.

The reason Xiao Qin was able to get along with them was that his talent was recognized by them, otherwise, how could he not have seen them get along with Zhao Yunfei and Xu Miao before?
Second, his own talent. Although Xiao Qinzhi still suffers from contempt because of his background, it is quite different from the beginning. Being recognized for his talent means that he has half-footed into this circle and can understand this circle.

When you want to break a circle but are temporarily unable to break it, the best way is to join them, become one of them, adapt to their rules, and then things will be much easier.

Let us turn our attention once again to young talents from aristocratic families who want to regain their place. The current situation is not good for them. Yu Ran’s lesson from the past is right in front of us, but they are born noble, and their self-esteem dictates that this place I have to look for it, so I am very entangled.

Suddenly, there is, since the big road can't be taken, then take the small road, "debate" lies in the word "debate", as long as it is "debate", it doesn't matter what the "debate" is?
Yuan Fai, from the Yuan family in Chenjun, is a new top gentry family, similar to the Diao family in Jingkou. Before the south crossing, his reputation was not obvious, but after the south crossing, he gradually rose to become the iconic figure Yuan Dan.

Yuan Dan, courtesy name Yandao, is different from ordinary people. He is not good at writing, but is good at "gambling". When Huan Wen was young, he was fond of gambling and often lost everything. He asked Yuan Dan to help him win money, and Yuan Dan had a superb gambling skill. Skills can always be turned over, so much so that people give him the nickname "God of Gamblers".

In fact, it is not that exaggerated. This example is to show that Yuan Dan and Huan Wen have a good relationship. Although Huan Wen has a lot of support for the Yuan family of Chen Jun in the future, the real reason for their rise is because the Yuan family of Chen Jun was in the chaos of destroying Su Jun. , made great efforts.

Yuan Po is also a master who does not follow the usual path, he is quite similar to his grandfather Yuan Dan. Others are good at "clear talk", but he is good at "sophistry". Sophistry is useful.

The first debate topic is the familiar "white horse is not a horse", which is one of the famous "21 things". The person who proposed it is called Gongsun Long, who is a representative of the "famous" Li Jianbai faction and the founder of "sophistry". , "Famous scholars" were active in the middle and late Warring States period, advocating the theory of "rectification of names and facts", that is, to "correct each other's right and wrong, so that names and facts match". They are good at debating, good at logical analysis and exploring the laws of thinking, so they called "debaters".

The background of this debate took place in the State of Zhao. At that time, horses were plagued by severe infectious diseases. The State of Qin strictly prevented the plague from spreading into the country, so they posted a notice at the Hangu Pass, prohibiting the entry of horses from the State of Zhao.

On this day, it happened that Gongsun Long came to Hangu Pass on a white horse.

The customs official said: "You can enter the customs, but horses cannot."

Gongsun Long argued: "A white horse is not a horse, why can't it pass the test?"

The official said: "A white horse is a horse."

Gongsun Long said: "Is my Gongsun Long a dragon?"

The customs officer was taken aback, but he still insisted: "According to the regulations, as long as it is a horse from Zhao State, you cannot enter the customs, regardless of whether you are a white horse or a black horse."

Gongsun Long smiled slightly and began to fool around, saying: "Ma refers to the name, white" refers to the color, and the name and color are not the same concept. The concept of "white horse" is divided into "white" and "horse". Or 'horse' and 'white', these are two different concepts. For example, if you want a horse, you can give it a yellow horse or a black horse, but if you want a white horse, you can't give it a black horse or a yellow horse. Horses are not the same thing! So a white horse is not a horse.”

The more the customs officials listened, the more confused they became, and they were confused by Gongsun Long's high-spirited talk. They didn't know how to respond, so they had no choice but to let Gongsun Long pass the customs on a white horse.

Therefore, Gongsun Long's "White Horse Theory" became famous for a while.

This debate breaks the connection between the commonality and individuality of things, and there are logical flaws. It can be said that "a white horse is a horse", but it cannot be said that "a white horse is not a horse", because a horse is a necessary condition for a white horse, but it is not a necessary and sufficient condition. ; On the contrary, colored horses (including white horses) are necessary and sufficient conditions for horses.

Therefore, a colored horse must be a horse, and cannot be a horse.

There is a detailed explanation of the necessary and sufficient conditions in mathematics, which Xiao Qin has heard before, and now that he thinks about it again, he can break this topic very easily, and asked with a smile: "If there is no horse, there will be no white horse. For horses, there are white horses, and if white horses are not horses, then there can be white horses without horses, and vice versa, so white horses are horses.”

This is a bit confusing and not easy for people to understand. Xiao Qinzhi thought for a while and then said: "Since a white horse is not a horse, a white lotus is not a lotus, a wife is not a wife, a son is not a son, a man is not a human, and a woman is not a human."

"Hey!" The audience exclaimed for a while, and many people suddenly realized that although this topic of debate had been solved long ago, Xiao Qinzhi explained it in very simple and concise language in a very short period of time, and it is true.

Yuan Po was dumbfounded for a moment, he didn't expect Xiao Qinzhi to easily break the first topic of debate, and immediately launched the second move, which is "the scene of flying birds, not moving!"

Zeno, a scholar in ancient Greece, once put forward a similar debate titled "Flying Arrows Don't Move". He believed that a shot arrow is flying, passing through many points in a certain period of time, and staying at a certain point every moment; The collection of points is still at rest, so the flying arrow is said to be motionless.

"Flying arrows don't move" and "The sight of flying birds is not moving!" There are similarities, that is, the famous masters' views on the relationship between movement and stillness.Flying birds are moving, but "Scenery of Flying Birds (Shadow)" is a momentary projection of the bird, not motionless.

That's because many individual projections are connected together.

This topic of debate by Keiko, a famous scholar in the Warring States Period, initially saw the dialectical relationship between movement (movement) and stillness (stillness), and saw that there is stillness in movement, and movement in stillness.

But this debate is incorrect from a certain point of view. It cuts off the connection between material and movement, and denies the objective movement of objects. How can we make birds stay still in the air?

Of course, if Xiao Qinzhi said directly: "If the bird does not stop, the shadow will move." It is true that this debate can be solved by avoiding the seriousness, but at the same time it seems to be very unlevel, because its essence is a philosophical problem.

So how did Xiao Qinzhi solve it?

Xiao Qinzhi gave everyone a unique lesson with paper and pen. First, he introduced the relationship between points and lines. On a piece of paper, countless points are connected together to form a line. If each point is regarded as a The projections just formed the whole movement of "The scenery of flying birds is not moving".

Therefore, from a mathematical point of view, there are countless points. There are countless projections of birds and scenery. It is calculus, which goes from zero to one infinitely.

But the objective fact is that the birds and the shadows are a complete continuous movement of time and space, there is no possibility of stopping halfway, and it is even more impossible to stand still and become a projection, thus the paradox arises.

Now, everyone gradually understands.

(End of this chapter)