Master Archaeologist
Chapter 217 Turquoise Holy Stone
Chapter 217 Turquoise Holy Stone
It is based on the fragments of the Dunhuang ancient Tibetan document "Tubo Major Events Chronicle" and the British Tibetan Dunhuang document "Achai Chronicle".
It is preliminarily presumed that the owner of the silver-gold alloy seal unearthed from Tomb No. [-] in Xinxuewei is the "nephew King Achai" during the Tubo rule.
And further analysis of the ancient Tibetan words "Nephew A Chai King" on the seal refers to the 36th generation Zanpu of Tubo, the younger sister of Dusong Mangboje and the son of Princess Chibang - Mohe Tuhun Khan.
Zanpu Chisong Dezan, the 37th generation of Tubo, and Princess Chibang are contemporaries.
Therefore, the seal is "Nephew King A Chai".
Regarding this title, there are actually records in history.
Tuyuhun was originally from the Murong Xianbei tribe in eastern Liaodong.
At the beginning of the 4th century AD, it moved westward to the Yinshan area.
During the Jin Yongjia Rebellion, it moved to Linxia and settled in Gannan and Qinghai. Tuyuhun merged the surrounding Qiang, Di and other tribes and continued to grow, establishing the Tuyuhun Kingdom.
From the establishment of the Tuyuhun Kingdom in the early 5th century AD, it was destroyed by Tubo in the third year of Longshuo (663).
Tuyuhun Kingdom lasted more than 350 years.
When the Tuyuhun Kingdom was strong, it was a powerful regional regime with a land area of [-] miles from east to west and [-] miles from north to south, completely controlling the Qinghai area.
However, Tubo, which grew stronger on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the 7th century AD, established a unified Tubo dynasty after conquering the tribes of Yangtong and Subi.
For Tubo, Tuyuhun, which was located between Tang and Tibet, naturally became the first object of conquest by the powerful Tubo dynasty when it expanded outwards.
In 663 A.D., Tubo attacked Tuyuhun on a large scale, and directly defeated the Tuyuhun regime in one fell swoop.
Murong Nuohebo, the last king of Tuyuhun Kingdom, and Princess Honghua led thousands of Tuyuhun people to Liangzhou in Tang Dynasty.
Afterwards, Tuyuhun came under the rule of Tubo, and the pro-Tibetan forces who remained in the hometown of Tuyuhun in Qinghai were brought under the rule of Tubo, and they were called the Achai tribe.
In order to further consolidate the regime, Tubo established a new Khan in the Achai tribe as the lord of the state.
In 689, Princess Chibang married the new Lord of Achai, and formed a special uncle-nephew relationship with Tubo, assisting the Tubo government in handling ethnic and state affairs.
Mohe Tuhun Khan, the son of Princess Chibang, became the first "nephew King Achai" in history.
Although it is said that this Xinxuewei No. [-] tomb has been stolen very seriously.
But the appearance of this seal is already important enough.
It can be seen from the seal that the owner of the tomb is King Tuyuhun, and the "nephew" in the seal shows the marriage relationship between King Tuyuhun and the Tubo royal family.
This undoubtedly provides the most accurate archaeological proof for historical materials.
In the "New Book of Tang Tubo Biography", there is a record of "Tuyuhun and Tubo's native nephew and uncle country".
But there has been a lack of definite proof other than written records.
Now, at last.
Following the double proof method of modern Chinese archaeology, combined with the mutual confirmation of literature and archaeological unearthed objects.
With regard to the relationship between the nephew and uncle between Tubo and Tuyuhun, an accurate conclusion can finally be made, and it has become an undeniable fact of history!
However, this is the most important cultural relic in the main tomb.
After the seal was discovered, the archaeological clean-up work of the main tomb has basically come to an end.
There is no way, what the tomb robbers searched is too clean.
Just for the gang of tomb robbers caught this time, there were 646 burial objects recovered.
And they are not the first wave of patrons of this tomb.
There are four robbery holes in the main tomb alone.
In addition to those on the tomb passage and other side rooms, it is estimated that this tomb has been stolen at least a dozen times in the past 1000 years.
The tomb robbers arrested this time were the last batch, and they were also the cleanest batch. They had already taken away as much cultural relics as they could.
In addition to the seal in the main tomb, several scattered coffin boards were found near the coffin bed.
The surface of the remnant coffin slab is painted black and red and gilded, and the painted content is no longer recognizable.
However, a large amount of archaeological data proves that the decoration of painted wooden coffins is a tradition of the Xianbei people in the Northern Dynasties (Northern Wei Dynasty).
In other words, although Tuyuhun is a Xianbei tribe that moved westward, not the Xianbei tribe that moved southward from the Northern Wei branch, there are still many similarities between the two.
After all, they are all Xianbei people.
This is the difference between South Korea and North Korea.
After discovering the board, it was the last surprise for everyone.
The museum board itself is really not a surprise, and the pictures are not clear.
But after picking up the board, a turquoise-encrusted gold chain pressed under the coffin board came into the eyes of the archaeologists.
This gold chain ends with a turquoise-inlaid square clasp with a ring on one side.
In the middle is the chain body, which consists of three chains, and each chain is woven into a "herringbone" pattern by four strands and eight gold threads.
The craftsmanship is very complicated, and the real thing is very exquisite.
Because it is made of gold and turquoise, the stability of these two substances is very high.
Even after more than 1000 years, this gold chain still maintains the appearance it was made in the past, and even after the dirt on it is wiped off, the gold can still reflect light!
Turquoise also shimmers a dazzling blue-green!
"It seems that the Tuyuhun people, or the Tubo people like turquoise very much!"
In addition to gold and silverware, the second most found in the main tomb is turquoise.
There are ornaments made out of turquoise, as well as individual pieces of turquoise.
Although turquoise is not very valuable in modern times, in ancient times, especially in BC, turquoise was widely loved by people all over the world.
In the history of ancient Persia, turquoise was considered to be a mysterious thing to ward off evil spirits and was made into amulets.
The ancient Indians regarded turquoise as a sacred stone, and they believed that wearing turquoise jewelry could be blessed by the gods.
In the West, turquoise is also the birthstone representing December among the modern birthstones, which is the constellation stone of Sagittarius, which symbolizes success and victory.
Ancient countries such as Egypt, Persia, and Aztec once regarded turquoise as a gemstone with special and religious significance.
In China, in Neolithic ruins, many ornaments and decorations made of turquoise are often found.
Because of its natural turquoise color, it is in line with human aesthetics, and in the age when the "color" of the Neolithic Age was not rich, this kind of beautiful stone would naturally be loved by ancient people.
But after humans mastered the smelting technology of bronze, iron, and gold and silverware, and the manufacturing process of gold and silverware became more and more excellent, turquoise gradually gave way to gold and silverware from the most popular position.
During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods in China, turquoise was the top trend at that time, and the ornaments made of it were very popular among nobles.
By the Song, Ming and Qing dynasties, turquoise had become a relatively seldom-used ornament, replaced by more beautiful colored glaze, agate and other objects.
In the Himalayas, turquoise has always been a very important accessory for Tibetans. Until modern Tibetans, they still like to wear turquoise.
Turquoise and other valuables were sewn directly onto women's dresses or children's hats.
When modern people sell turquoise, they like to package it as related to Tibetan Buddhism, which brings mystery and religious color to turquoise.
As the Tuyuhun people who were ruled by the Tubo Tibetans, they will inevitably be influenced by the Tubo culture's love of turquoise.
"It is estimated that there are many ornaments and cultural relics made of turquoise in this tomb." Lin Ya said full of expectation.
(End of this chapter)
It is based on the fragments of the Dunhuang ancient Tibetan document "Tubo Major Events Chronicle" and the British Tibetan Dunhuang document "Achai Chronicle".
It is preliminarily presumed that the owner of the silver-gold alloy seal unearthed from Tomb No. [-] in Xinxuewei is the "nephew King Achai" during the Tubo rule.
And further analysis of the ancient Tibetan words "Nephew A Chai King" on the seal refers to the 36th generation Zanpu of Tubo, the younger sister of Dusong Mangboje and the son of Princess Chibang - Mohe Tuhun Khan.
Zanpu Chisong Dezan, the 37th generation of Tubo, and Princess Chibang are contemporaries.
Therefore, the seal is "Nephew King A Chai".
Regarding this title, there are actually records in history.
Tuyuhun was originally from the Murong Xianbei tribe in eastern Liaodong.
At the beginning of the 4th century AD, it moved westward to the Yinshan area.
During the Jin Yongjia Rebellion, it moved to Linxia and settled in Gannan and Qinghai. Tuyuhun merged the surrounding Qiang, Di and other tribes and continued to grow, establishing the Tuyuhun Kingdom.
From the establishment of the Tuyuhun Kingdom in the early 5th century AD, it was destroyed by Tubo in the third year of Longshuo (663).
Tuyuhun Kingdom lasted more than 350 years.
When the Tuyuhun Kingdom was strong, it was a powerful regional regime with a land area of [-] miles from east to west and [-] miles from north to south, completely controlling the Qinghai area.
However, Tubo, which grew stronger on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the 7th century AD, established a unified Tubo dynasty after conquering the tribes of Yangtong and Subi.
For Tubo, Tuyuhun, which was located between Tang and Tibet, naturally became the first object of conquest by the powerful Tubo dynasty when it expanded outwards.
In 663 A.D., Tubo attacked Tuyuhun on a large scale, and directly defeated the Tuyuhun regime in one fell swoop.
Murong Nuohebo, the last king of Tuyuhun Kingdom, and Princess Honghua led thousands of Tuyuhun people to Liangzhou in Tang Dynasty.
Afterwards, Tuyuhun came under the rule of Tubo, and the pro-Tibetan forces who remained in the hometown of Tuyuhun in Qinghai were brought under the rule of Tubo, and they were called the Achai tribe.
In order to further consolidate the regime, Tubo established a new Khan in the Achai tribe as the lord of the state.
In 689, Princess Chibang married the new Lord of Achai, and formed a special uncle-nephew relationship with Tubo, assisting the Tubo government in handling ethnic and state affairs.
Mohe Tuhun Khan, the son of Princess Chibang, became the first "nephew King Achai" in history.
Although it is said that this Xinxuewei No. [-] tomb has been stolen very seriously.
But the appearance of this seal is already important enough.
It can be seen from the seal that the owner of the tomb is King Tuyuhun, and the "nephew" in the seal shows the marriage relationship between King Tuyuhun and the Tubo royal family.
This undoubtedly provides the most accurate archaeological proof for historical materials.
In the "New Book of Tang Tubo Biography", there is a record of "Tuyuhun and Tubo's native nephew and uncle country".
But there has been a lack of definite proof other than written records.
Now, at last.
Following the double proof method of modern Chinese archaeology, combined with the mutual confirmation of literature and archaeological unearthed objects.
With regard to the relationship between the nephew and uncle between Tubo and Tuyuhun, an accurate conclusion can finally be made, and it has become an undeniable fact of history!
However, this is the most important cultural relic in the main tomb.
After the seal was discovered, the archaeological clean-up work of the main tomb has basically come to an end.
There is no way, what the tomb robbers searched is too clean.
Just for the gang of tomb robbers caught this time, there were 646 burial objects recovered.
And they are not the first wave of patrons of this tomb.
There are four robbery holes in the main tomb alone.
In addition to those on the tomb passage and other side rooms, it is estimated that this tomb has been stolen at least a dozen times in the past 1000 years.
The tomb robbers arrested this time were the last batch, and they were also the cleanest batch. They had already taken away as much cultural relics as they could.
In addition to the seal in the main tomb, several scattered coffin boards were found near the coffin bed.
The surface of the remnant coffin slab is painted black and red and gilded, and the painted content is no longer recognizable.
However, a large amount of archaeological data proves that the decoration of painted wooden coffins is a tradition of the Xianbei people in the Northern Dynasties (Northern Wei Dynasty).
In other words, although Tuyuhun is a Xianbei tribe that moved westward, not the Xianbei tribe that moved southward from the Northern Wei branch, there are still many similarities between the two.
After all, they are all Xianbei people.
This is the difference between South Korea and North Korea.
After discovering the board, it was the last surprise for everyone.
The museum board itself is really not a surprise, and the pictures are not clear.
But after picking up the board, a turquoise-encrusted gold chain pressed under the coffin board came into the eyes of the archaeologists.
This gold chain ends with a turquoise-inlaid square clasp with a ring on one side.
In the middle is the chain body, which consists of three chains, and each chain is woven into a "herringbone" pattern by four strands and eight gold threads.
The craftsmanship is very complicated, and the real thing is very exquisite.
Because it is made of gold and turquoise, the stability of these two substances is very high.
Even after more than 1000 years, this gold chain still maintains the appearance it was made in the past, and even after the dirt on it is wiped off, the gold can still reflect light!
Turquoise also shimmers a dazzling blue-green!
"It seems that the Tuyuhun people, or the Tubo people like turquoise very much!"
In addition to gold and silverware, the second most found in the main tomb is turquoise.
There are ornaments made out of turquoise, as well as individual pieces of turquoise.
Although turquoise is not very valuable in modern times, in ancient times, especially in BC, turquoise was widely loved by people all over the world.
In the history of ancient Persia, turquoise was considered to be a mysterious thing to ward off evil spirits and was made into amulets.
The ancient Indians regarded turquoise as a sacred stone, and they believed that wearing turquoise jewelry could be blessed by the gods.
In the West, turquoise is also the birthstone representing December among the modern birthstones, which is the constellation stone of Sagittarius, which symbolizes success and victory.
Ancient countries such as Egypt, Persia, and Aztec once regarded turquoise as a gemstone with special and religious significance.
In China, in Neolithic ruins, many ornaments and decorations made of turquoise are often found.
Because of its natural turquoise color, it is in line with human aesthetics, and in the age when the "color" of the Neolithic Age was not rich, this kind of beautiful stone would naturally be loved by ancient people.
But after humans mastered the smelting technology of bronze, iron, and gold and silverware, and the manufacturing process of gold and silverware became more and more excellent, turquoise gradually gave way to gold and silverware from the most popular position.
During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods in China, turquoise was the top trend at that time, and the ornaments made of it were very popular among nobles.
By the Song, Ming and Qing dynasties, turquoise had become a relatively seldom-used ornament, replaced by more beautiful colored glaze, agate and other objects.
In the Himalayas, turquoise has always been a very important accessory for Tibetans. Until modern Tibetans, they still like to wear turquoise.
Turquoise and other valuables were sewn directly onto women's dresses or children's hats.
When modern people sell turquoise, they like to package it as related to Tibetan Buddhism, which brings mystery and religious color to turquoise.
As the Tuyuhun people who were ruled by the Tubo Tibetans, they will inevitably be influenced by the Tubo culture's love of turquoise.
"It is estimated that there are many ornaments and cultural relics made of turquoise in this tomb." Lin Ya said full of expectation.
(End of this chapter)
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