Master Archaeologist

Chapter 355 The Soil Situation Is Optimistic

In the afternoon, 03:30.

Kong Jianwen took Chen Han and his party, led by local archaeologists, to the Jiangjiashan ruins of the ancient city of Liangzhu.

The Jiangjiashan ruins are located in the west of the Mojiaoshan ruins and the south of the Fanshan ruins in the Liangzhu ancient city of Yuhang, Hangzhou.

The staff who led them here said with a smile: "From the current landform, the west slope of Mojiao Mountain and Jiangjia Mountain are connected together."

"So in the past we have always regarded Jiangjiashan as part of the Mojiaoshan site."

"However, in the first half of 2016, the west slope of Mojiao Mountain and the east slope of Jiangjia Mountain were dissected in an east-west direction, and it was found that there was a dry ditch in the Liangzhu culture period between them, so the name of the Jiangjiashan site was proposed separately."

"After exploration, the ground plane of Jiangjiashan Terrace is roughly rectangular, about 270 meters long from east to west, 220 meters wide from north to south, with an area of ​​about 50000 square meters, and the highest point is about 14 meters above sea level."

"While drilling the Mojiaoshan site in 2010 and 2012, we also explored Jiangjiashan, and we have a clear understanding of the pile level of Jiangjiashan. The entire Jiangjiashan earth platform is built on the basis of natural mountains. The pile is 2 to 5 meters thick."

Kong Jianwen touched his chin and nodded: "It seems that the ancestors of Liangzhu have the habit of building earthen platforms near the mountains."

In the entire Liangzhu ancient city, the important Mojiaoshan site in the center is a platform built with soil layers, more than ten meters above the plane.

Then on the platform of Mojiao Mountain, three more small platforms were piled up to form a triangle.

The Fanshan "Royal Tomb" opposite the Mojiaoshan ruins is also an earthen platform piled up.

I didn't see that each of these ruins was named "XX Mountain", but in fact they are not mountains, but piled up artificially, with a height of about ten meters.

It can be seen from this that the ancestors of Liangzhu, when building some important buildings or tombs, first piled up a ten-meter-high platform, and then built buildings or buried nobles on the platform.

The Jiangjiashan site is a group of noble tombs.

2015年3月至4月，浙江文物考古研究所在姜家山东北坡布10米×5米的探方3个，呈南北向排列，发掘面积150平方米。

After excavating to the layer of Liangzhu culture, a small amount of dissection was done and then the excavation was stopped.

这次发掘发现打破良渚文化堆筑土的灰沟2条、灰坑3个，其中H1、G2属良渚文化晚期前段，G1年代属良渚文化晚期后段。

It shows that there are living remains from the early stage of the late Liangzhu culture and the late stage of the late Liangzhu culture on the north slope of Jiangjiashan. This is the first excavation in Jiangjiashan.

In the second half of 2019, in order to cooperate with the application of the Liangzhu Ancient City Site and the construction of the Liangzhu National Archaeological Site Park, we will learn about the thickness of the topsoil on the Jiangjiashan platform and the preservation of the site, and look for relics such as the foundation of the house.

Similarly, only the topsoil was removed until the surface of the soil layer built by the Liangzhu Culture.

Through this excavation, a house platform with an area of ​​about 530 square meters was cleared at the highest point in the east-central part of the Jiangjiashan earth platform. Drilling in the north of the platform also found a lot of braised soil mixed with a large amount of pottery.

Combined with the excavation on the northeastern slope of Jiangjiashan in 2015, it is proved that the eastern part of the Jiangjiashan earth platform is a residential area, and the age extends at least from the early part of the late Liangzhu culture to the late part of the late Liangzhu culture.

Originally, the archaeologists of the Zhejiang Institute thought that the excavation was just like this, and Jiangjiashan was just a residential area close to the "royal palace" of Mojiaoshan.

However, in January 2020, the archaeologists at the site accidentally discovered a noble tomb (Tomb M1) of the early Liangzhu Culture.

So it was decided to fully expose the area where the tomb is located.

Local archaeologists deployed nine 1-meter-by-10-meter sounding squares around M10. As of April 9, 2020, they had uncovered an area of ​​4 square meters and cleared 20 Liangzhu Culture tombs, roughly arranged in three rows.

Then cover the cemetery with soil to protect it.This is the second excavation of the Jiangjiashan site.

After a lapse of one year, from February to April 2011, the covering soil of the entire excavation area was uncovered, and the surface was carefully scraped again.

原发现墓葬的北侧和南侧未再发现墓葬，在M8以西扩5米×5米探方1个，至原良渚遗址管理所围墙，新发现成排分布的M15、M16和M17，其中M15打破M16。此为姜家山遗址的第三次发掘。

And now, the fourth excavation is underway.

This excavation is expected to be the last. A total of 17 Liangzhu noble tombs will be excavated to explore the Liangzhu noble tomb culture.

This time, when Kong Jianwen and the others arrived at the Liangzhu site, the first thing they had to do was to assist the archaeologists from the Zhejiang Institute to unearth this noble tomb in Jiangjiashan.

"How is the stratum accumulation in the burial area of ​​Jiangjiashan?" Kong Jianwen asked with some doubts.

The accumulation of the bottom layer determines whether the archaeological work can be carried out smoothly.

This is especially true for tombs with a relatively long history.

For example.

If we want to dig a tomb from the Western Zhou Dynasty.

However, in the area where this tomb is located, the stratigraphic accumulation is very complicated, with barracks of the Qin Dynasty, city walls of the Han Dynasty, residential houses of the Tang Dynasty, large tombs of the Song Dynasty, and small tombs of the Ming Dynasty superimposed on it.

It is very difficult to directly dig the tomb of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and all the strata above it must be cleaned up first.

This is actually the case in the old city of Zhengzhou.

There are a large pile of tombs and city wall ruins of various ages stacked under the ground, and it will affect the whole body.

"The west slope of Jiangjiashan was severely damaged during the Southern Song Dynasty. Under the topsoil, there are mostly gray-brown strata of Song and Yuan Dynasties with uneven thickness and rubble pits are widely distributed throughout the excavation area."

The person in charge from the Zhejiang Institute of Archaeology introduced with a smile: "On the second layer, that is, the stratum in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, there is a third layer, which is thinner, reddish-brown soil, mixed with more braised soil. Granules, a small number of late Liangzhu culture pottery fragments and Song and Yuan period porcelain fragments were unearthed, which also belong to the Song and Yuan period.”

"Most of the excavation area is under the second and third layers of red primary mountain soil. Only a small amount of Liangzhu Culture piled soil remains under the second layer and on the mountain soil in the middle and eastern part of T2 in the southeastern part of the cemetery, which is the fourth The layer is yellowish-brown soil, and the soil quality is pure."

"M7 is layered under layer 2 and breaks layer 4."

"The rest of the tombs were all stacked under the second layer and broke the red mountain soil."

"It can be seen that the original opening layers of these tombs have long been destroyed by accumulation in the Song Dynasty and other late periods, and there is almost no soil left before the tombs were buried."

Well, that makes sense.

The soil layer on the Jiangjiashan side was destroyed once in the Song Dynasty.

There is not much left of the soil that was originally built during the Liangzhu Culture period.

Even most of the noble tombs discovered now are in the second and third layers of soil, and these two layers of soil are now differentiated and belong to the Song and Yuan Dynasties.

That is to say, during the Song and Yuan Dynasties, these tombs were at the shallowest layer, so they were not dug out, but a layer of soil was continued to be piled up by the Song Dynasty.

Now their archaeologists only need to dig out the shallow layer, and then dig out the first layer of Song Dynasty soil, and they can directly excavate these noble tombs.

Convenience is very convenient, at least [-] times better than the situation in Zhengzhou.

　The timeline in the novel is different from the real timeline.

　　So don't get caught up in it. In fact, Jiang Jiashan started digging in 2012.

　　
　
(End of this chapter)