Master Archaeologist
Chapter 88
Chapter 88
"The local villagers in Yejiashan dug up 15 bronze wares when leveling the land?!"
The news quickly spread to the Suizhou police and cultural relics department.
Then it was quickly reported to the Hubei Institute of Archeology.
The local police immediately dispatched manpower to protect the excavation site.
Because Rao Wenyi, the deputy director of the Hubei Institute of Archeology, is leading a team to excavate the Han Tombs in Fenghuang Mountain, Jingzhou.
Therefore, the director of the Hubei Institute of Archaeology simply took charge of it himself, and immediately rushed to Suizhou with the remaining front-line archaeologists in the institute.
Wherever a bronze vessel is dug out from the field, that is definitely a big event!
This is bronze!
Once bronze wares appear, there is a high probability that they are from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, or even the early Western Zhou Dynasty, or even the ruins or tombs of the Shang Dynasty!
And the location of discovery is Suizhou!
In modern times, Suizhou is not a first-tier big city that has attracted much attention.
But in the field of archaeology, Suizhou is amazing!
Especially in the archeology of the Eastern and Western Zhou Dynasties, Suizhou is a place that cannot be bypassed.
Because this place was once ruled by one or two famous kingdoms of the Zhou Dynasty!
This vassal state is called Zeng State, or Sui State!
In 1966, 97 bronze wares were found in Sujialong, Jingshan, in a water conservancy project, including 33 bronze sacrificial vessels with inscriptions such as Jiuding Qigui, Zenghou Zhongzizhanfu, etc.
The composition of these bronzes suggests that they came from a tomb!
Nine tripods and seven gui, and the identity of Zenghou Zhongzizhanfu, the owner of the utensil, also shows that this place belongs to an important area of Zeng State!
And the age of this batch of bronzes is between the Western Zhou Dynasty and the early Spring and Autumn Period!
Jingshan is next to Suizhou, and the two cities are connected.
However, compared to the excavation in 1966.
In 1978, the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng was discovered in Leigudun, Suizhou, which was a more famous and sensational archaeological discovery in the world.
The tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng was dated to 433 BC or a little later in the early Warring States period.
However, the total amount of unearthed bronze vessels exceeds 10 tons, including multiple sets of bronze ritual vessels such as Jiuding and Bagui, and 65 chime bells.
More than one hundred pieces of important bronzes in the tomb are inscribed with the name "Zenghou Yi", and the owner of the tomb can be identified as Zenghouyi.
Among the 10 tons of bronze wares, there are a batch of musical instruments, ritual vessels, weapons, carriages and horses, household utensils, funeral supplies, etc., a total of 15404 pieces, of which 1851 are musical instruments!
There are not only large instruments such as bells and pans, but also small instruments such as qin, se, zither, sheng, and yu.
Among them, the set of Zenghouyi chime bells is even hailed as the eighth wonder of the world, rewriting the history of world music!
There are 65 bells in a full set, and the total weight of the 65 bells is more than 5000 kilograms.
It has the most complete Zhou Dynasty music series and its rhythm appellation system known so far, and it also proves that the Warring States Period has a complete twelve-tone system, breaking the previous saying that the twelve rhythms came from ancient Greece.
Even this set of chime bells was included in the "Catalog of the First Batch of Cultural Relics Prohibited from Exhibiting Abroad (Border)", which can be called a treasure of China.
When every student is in history class at school, there are records and explanations about this set of chime bells in the textbooks.
It is also because of the unearthed tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng that Suizhou became famous directly in the Chinese archaeological circle.
And this vassal state called "Zeng" has also entered the eyes of archaeologists and historians.
To ordinary people, Zeng Guo was no stranger at all.
Because the "Marquis Yi Chime of Zeng" in the middle school history textbook is a representative cultural relic of the music art of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
"Zenghouyi Tongjian Fou" is also a national treasure and is considered to be the earliest "refrigerator".
The design prototype of the fou at the opening ceremony of the 2008 BJ Olympic Games was also taken from the Zenghouyi Chime Bell and the Zenghouyi Bronze Jianfen.
It can be said that anyone who has received nine-year compulsory education knows that during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, there was such a powerful vassal state called Zeng Guo.
But, surprisingly, for archaeologists and historians who study history.
This Zeng Guo is very strange, and even popped out of a crack in the rock all of a sudden!
It's interesting to say.
In China, a country with the most complete historical records in the world, Chinese historians did not learn about the existence of this Zeng country from various historical documents.
The earliest record about "Zeng Guo" was discovered in 1933. A "Zeng Ji Wu Pot" was unearthed from the tomb of Chu in the Warring States Period in Shou County, AH.
The author "Zeng Jiwu" was the wife of King Chu Sheng in the early Warring States period, and she was married from Zeng Guo.
At first, archaeologists thought that this Zeng State was the "Mian State" in historical records.
"Shiben" said: "Zeng Shi, Xia Shaokang granted his youngest son, Qu Lie Yu Yu."
This Kingdom of Mao was the feudal state of Qu Lie, the second son of Shaokang in the Xia Dynasty. It got its name because the first fiefdom was named "鄫". It was located on the border of modern Shandong.
Probably in 567 BC in the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Lu Xiang was destroyed by Ju State in 6 years.
In the history books, there are many records about the Kingdom of Mao. It can be known that this is one of the earliest and more active vassal states in the East of China.
Moreover, according to historical records, the "Zeng Shipan" and the "Zhongyong" that recorded Zhou Wang's southern expedition through the Zeng Kingdom were also unearthed in the Song Dynasty. It can be confirmed that there was such a kingdom in Lanling, Shandong.
However, the key point appeared. "Zeng Ji has no pot" was found in the tomb of Chu in the Warring States Period. At this time, the state of Mao had been destroyed for hundreds of years. Where did Zeng Ji come from?
Moreover, according to the inscription on the pot, although Mrs. Zeng's father's country is "Zeng Guo", her father's surname is "Ji"!
As the feudal state of Xia Shaokang's son, the state of Yan must not have the surname of Ji, but the surname of Si of Xia's clan!
Therefore, Guo Moruo proposed for the first time that the "Zenghou" utensil should be Zeng State, the "neighboring state of Chu" in "The Great Collection of Jin Wenci in the Two Weeks", rather than the state of Mao in Shandong.
It was not until 1966 and 1978 that several tombs of Marquis Zeng were unearthed in succession in Suizhou, it seemed certain that there was indeed such a powerful vassal state called "Zeng" in Suizhou next to Chu during the Western Zhou Dynasty.
Moreover, this Zeng State was surnamed Ji, obviously in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the king of Zhou enfeoffed the clan state on the border in order to suppress the Chu State in the east.
However, the appearance of Zeng Guo not only did not relieve the historians, but made them even more puzzled.
Suizhou, why is it called "Suizhou"?
It is because in the Western Zhou Dynasty, there was a famous country in this place: "Suiguo"!
This Sui country is not a small country, and there are so many records in the history books!
According to "Zuo Zhuan Six Years of Duke Huan", Suiguo was the head of the "Princesses of Hanyang", and its task was to monitor the barbarian kingdom in the south and defend the Zhou border.
In today's terms, no matter what, he must be the leader of the princes and alliances who command the southeastern countries!
A history of Sui Guo is a history of Sui Chu's relationship.
From the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Sui Guo led the vassal states near Hanyang to fight against Chu every day, just like a father beating a son.
After the Zhou family moved to the east, Suiguo continued to fight against Chu, but changed from actively attacking to defending against invasion.
Until the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu became more powerful, and Suiguo people saved the life of the king of Chu, Suiguo once spent a period of honeymoon with Chu.
Finally, in the 32nd year of King Cheng of Chu (640 BC), he followed the country and surrendered to Chu.
A history of Suiguo can also be said to be the history of Ji Zhou's decline from prosperity to weakness.
The complete history of Sui State can be found in many history books that record the Spring and Autumn and Warring States. The reason why Suizhou is called Suizhou is also because it used to be Sui State.
Ever since, on the boundary of Suizhou, many tombs of Marquis Zeng from the early Western Zhou Dynasty and the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period were discovered.
Historians and archaeologists are stunned.
Where did this Zeng Guo come from?
Why is there no record of this country in the history books? !
(End of this chapter)
"The local villagers in Yejiashan dug up 15 bronze wares when leveling the land?!"
The news quickly spread to the Suizhou police and cultural relics department.
Then it was quickly reported to the Hubei Institute of Archeology.
The local police immediately dispatched manpower to protect the excavation site.
Because Rao Wenyi, the deputy director of the Hubei Institute of Archeology, is leading a team to excavate the Han Tombs in Fenghuang Mountain, Jingzhou.
Therefore, the director of the Hubei Institute of Archaeology simply took charge of it himself, and immediately rushed to Suizhou with the remaining front-line archaeologists in the institute.
Wherever a bronze vessel is dug out from the field, that is definitely a big event!
This is bronze!
Once bronze wares appear, there is a high probability that they are from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, or even the early Western Zhou Dynasty, or even the ruins or tombs of the Shang Dynasty!
And the location of discovery is Suizhou!
In modern times, Suizhou is not a first-tier big city that has attracted much attention.
But in the field of archaeology, Suizhou is amazing!
Especially in the archeology of the Eastern and Western Zhou Dynasties, Suizhou is a place that cannot be bypassed.
Because this place was once ruled by one or two famous kingdoms of the Zhou Dynasty!
This vassal state is called Zeng State, or Sui State!
In 1966, 97 bronze wares were found in Sujialong, Jingshan, in a water conservancy project, including 33 bronze sacrificial vessels with inscriptions such as Jiuding Qigui, Zenghou Zhongzizhanfu, etc.
The composition of these bronzes suggests that they came from a tomb!
Nine tripods and seven gui, and the identity of Zenghou Zhongzizhanfu, the owner of the utensil, also shows that this place belongs to an important area of Zeng State!
And the age of this batch of bronzes is between the Western Zhou Dynasty and the early Spring and Autumn Period!
Jingshan is next to Suizhou, and the two cities are connected.
However, compared to the excavation in 1966.
In 1978, the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng was discovered in Leigudun, Suizhou, which was a more famous and sensational archaeological discovery in the world.
The tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng was dated to 433 BC or a little later in the early Warring States period.
However, the total amount of unearthed bronze vessels exceeds 10 tons, including multiple sets of bronze ritual vessels such as Jiuding and Bagui, and 65 chime bells.
More than one hundred pieces of important bronzes in the tomb are inscribed with the name "Zenghou Yi", and the owner of the tomb can be identified as Zenghouyi.
Among the 10 tons of bronze wares, there are a batch of musical instruments, ritual vessels, weapons, carriages and horses, household utensils, funeral supplies, etc., a total of 15404 pieces, of which 1851 are musical instruments!
There are not only large instruments such as bells and pans, but also small instruments such as qin, se, zither, sheng, and yu.
Among them, the set of Zenghouyi chime bells is even hailed as the eighth wonder of the world, rewriting the history of world music!
There are 65 bells in a full set, and the total weight of the 65 bells is more than 5000 kilograms.
It has the most complete Zhou Dynasty music series and its rhythm appellation system known so far, and it also proves that the Warring States Period has a complete twelve-tone system, breaking the previous saying that the twelve rhythms came from ancient Greece.
Even this set of chime bells was included in the "Catalog of the First Batch of Cultural Relics Prohibited from Exhibiting Abroad (Border)", which can be called a treasure of China.
When every student is in history class at school, there are records and explanations about this set of chime bells in the textbooks.
It is also because of the unearthed tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng that Suizhou became famous directly in the Chinese archaeological circle.
And this vassal state called "Zeng" has also entered the eyes of archaeologists and historians.
To ordinary people, Zeng Guo was no stranger at all.
Because the "Marquis Yi Chime of Zeng" in the middle school history textbook is a representative cultural relic of the music art of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
"Zenghouyi Tongjian Fou" is also a national treasure and is considered to be the earliest "refrigerator".
The design prototype of the fou at the opening ceremony of the 2008 BJ Olympic Games was also taken from the Zenghouyi Chime Bell and the Zenghouyi Bronze Jianfen.
It can be said that anyone who has received nine-year compulsory education knows that during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, there was such a powerful vassal state called Zeng Guo.
But, surprisingly, for archaeologists and historians who study history.
This Zeng Guo is very strange, and even popped out of a crack in the rock all of a sudden!
It's interesting to say.
In China, a country with the most complete historical records in the world, Chinese historians did not learn about the existence of this Zeng country from various historical documents.
The earliest record about "Zeng Guo" was discovered in 1933. A "Zeng Ji Wu Pot" was unearthed from the tomb of Chu in the Warring States Period in Shou County, AH.
The author "Zeng Jiwu" was the wife of King Chu Sheng in the early Warring States period, and she was married from Zeng Guo.
At first, archaeologists thought that this Zeng State was the "Mian State" in historical records.
"Shiben" said: "Zeng Shi, Xia Shaokang granted his youngest son, Qu Lie Yu Yu."
This Kingdom of Mao was the feudal state of Qu Lie, the second son of Shaokang in the Xia Dynasty. It got its name because the first fiefdom was named "鄫". It was located on the border of modern Shandong.
Probably in 567 BC in the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Lu Xiang was destroyed by Ju State in 6 years.
In the history books, there are many records about the Kingdom of Mao. It can be known that this is one of the earliest and more active vassal states in the East of China.
Moreover, according to historical records, the "Zeng Shipan" and the "Zhongyong" that recorded Zhou Wang's southern expedition through the Zeng Kingdom were also unearthed in the Song Dynasty. It can be confirmed that there was such a kingdom in Lanling, Shandong.
However, the key point appeared. "Zeng Ji has no pot" was found in the tomb of Chu in the Warring States Period. At this time, the state of Mao had been destroyed for hundreds of years. Where did Zeng Ji come from?
Moreover, according to the inscription on the pot, although Mrs. Zeng's father's country is "Zeng Guo", her father's surname is "Ji"!
As the feudal state of Xia Shaokang's son, the state of Yan must not have the surname of Ji, but the surname of Si of Xia's clan!
Therefore, Guo Moruo proposed for the first time that the "Zenghou" utensil should be Zeng State, the "neighboring state of Chu" in "The Great Collection of Jin Wenci in the Two Weeks", rather than the state of Mao in Shandong.
It was not until 1966 and 1978 that several tombs of Marquis Zeng were unearthed in succession in Suizhou, it seemed certain that there was indeed such a powerful vassal state called "Zeng" in Suizhou next to Chu during the Western Zhou Dynasty.
Moreover, this Zeng State was surnamed Ji, obviously in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the king of Zhou enfeoffed the clan state on the border in order to suppress the Chu State in the east.
However, the appearance of Zeng Guo not only did not relieve the historians, but made them even more puzzled.
Suizhou, why is it called "Suizhou"?
It is because in the Western Zhou Dynasty, there was a famous country in this place: "Suiguo"!
This Sui country is not a small country, and there are so many records in the history books!
According to "Zuo Zhuan Six Years of Duke Huan", Suiguo was the head of the "Princesses of Hanyang", and its task was to monitor the barbarian kingdom in the south and defend the Zhou border.
In today's terms, no matter what, he must be the leader of the princes and alliances who command the southeastern countries!
A history of Sui Guo is a history of Sui Chu's relationship.
From the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Sui Guo led the vassal states near Hanyang to fight against Chu every day, just like a father beating a son.
After the Zhou family moved to the east, Suiguo continued to fight against Chu, but changed from actively attacking to defending against invasion.
Until the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu became more powerful, and Suiguo people saved the life of the king of Chu, Suiguo once spent a period of honeymoon with Chu.
Finally, in the 32nd year of King Cheng of Chu (640 BC), he followed the country and surrendered to Chu.
A history of Suiguo can also be said to be the history of Ji Zhou's decline from prosperity to weakness.
The complete history of Sui State can be found in many history books that record the Spring and Autumn and Warring States. The reason why Suizhou is called Suizhou is also because it used to be Sui State.
Ever since, on the boundary of Suizhou, many tombs of Marquis Zeng from the early Western Zhou Dynasty and the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period were discovered.
Historians and archaeologists are stunned.
Where did this Zeng Guo come from?
Why is there no record of this country in the history books? !
(End of this chapter)
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