Nineteenth Century Medical Guide

Chapter 175 172. Lucky Torre

Carvey is far less benevolent than he himself said, but it is true that he will feed them.Because in the bag full of kidneys on the table, the really useful part is just the fat-like tissue on it, and the kidney itself is a burden to him.

Kidneys are also known as kidneys. Because it is difficult to remove its smell, it is not sold in most European regions, and it is basically discarded [1].

Therefore, when slaughtering cattle and sheep, the butcher will cut off and throw away the whole set of urinary system organs including ureters and bladder.Carvey not only gave money, but also helped to deal with these useless things, which can be regarded as killing two birds with one stone.

The premise is to ensure that the tissue above the kidney is intact.

If we say that methylene blue, which undertakes the three major aspects of antibiotics, local pain relief, and dyeing and tracing, is a magic medicine that can touch the threshold of modern surgery.

The adrenal gland, which contains glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and catecholamines, can greatly expand the number of surgical audiences, and truly push the "can only wait for death" in the eyes of trauma first aid to "can still be rescued". Another miracle drug in the category.

Of course, now it is a big step away from the magic medicine - extraction.

Because there is no need to worry about the surrounding blood vessels, the stripping of the adrenal gland is very easy, even Savarin who has no surgical background can easily complete it.Carvey was relieved to see him quickly dispose of the adrenal gland: "Now that you have learned how to remove the adrenal gland, let's go one step further."

Savarin seemed to have experienced the anatomy that he hadn't done in medical school, and he didn't realize that there was a big pit waiting for him in front of him. "Going further? What do you mean?"

"Let's cut the living adrenals."

"Um???"

Carvey turned to look at the cage behind him, and at the same time moved his eyes away from the adrenal glands on the table: "In order to study the specific functions of the adrenal glands in physiology and test the importance of the adrenal glands to life activities, we need to remove both sides of a vole. Adrenal."

Savarin's face was visibly changing: "Why? Why did you cut the adrenal gland???"

"Didn't I make it very clear, it's for."

Carvey was about to repeat the words just now, but Savarin quickly interrupted: "That's not what I mean! I mean to study adrenaline, why must the adrenal gland be cut off?"

"How else do you study?"

"You, you can"

Savarin really couldn't find a good way, because in the 19th century when there was nothing, cutting off the gland itself was the only way to study the function of the gland.In fact, even in the 21st century, removing the glands is the best way to intuitively experience the function of the glands.

"You can only know the value of something after you lose it." Carvey didn't care so much, and had already walked to the side of the cage to provoke the surgical object, "The female mouse has to bear the responsibility of reproduction, this time choose a male mouse."

"Don't worry, let me think about it."

"Whom? Marc? Rivaldo? Torre? Or..."

"wait!!!"

"What's the matter?" Carvey put his hand on the cage bolt, "I've been busy all night, and I have to go back to catch up on sleep after finishing it soon."

"The operation is too painful, it is more torture than humane treatment." Savarin was anxious, "There must be other ways, let me think again."

Carvey spent a lot of energy dissecting the corpse overnight, and the spring sun made the tiredness slowly creep up on his shoulders. Carvey yawned twice in a row, too lazy to talk nonsense with him: "I'm in charge of the laboratory, this is what happened before. Mr. Savarin must abide by the signed cooperation contract."

After that, he put on anti-bite thick cloth gloves, grabbed a field mouse out of the cage: "It's you, Torrey."

After working here for so long, Savarin is no longer the Savarin he was before. Although he also has feelings for these voles, it is far from sad now.What he wants to fight for is not only the right to survive of the voles, but also the right to dominate that should belong to him.

Savarin took a deep breath, and took out the hardwood boards, beakers, alcohol lamps, platform scales, ether, alcohol and some dissection tools stored here for animal dissection: "Why do you have to study adrenaline?"

Yeah, why?

Carvey looked up at the ceiling and thought of a reason: "In my dream last night, I found that the essence of my whole body was gathered in the adrenal glands, so I did that."

"Didn't you dissect the corpse last night?"

"Oh, that was the night before yesterday."

Carvey put Torrey into a large upside-down beaker, and stuffed a gauze strip soaked in ether into it.After it was anesthetized, the limbs were fixed to the small protrusions at the four corners of the hardwood board with ropes: "Why is it not important, what is important is the operation and the observation after the operation."

"It's just the removal of the adrenal gland, not other important organs." Savarin, like other doctors, ignored this small gland. "I'm worried about whether it can survive the operation."

"Whether it's important or not, you'll find out after the operation is over and observe slowly. As for the operation, please don't question my surgical ability."

Carvey started shaving, skin preparation and disinfection according to the procedures: "This is not a human being, it's just a longitudinal incision on the abdomen, it won't die."

Savarin knew that he had a good operation, so he didn't argue any further.He originally wanted to avoid surgery and deal with the stripped adrenaline, but who would have thought that Carvey pulled him to the experimental table: "You have to be my assistant."

After being aggrieved for so long, Savarin finally found a point to fight back: "You need an assistant for this operation?"

"It's really not necessary, but I have to make sure you can learn it." Carvey lit the alcohol lamp and asked him to heat up the saline, and said, "Because the experiment does not only need a vole, in order to ensure the objectivity of the experiment, At least 10 similar voles have to be prepared. I don't have that much time to spend here, so the work can only be done by you and them."

"Isn't it enough to cut one?"

"What if it's chronic blood loss? What if it's a leaky intestine? How do you know it's not a death from surgical injury?"

Carvey seems to have seen through the end of the experiment. The voles who underwent double adrenalectomy must not escape the fate of death.But for Savarin, this is simply a fantasy. No one can make the conclusion of the experiment clear by dreaming.

"Forget it, don't think so much." Carvey clamped the skin with toothed tweezers, opened the abdomen in the midline with a scalpel, and quickly separated the muscle layer to enter the abdominal cavity. Wash your hands, then have saline solution ready."

Because the anatomical position of the kidneys and adrenal glands is at the back, opening the abdominal cavity requires pulling the intestines out of the incision to expose the kidneys. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously drip warm saline into the intestines during the operation to keep the intestines moist.

Compared with human abdominal viscera, the viscera of voles is obviously much easier to deal with, which is why Carvey is willing to hand over the operation to Savarin.

After pulling out the intestinal tube of the small intestine, he pushed the descending colon and transverse colon to one side with tweezers holding the saline gauze, fully exposing the kidneys: "This is the adrenal gland, which is pale yellow. You can see it clearly. I don't want to see it in the future. During the operation, you cut out both of their kidneys."

"At least I graduated from medical school." Savarin nodded as he looked at the small mass of tissue on the kidney. "I understand the anatomical relationship between the kidney and the adrenal gland."

"Before the resection, if there is adhesion in the surrounding tissue, you can choose to do a simple dissection." Carvey switched to the smallest tissue forceps and said, "Be careful here, you can't use a scalpel anymore, you have to use this kind of tissue forceps." The smallest tissue forceps, choose the head to slowly upward for blunt dissection."

It was the first time for Savarin to observe Carvey's operation at such a close distance. I have to say that the operation was indeed very beautiful. If you didn't look at the face, you would not be able to guess that it was performed by a young man.

"The thing is only about 3-4mm, so be very careful." Carvey pointed to the fat tissue in front of his eyes, "Come on, use small forceps to tightly clamp the blood vessels and tissues between the kidney and the adrenal gland."

Savarin did as he was told, watching as Carvey saw the blood vessels cut and the adrenals removed.

It's over, the adrenaline cut off on one side.
Savarin looked at the fat tissue leaving Torre's body, and always felt so depressed that he couldn't speak.He looked at Torrey who had been disembowelled again, and Savarin couldn't bear it when he thought that it would suffer all kinds of pain during the long observation process.

Had it not been for Carvey's presence, he would have sent it away now.

But Carvey didn't respond at all. Looking at Savarin who was still holding the tweezers, he said, "Yes, you did a good job. Hold the tweezers for a while."

"Still clamped?" Savarin looked at Carvey who stood aside and no longer cared about the field mouse. "Then what about these disconnected blood vessels? They haven't been ligated yet."

"Ligate? What do I use to ligate? A ball of thread is nothing to a human, but it is a giant to a field mouse." Carvey put the removed adrenal gland into normal saline, "The small blood vessels in the body of a field mouse, as long as It will stop by itself after a while."

The surgery was easy for Carvey, but not for Savarin.

Because of the anatomical relationship between the kidney and the adrenal gland, and the small body of the voles, surgical instruments such as tissue forceps, forceps, and scalpel can easily touch the adjacent abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava when removing the adrenal gland.

Especially the right adrenal gland is higher than the left, so it is more dangerous.

"You must be careful during the operation. Once the large blood vessels of this small animal rupture, let alone you, it will be difficult to find the location of the rupture even if I am here." Kawei followed the same pattern and spent less than half an hour Time, remove all of Torre's bilateral adrenal glands, "The operation is over, you will do the stitches."

Savarin took the needle and thread, looked at Torrey who was asleep and motionless, and couldn't help sighing: "Are they all going to die?"

"Well." Carvey didn't want to lie to him, "The adrenal glands are very important glands in our body, and they definitely won't work without them."

"I have to endure these tortures before I die, and I have to cut ten more"

"Instead of wasting time, let's discuss the experimental method." Carvey has some understanding of his scientific research ability, and said, "You have done the oxytocin experiment before, you should know that there are many uncontrollable factors in the experiment, and we can only eliminate it as much as possible. If these factors are removed, your lab report will be considered correct."

Savarin's heart was ashamed, and he clumsily sewed up Torrey's stomach like a rusty machine: "Then what are the uncontrollable factors this time?"

"Give me the closest and most correct example." Carvey pointed to Torre, who hadn't woken up, and said, "If Torre dies unexpectedly now, what would cause it?"

Savarin stopped what he was doing, and looked back at Carvey, "It should be the result of bilateral adrenaline cutting???"

"This is not the heart that supplies blood to the whole body, how can it be so fast." Carvey shook his head, took the adrenal gland off the scale, and threw it back into the normal saline, saying, "Maybe there is something wrong with the alcohol before the operation , it may also be the contamination of the normal saline, and these surgical tools, and it may even be a major mistake in my surgical steps and operations."

"."

"These individualized variables need to be eliminated immediately, in order to avoid surgical errors affecting the objectivity of the experiment itself." Carvey waved his hand, "So you need to cut ten more voles according to the operation mode just now, take Come as a comparison, you must complete it yourself!"

"What? Cut ten more?"

"Don't make a fuss." Carvey said, "This time it's only in the abdomen, it won't really cut off the adrenaline, it's just for show."

"So this is the so-called control group?"

"Yeah, you've finally figured it out."

Carvey walked forward with a smile, and stopped Savarin who wanted to sew the last stitch: "Don't sew the last stitch."

"what happened?"

"The next operation is all done by you, so no matter the control group or the experimental group, there should be no shadow of Torrey." Carvey took the adrenal gland soaked in normal saline from the side, "This is the real Controlled experiment."

"Then it."

Savarin seems to have seen the end of Torre. In fact, after Carvey said "wait for death", he has already been mentally prepared.Although the person next to him is a bit cold-blooded, his understanding and talent for medicine are unmatched by others.

But after doing so many experiments, he also knew very well that for the voles in the cage, it was lucky to die in their sleep.

However, the direction of the matter was once again beyond his expectation. Carvey seemed to have no intention of dealing with Torrey humanely: "Forget it, I will use it as a material to show you the operation process, and keep it with you. The adrenal gland Not long after leaving the body, let's 'plant' it back."

(End of this chapter)