Nineteenth Century Medical Guide

Throughout the Austro-Prussian War, Austria was not always passive.

Franz in history has a very keen sense of smell, and his military mobilization was half a month earlier than that of Prussia. Of course, some blind self-confidence is at work.On the other side, Puhuang was a little underestimated, and was also considering the possibility of negotiation at the last moment.

It was not until half a month after Austria began to assemble its troops that Prussia issued an order to distribute weapons, horses and prepare for battle.

Therefore, Bavaria's voting proposal is just an opportunity, and the two military forces have long wanted to touch each other.It's just that the younger brothers under their respective names always thought that the two elder brothers of the big family of the German Confederation should not fight each other with swords and guns.

But even under such pre-emptive conditions, Austria's deployment was still a lot slower than Prussia.

Watching helplessly as Prussia occupied Hanover successively, swept Hesse-Kassel, until crushing Hanover's fleeing army all the way to the Austrian border.

But now, because of the time advantage gained and the more aggressive attack strategy after the replacement of the marshal, the Austrian army is assembled faster than Franz originally planned.Two days before the Bavarian vote, the army had already assembled on a large scale at the fortress of Olmitz. (now Olomouc, Czech Republic)

Compared with Prussia, which is more advanced and better in all aspects, Austria has nothing to show for it.

The armaments and weapons were a generation behind, and the number of combatants was divided by 10 by the Italian army.Although the assembly time was early enough, they lost the railway support after leaving the Austrian mainland, and the speed was only barely equal to the opponent.In the army, only the group armies have telegraph communication, and the subordinate troops are still mainly communication soldiers.

The logistical support is mostly the same, the food reserves and supply lines are far from enough to support the actions of hundreds of thousands of troops, and the armies of both sides purchase wherever they go.

Compared with the past, Austria only has medical insurance to show off in front of the enemy.

This was partly due to Carvey's suggestion, and partly due to Laszlo's support for Austria.Carvey doesn't understand the exchange of interests in the commercial part, but he knows very well what kind of changes this exchange can bring.

The number of logistics carriages for each German army is about 30, including field bakeries, hospital equipment, medical materials, and engineering equipment for building temporary strongholds.

In Austria, the number is 45 vehicles, including 25 vehicles for hospital equipment and medicinal materials.These transport carriages are only responsible for the construction of the hospital. If the medical bags and supplies carried by the doctors themselves are counted, the number will only be even greater.

Such a huge medical transport team, like a large army, was assembled two days ago and converted a hospital in the town where the fortress is located into a strategic rear hospital.

The trauma treatment unit led by Carvey basically operates here, and the wounded will be transported from the front to the rear by carriage.If the battle line is pushed forward, the strategic rear hospital does not need to be moved, and more battle rear hospitals are set up along the way, and Kawei will also go to the front line to participate in the treatment according to the war situation.

This is the basic medical logistics mechanism, which is much simpler than the multi-level evacuation mechanism of the modern company rescue team, battalion, regiment, division ambulance station, group army hospital, theater hospital, and rear hospital, and the transportation capacity cannot match modern medical care. on a par.

But at least Laszlo won enough horse-drawn carriages for the entire military medical office, and Carvey was able to form the world's first medical convoy that could set up a temporary ambulance at any time.

"Dean Carvey, here is the steak, bread and vegetable soup you want." A guard brought the lunch on the train from the door and delivered it to Carvey's table. "Do you want wine? The red wine on the Imperial train not bad."

"I don't drink." Carvey took the plate and asked Herman, who was eating, sitting opposite him, "How is the fortress hospital going? Is there any news?"

"The telegram sent back last night said that the construction is almost complete." Heman said, "There are 1400 beds, and the equipment has been prepared according to your standards. It can be put into use at any time when the war starts."

Carvey nodded, swaying back and forth with the carriage, and began to divide the steak with a knife and fork: "Where's the water source? How did you find the water source?"

Europe has always been short of clean water that can be directly drunk, which can be solved with low-alcohol drinks in peacetime, but there will definitely be problems with the supply of alcohol in wartime, and finally it is necessary to ensure the army's water supply.

This is more obvious in medical logistics, especially in the surgery where Carvey is located. The normal saline alone requires a lot of water.

According to the concept of modern military medicine, the requirements for water sources are very high, not only for microorganisms, but also for various trace elements, radioactive substances, heavy metals, organic substances, etc. [1].

In the 19th century, there was a lack of chemical testing tools, and it was impossible to bring chemists with the army, so we had to make do with it.

However, low requirements do not mean no requirements. Carvey still added his own understanding of water requirements during the four-month intensive training of military doctors.

The first is to compare the chromaticity. The water must have no abnormal color, no turbidity, no odor and peculiar smell, and no impurity particles visible to the naked eye.The water source in the hospital area also needs to do a simple pH test, and the range should not exceed the range of 6.5-8.5.

As for parasites, bacteria, etc., there are no requirements. It is better to directly boil to solve all problems by doing microbial culture with the team.

"The water source of the fortress is not a problem. The Morava River in the Sudeten Mountains provides sufficient water." Herman stuffed a whole piece of chicken into his mouth, chewed twice and continued, "The army logistics unit will do it according to your requirements." water management."

"Have they emphasized the importance of alum coagulation filtration?"

"I said so."

Carvey felt a little relieved.

Ever since he got on the train out of Vienna, his heart had been hanging.

It was the first time in his life that he was on the battlefield. Although he didn't have to go to the front line to do his best, the rear might not be 100% peaceful.Everything seems so strange, everything is unknown.What he can do is to continue to strictly follow his usual work attitude, focus all his energy on work, and reduce the pressure caused by other things.

However, compared with those soldiers, the compartment in which Kavey is located is much more luxurious. At least there is a place to sleep, and at least there are glass windows to see the scenery outside.

Austria is not without a railway network. Compared with Prussia, the railway network around Vienna was built earlier than Berlin.

It is precisely because of the convenient transportation brought by the Austrian railway that in 1850, at the Olmitz Fortress, Prussia had to succumb to the pressure of Austria and Russia and signed the Olmitz Treaty.

The treaty stipulated that Prussia would give up leadership of other states in the confederation, give up the plan to unify Germany, be willing to surrender to Austria, and agree to withdraw its troops.

However, 16 years later, Austria is suffering from a domestic recession and the railway network is still of that size.The train that Kavi was on could only take him to Malacki in the north of Vienna, and then he needed to drive slowly into the Olmitz Fortress by horse-drawn carriage.

However, the railways in Prussia have been repaired to the front line of the war. The railway stations are located in various cities, and the transportation capacity greatly exceeds that of other European countries.

Carvey looked at the mountains in the distance and asked, "How long will it take us to reach Malacki?"

"According to the current speed, it is estimated that we will be able to arrive tomorrow morning." Herman said, "The next thing is a carriage journey that lasts for 2 days and 3 nights. If there is no problem with the horses, we will be able to reach the front line on the morning of September 9th. fortress."

"By then, the Bohemian front should have already begun."

"Emmm, it's hard to say." Herman is also joining the army for the first time. For him, this is an experience and an opportunity to earn military merits. Carefully selected ones can completely guarantee our safety.”

What Carvey is worried about is not his own body, he is also a person who has died once, and he has long looked down on these things.In fact, strictly speaking, this is not a worry, but more of a state of mental excitement.

If he insisted on looking for similar feelings from his memory, it should be similar to following his teacher into the operating room for the first time decades ago.

He squeezed the knife in his hand hard, gently cut open the remaining half of the steak, and put the meat into his mouth with a fork: "I don't care about these, but your state. Wounded soldiers are emergencies, and I won’t give you time to react. If I can’t keep up with the speed, I’ll make a substitution, so you have to be mentally prepared.”

Carvey mentioned this matter in the previous training.

The trauma treatment team includes 12 surgeons, 8 surgical assistants, and 30 nurses, divided into four teams, and sticks to the trauma treatment hospital where they are located day and night.

The four members of the core team that Carvey was in were the ones who had performed Fernan's abdominal surgery. The first assistant was Hermann, the second assistant was Damirgang, the third assistant was Bergert, and the anesthetist Amor, among which Bergert and Amor were assistant.

Although it is not a problem for Bergett to become an army doctor based on his work experience, he is not yet qualified to hold a scalpel here.

The four squads have a simple competition mechanism, and everyone can participate in the rotation.As long as an obvious mistake is made, the level will drop by one level, the main knife becomes the first assist, the first assist becomes the second assist, and so on.

This includes Kavey himself.

"I'm eager to try"

Herman looked at Kavey's young and immature face, and rarely regained his confidence.But his innate personality quickly discouraged him, and the ups and downs of the whole mental journey were faster than a roller coaster: "I know it is impossible to replace you, but I just want to be the lead surgeon in another group if possible."

"It's okay, there will be a summary meeting every day, and I will make fine-tuning." Carvey took out the sketch of Olgi's abdominal surgery from his pocket again, "I haven't done the operation process of removing the liver before." To be honest, now is the right time to explain clearly to you."

"well!"

Herman stuffed the last bit of food into his mouth, pushed the plate aside, and looked carefully: "I'm more confused about how to deal with a ruptured spleen, when should it be stitched up, and when should it be cut off?"

"In this case, you have to see whether the capsule of the spleen is intact"

The train was carrying Kavi to the northern fortress, and in the fortress, a large number of troops had already gathered in place.

Archduke Brecht's command was far more advanced and aggressive than Ludwig's.Just received a telegram last night, after it was clear that Prussia had declared war, he ordered his troops to move north, preparing to take the northern important town, Breslau, the capital of Silesia, as soon as possible. (now Freclaw, Poland)

Unlike the director-level doctors stationed in strategic rear hospitals, young doctors without much experience and status must act with the army.The comfortable city life made it difficult for them to adapt to the wild, and the fear of war slowly changed their determination to be loyal to the empire unconsciously.

In the Kravov Infantry Battalion of the Third Army, there is a typical young military doctor.

He is from Graz, graduated from the Graz Medical Faculty, and has only been in clinical work for two years.The operations that can be used as the main surgeon are limited to general epidermal tumor resection, and amputation is rare, but the success rate is not high.

Three months ago, his hospital in Graz received a notice: All doctors are obliged to sign up as reserve military doctors.

In the case of the general mobilization of the people, this short and extremely confusing notice aroused the restless "heart of sincerity" in the young doctor's chest.He felt that joining the army was the duty of every doctor, so he immediately went to the Graz recruitment office to register, and the next day he boarded the train to Vienna.

But there are very few young people who plunge into the army like him. When reporting at the military medical office, there were not many people sitting around, and almost all of them were elderly veterans.Some are even over 50 years old, not only have chronic cough, but also neuralgia and enteritis.

And their medical experience is only as a hospital assistant when they were soldiers, or just helping to pull a hook on the operating table.

Once they leave the special environment like the army, their academic qualifications and medical knowledge are not enough to become doctors.But when the war came quietly again, they became an indispensable part of the military medical team. As for other things, who can control it.

In this way, amid hesitation and disappointment, the young military doctor finished his simple military medical training in August.

He obtained the rank of second lieutenant and was incorporated into an infantry battalion of the Third Army as an "army doctor". A few days ago, he came to the Olmitz Fortress with the large army and directly entered the fortress Army General Hospital to work.

Unfortunately, the stable work is coming to an end soon.

At dawn today, the third army he was in received an order from the commander-in-chief and immediately set off to move north. As the military doctor accompanying the infantry battalion, he was no exception.

"Doctor Litokwa!"

"I'm here!"

The young medic was on his own horse, the only benefit that the rank of second lieutenant conferred.In addition, as a military doctor, he also needs to lead a mule carrying necessary medical supplies. 【2】

Major Klavov personally slowed down the speed of his military horse, came to his side and said: "According to the commander's order, my troops need to move forward quickly to help the engineering troops establish a stronghold in front, please speed up! "

"Yes!"

Seeing his delicate face, Kravov shook his head in his heart: "There may be a battle ahead, please be careful."

"Yes!"

But as soon as the words fell, there was a faint sound of cannons in the ears of the two of them.