Opening game, American Tycoon

Chapter 1186 The Golden Age of Scientists (First update, please subscribe)
At the end of every year, a feast of scientists will be staged in Daming.

Scientists from all over the world have held academic seminars in the most luxurious Imperial Guest House in Zhongdu and Imperial University in Zhongdu since November, where they discussed and exchanged the latest research results.

In the next few months, scientists are well-deserved traffic stars, and their words and deeds will always attract the attention of the world.

Well, Daming is the whole world.

Journalists from all over the world are always gathered inside and outside the Imperial Guest House, and of course there are Ming scholars from all over the world. They are eager to exchange and study with the world's first-class scholars.

In fact, this is also the reason why Emperor Zhu announced the candidates for the "Emperor Award" in October, and then issued an invitation letter to invite the candidates and their families to Zhongdu, in order to give full play to the value of these scientists.

Even if they don't want to be visiting scholars, it doesn't matter. For many scholars, being able to have a brief exchange with the world's top scholars is also a great benefit.And one thing is certain is that the active academic exchange activities of the empire will fascinate many scientists, and they will involuntarily indulge in it, and even stay on their own initiative.

After all, in this day and age, there is no event that can bring together the world's leading scholars.So many scientists discuss academic issues together, and when researching academic issues, sometimes they often produce some unexpected gains.

Who knows?

The million-strong army of the empire is always science.

What is the core competitiveness of the empire?
Of course it's also science.

Science and technology are the foundation of the Ming Empire!

As an ordinary associate professor of Zhongdu University, Lin Hai has witnessed the rise of education in the empire. When he first came to Daming, there was no Nanhua University, and even the middle school was simple. He only studied for a few years in his hometown in southern Jiangsu. In Nanhua, he started primary school, two years of elementary school, six years of middle school, and then Nanhua University. After graduating from university, he went to Germany to study.

Four years ago, I got a teaching position in the Department of Physics of Zhongdu University.

Like many people, he cherishes the precious communication opportunities during the Emperor's Award. After all, it is an exchange with the world's top scholars. Such an opportunity only comes once a year.

However, exchanges belong to exchanges, and research belongs to research. After the exchange, he still jumped on the experiment—two years ago, he founded the low temperature research laboratory, specializing in low temperature research.Research in the field of cryogenics is a worldwide competition.

As early as ten years ago, Nanhua University realized the liquefaction of oxygen, and began large-scale production of liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen. The liquefaction machine developed by it has also become the basic equipment of cryogenic technology.And this also marks the empire's leadership in the field of low temperature research.A few years later, Professor Du Liangpei of Yingtian University realized the liquefaction and solidification of hydrogen.He thought he had reached the low temperature limit, but then found that helium remained in the residual gas.However, after years of hard work, the liquefaction of helium has not been achieved in many ways.

It was also from then on that Lin Hai, who was determined to conquer this low-temperature fortress, first started with low-temperature equipment, and devoted almost all his energy to improving the laboratory equipment, so that it developed from an initial scale to a catch-up. For this reason, he even founded He founded a technical school where students studied at night and worked in laboratories during the day.The glass technicians trained in the school not only meet the needs of the laboratory, but also are employed to work in many domestic physics laboratories, further promoting domestic low temperature physics and vacuum technology.The talents cultivated by technical schools also had a certain influence on the development of related industries in the empire.

Under his organization and leadership, at the beginning of the year, the Cryogenic Laboratory established a factory capable of producing liquid hydrogen and other gases including helium in large quantities and an experimental building.Different from other physicists, he established a laboratory on an industrial scale, which was the first time, and it was from here that physics moved from a handicraft method to a modern large-scale level.

On this day, as usual, Lin Hai and his colleagues started the helium liquefaction test again after careful preparation.

In order to do this experiment well, Lin Hai prepared for several months, and the preparation work was very meticulous.

"I preliminarily estimate that the liquefaction temperature of helium should be between 5K and 6K. To liquefy, first reserve a large amount of helium to ensure sufficient supply for the test..."

At about 5 o'clock in the morning, 20L of liquid hydrogen was ready and gradually poured into the helium liquefier under the guidance of Lin Hai.When pre-cooling with liquid hydrogen, the students were extremely careful in their actions. If a small amount of air was mixed into the system, all previous efforts would be wasted.

It was not until half past one in the afternoon that all the helium liquefiers were poured into the helium liquefier before the helium cycle began.The thermostat at the center of the liquefier began to dip into never-before-seen low temperatures indicated only by helium thermometers.

"Professor, the indicator is still not showing."

"hold on,"

Lin Hai frowned tightly, however, they waited for several hours, but still could not see any change in the indicator.

"Could it be that the liquefier is not working properly?"

Thinking about this, Lin Hai instructed his assistants and students to use various possible measures to promote the work of the liquefier by adjusting the pressure and changing the expansion piston.

Even after exhausting all means, the thermometer is still motionless, making it difficult to make a judgment.

"Professor, the liquid hydrogen has been used up!"

The news that the liquid hydrogen was exhausted made Lin Hai's heart sink. For this test, he specially prepared 75 liters of liquid hydrogen.

However, the liquid hydrogen was used up, and no sign of liquid helium was observed.

It was already 7:[-] in the evening. Seeing that the experiment was about to end in failure, his assistant Song Shiwei whispered from the side,

"Professor, is it possible that the helium in the helium thermometer itself has also liquefied?"

"The helium in the helium thermometer itself is also liquefied?"

Surprised, he listened to the assistant again.

"Is it possible to light up the container from below to see what's going on?"

Immediately after opening Mao Sai Lin Hai did so.The result made him overjoyed and shouted excitedly.

"Sure enough!"

It turned out that the central thermostat was almost full of liquid, and the reflection of light allowed people to see the liquid surface.This time, Lin Hai obtained a total of 60cm of liquid helium, reaching a low temperature of 4.3K.

The next morning, in the conference room of the Imperial Guest House, Lin Hai showed their experimental results to scholars from various countries. Although the production of liquid helium caused a sensation in the academic circle, it was nothing more than that.

However, no one knows that Lin Hai’s goal is not only to obtain a lower temperature and realize the liquefaction and solidification of gases, but also pays more attention to exploring the various properties of substances under extremely low temperature conditions. The resistance of metals is one of his research objects. one.

At that time, there were different opinions and speculations about the change of metal resistance when it was close to absolute zero.According to classical theory, the resistance of pure metals should gradually decrease with the decrease of temperature, reaching zero at absolute zero.Some people think that this theory does not necessarily apply to extremely low temperatures.When the temperature is lowered, the resistance of the metal may first reach a minimum value and then increase again, because the free electrons may condense on the atoms.According to this view, the resistance of metals at absolute zero has the potential to increase infinitely.The predictions of the two views are diametrically opposed, and which is right and which is wrong can only be judged by experiments.

In the next few years, Lin Hai and his laboratory have been conducting low-temperature resistance experiments. Finally, five years later, he found in the experiment that mercury is superconducting at minus 168°C. Near absolute zero, a conductor loses virtually all resistance.

His discovery shocked the whole world, and he also discovered the phenomenon that the resistance of tin dropped to zero at 3.8K, and then found that lead also had a similar effect. The next year, Lin Hai declared that these materials "entered a new state, this state has special electrical properties", and he proposed the term "superconductivity".

For his outstanding contribution to low temperature physics, Lin Hai won the Sidley Emperor Prize in Physics in 1890.

But at the end of the year and the beginning of the year in 1884, who can predict the future...

(End of this chapter)