industrial maniac

Currently, monitors are mainly divided into two types, CRT and LCD.

CRT is also called a bulkhead machine, which uses a cathode ray tube to project electron beams onto a screen covered with phosphors in the form of an electron gun.

These phosphors are composed of the three primary colors of 'red, green and blue' (RGB), and each adjacent RGB constitutes a phosphor unit, which is: pixel.

The electron gun emits three beams of light, respectively bombarding the R, G, and B phosphor units, and then emits three colors of light with different intensities, and then uses the space color mixing technology to finally form a rich and colorful picture.

Through the control circuit, the higher the bombardment frequency of the electron gun, the higher the image frame rate and the more coherent the picture.

For example, at 12Hz, the naked eye feels that the screen is flickering.

Such as 48Hz, the naked eye feels that the image is very coherent.

The tighter the three primary colors of R, G, and B are arranged, the higher the pixels, and the more refined the picture looks.

Therefore, in order to obtain a better viewing experience, people use CRT technology from small head phones to big head phones to make the monitors bigger and bigger and more cumbersome.

Then LCD technology appeared.

A positive circuit transparent panel is provided first, and then a negative circuit transparent panel is provided, and then liquid containing liquid crystal molecules is filled between the two according to criss-cross grooves.

When we energize the positive and negative panels, the liquid crystal molecules will be arranged according to their characteristics, or arranged orderly, which can transmit light; or arranged chaotically, which can block light.

In this way, set up one or two luminous tubes, use the 'backlight layer' to reflect the light in one direction, use the 'vertical polarizer' to restrain the scattered light, let the light pass through the liquid crystal panel as required, and then pass through the 'horizontal polarizer' Adjust, let the light shine on the 'color filter' containing the three primary colors of RGB, which constitutes the most basic 'LCD screen'.

With the help of the controller, adjust the luminous frequency and spatial color mixing, and finally form a rich and colorful picture.

The approximate layout is: backlight layer→vertical polarizer→positive circuit board/liquid crystal/negative circuit board→horizontal polarizer+RGB color filter→outer screen.

Different materials, different layouts, different designs, and different controllers constitute different LCDs.

For example, the black-and-white screens used in calculators and game consoles are called TN-LCD. Later, color STN-LCD was developed. Due to the mature technology, the price of liquid crystal materials has dropped. At present, it is very cheap and is used in small-sized products below 3 inches. , The disadvantage is that the viewing angle is narrow, and it can only be viewed vertically. If the angle exceeds 50 degrees, it is basically impossible to see the content displayed on the screen.

For example, in the early 90s, integrated technology was used to integrate liquid crystal pixels into thin film transistors, and then use special light pipes to control independent pixels to form an active matrix liquid crystal display called TFT-LCD.

Its viewing angle can be expanded to 70 degrees, and the contrast ratio reaches 150:1. It is used in PC monitors, TV monitors, and car navigation equipment.

For example, the IPS-LCD that just appeared recently is a hard-screen liquid crystal display with a wider viewing angle and a higher price.

At the end of the 90s, TFT-LCD gradually replaced CRT technology.

By the turn of the millennium, the TV industry ushered in a price war, and TFT-LCD liquid crystal displays entered the mainstream stage.

At present, the only manufacturer in China that can produce displays is BOE.

Its mastery of CRT big head machine technology has made China's CRT color TV shipments the first in the world.

However, in this era of emerging high-tech, limited by the industrial base and the "arrangement" mechanism, BOE only has a TN-LCD production line, which can manufacture black and white screens for calculators, but has no TFT-LCD manufacturing capacity, let alone IPS. -LCD.

When CRT bulkheads are abandoned and TFT-LCD is in full swing, as a screen manufacturer, if it cannot manufacture large screens, it means losing the market.

And when Dongfang loses its ability to independently manufacture screens, global screen manufacturers and TV manufacturers, such as Samsung, Panasonic, Sanyo, Toshiba, Sony, NEC (Wajima Electric), etc., will increase the prices of liquid crystal materials and liquid crystal panels.

In this context, together with the TEP series cars, the Dahongqi series cars, and the Tin General series cars, the monochrome green screen is still used.

Lei Meng didn't think that Xu Fei wanted to build a backward CRT headphone, nor did he think that he wanted to screw up the TN-LCD black and white screens on the street.

But to engage in TFT-LCD, or even IPS-LCD.

Manufacturing displays is very simple. He can let Leifei Technology invest in Dongfang, set up an assembly plant, and then contact panel manufacturers to get an ultra-low purchase price. With Xu Fei's operating capabilities, Leifei Technology will definitely become a The world's top display company.

But the research on displays involves too many fields, such as liquid crystal materials, production technology, color adjustment, controller design, and packaging process improvement...

Moreover, cutting-edge talents in related fields are mainly concentrated in super factories, and basically belong to core technicians, and they cannot be dug out at all.

The most important thing is that the current Raymond is no longer the former Raymond. He is the director of the White House Military Advisory Board. He is watched by many agencies. He is like a transparent person. [-] was exposed and became a scandal.

"Xu, I really can't help you right now."

"Okay, understand."

Xu Fei thought for a while, and immediately understood Lei Meng's situation, and it was not suitable for him to help poach people.

But count the people you know.

Romney is busy investing in stocks, and Pope is busy watching his aunt...

Even if Takeuchi Rano went to Panasonic, Sanyo, Toshiba, Sony, and NEC (Wajima Electric) to kidnap people, it would probably take a long time for the other party to step on the spot before they could tie up the right person.

Raymond was silent for a moment, "Wait a while, maybe I can try."

"Oh?"

"After the war, I had a vacation."

Christmas is like the carnival before the war.

At this moment, 27 marines from North America have arrived at the designated location, and six aircraft formations are also assembled in the Persian Gulf, and thousands of fighter planes and missiles are on standby at any time.

Perhaps in the next moment, Iraqi Krypton will be engulfed by the flames of war.

However, Iraq Krypton is not without resistance.

The other party ordered 230 special 80 modifications, 450 armored infantry vehicles, and 1200 V-series rockets from Persia...

Under the principle of confidentiality, Persia proposes to pay first before goods.

However, Iraqi Krypton has been sanctioned by North America for nearly ten years, and it has no foreign exchange at all. It can only be deducted with gold and crude oil.

The price of crude oil has risen sharply, soaring to 85 US dollars per barrel, which is equal to three-fifths of the total payment cheaper than before.

'An order is better than nothing. '

Xu Fei thought about these things, and made an agreement with Lei Meng that he would plot against the experts after the war was over.

Then look at the monochrome PN junction basic production line, and the huge 480x720 comprehensive basic production line with up to 34.56 three-color PN junctions.

This is an LED.

It is not the CRT big head machine that is gradually falling behind, nor is it the complex type of LCD.

This technology was born in the 30s, using the most original principle: lamp bead layout.

That is to set up rows of lamp beads, and display the desired information by controlling the brightness, which is similar to the billboard formed by Daze Industrial Park using halogen lamps + electroplated colored glass.

And these lamp beads, the so-called 'light-emitting diodes', have a PN junction at their core.

To put it simply, it is a semiconductor that can conduct or not conduct electricity at room temperature using silicon or germanium materials.

Since there are basically only 4 atoms around the semiconductor.

If a small amount of boron or indium is doped in the left area, the 3 outer electrons of the boron atom will form a covalent bond with the 4 atoms of the semiconductor, and a 'hole' will be generated, and the hole will be attracted and bound. The boron atoms become negatively charged ions, forming a P-type semiconductor.

If a small amount of phosphorus or antimony is added to the right area, the 5 outer electrons of the phosphorus atom will form a covalent bond with the 4 atoms of the semiconductor. At this moment, one electron is unbound and becomes a free electron. form an N-type semiconductor.

When negatively charged ions in the P region move to the N region, free electrons in the N region move to the P region.

When the two sides meet in the middle of the semiconductor, they form a space charge region that emits light.

The materials are different and the light is different. Based on the three colors of red, green and blue RGB, and then using the space color mixing technology, a rich and colorful picture is formed.

Compared with the complicated CRT and LCD technology, LED is extraordinarily direct and crude.

But its development process is very slow.

At the very beginning, in the 60s, the material used to develop LED lamp beads was gallium arsenide phosphide, which could only emit red light, and it was difficult to reduce the size, about the size of a grain of rice.

Later, with the advancement of science and technology, orange light, yellow light, and green light were gradually researched, and blue light did not appear until the mid-90s.

It stands to reason that if you combine red, green and blue to form the three primary colors of RGB, you can form a colorful picture.

However, the problems facing the world are not only how to enhance the luminous brightness, but also how to reduce the size of the PN junction.

Therefore, the current LED displays are mainly used outdoors and have not yet entered the TV and PC fields.

For example, the 10x480, which costs 720 billion energy to turn on, has about 34.56 three-color PN junctions. The area of ​​a single PN junction in the outside world can be as small as 2mmx2mm, that is, 4mmx34.56. The total area is about 1.38 square meters without counting the frame.

This is the most advanced and sells for up to 150 million red notes.

Of course, their own specifications are definitely not the ones of the outside world, but:

480x720, 34.56 three-color PN junctions, power 0.06w~0.1w, voltage 1.2~2.2v, color temperature 400~650k/nm, brightness 2000~2 lm/mcd, single area 0.5x0.4mm, a total of 6.9 square meters mm, about 690 square centimeters, 10 centimeters long and 6.9 centimeters wide, which is almost equivalent to a 5-inch screen.

Due to the use of production technology, the specifications and materials are reduced, and the cost must be greatly reduced. The internal cost is about 20 red notes. The final price depends on the potential of the 'power bank game console' and the games that come with it.

Xu Fei summed it up and sold it to Wajima, which also surpassed Nintendo's GBA and Sony's PSP.

However, the screen panel is not a display, but also requires cables, controllers, and so on.

And making a game console also requires graphics cards, chips, running memory, storage, and so on.

"How much energy does it take?"

Moreover, the company launched its own 'power bank', considering the style = market compatibility, it is impossible to have only one style, and it is bound to have several styles.

Then, opening a card slot requires 10 billion energy.

If you do not change the resolution and adjust the length and width of the panel, it will still require 10 billion energy slots.

If the resolution is not changed and the area of ​​a single lamp bead is increased, the length and width of the panel will change accordingly, and slotting will be required.

If you do not change the resolution, adjust the power, or adjust the voltage, or adjust the color temperature, or adjust the brightness, you have to make slots separately.

If the resolution is changed, the number of PN junctions increases, and more energy needs to be consumed for slotting.

"If this continues, I'm afraid it will bankrupt the commander."

Xu Fei sits in front of the computer that comes with the monochrome PN junction basic production line, designs an 'indicator', selects manufacturing, and checks the energy that can be obtained.

[Red PN section, power..., voltage..., color temperature..., brightness..., specification...production quantity: 1]
[Raw materials: silicon..., indium..., antimony...]
[Manufacturing is complete, you gain 1 point of energy. ]
"The size of a bean gives 1 point of energy, what about the millimeter level?"

Xu Fei's eyes lit up, and he looked at 480x720.

After obtaining the base, he has been engaged in industrial production for so long, and he has already figured out how to generate energy.

To put it simply, making the same product bigger, unique, and unique takes time and effort, and doesn’t get much energy.

On the contrary, if the product is made small, fine, and ordinary, it can be copied hundreds of billions or even trillions of times without errors. With the quantity and value of the product, more energy can be obtained.

Unfortunately, although he understands the principle of PN junctions with the help of the introduction on the translucent page, he can also try to adjust the color temperature and brightness of 480x720 with the help of his own computer. How to design the control, but have no idea.

For example, red, yellow and green.

Red yellow green.

Green red yellow.

Yellow green red.

With a comprehensive layout in this way, there will soon be lamp beads overlapping.

Changed the program, the built-in computer prompts 'cannot light up'.

Changed the plan again, and the light leaked.

Continue to change the program, all burned out.

What else is low positive, high positive...

And the tunnel breakdown and avalanche breakdown caused by the manufacturing process.

Not to mention getting 34.56 pieces, even 100 pieces will cause eye pain.

"Unexpectedly, there are still things that the director of the factory can't understand."

Xu Fei worked in the middle of the night, rubbed his dry eyes, looked back at the workshop, and felt that his eyes were full of red, yellow and green stars.

Go home and sleep, wake up the next day, and continue to work.

So three days, no progress.

In the end, he picked up the phone and asked the fourth secretary's grandfather, Uncle Sun.

The other party communicated with the Academy of Social Sciences and told: No one here understands your LED screen. If you are engaged in LCD, BOE can send someone to help.

Then, due to the transfer of departments, 20 researchers in the field of memory chips, 20 experts in the field of CRT bulkhead controllers, and 15 designers in the field of display chips were dispatched to Hongqi Automobile.

Xu Fei hung up the phone, first contacted the fourth secretary to prepare for the docking, and then asked the laboratory to dismantle a TFT-LCD display and enter the relevant technology into the sixth-level basic production line.

Then it was found that if you want to bypass the patented technology, the manufacturing cost of TFT-LCD is much higher than that of LED.

The self-designed LED panel may have been manufactured by a company, but it has not appeared on the market.

Xu Fei immediately contacted the headquarters of Iron Sheet Company and asked them to go around the world and try to register the technology patent.

After busy work, continue to think about how to get the LED panel.

"By the way, there should be discussions about screens in the Internet cafes of the expansion pack."

Xu Fei's eyes lit up, and he called out the translucent page, and searched for 'screen', 'display', and 'LED' from tens of thousands of expansion packs.

Soon, there are hundreds of snippets in the list.

"Diamond arrangement? Between the three-color lamp beads, there is a need to leave a black border."

"Who is Zhou Dongyu?"

"Nintendo Switch OLED?"

With a reference, you also know how to arrange the lamp beads.

After arranging the lamp beads, according to the unidirectional conduction characteristics of the PN junction, we can quickly figure out how to arrange the lines.

Another three days passed.

"The director of the factory is indeed a genius, and he invented a brand new OLED!"

"No, it's called XLED, Xu's LED."

Suddenly.

Wan Tao called, "Director, the game you want is ready, do you want to experience it?"

"almost there."

Xu Fei arranged ten engineers to guard the LED panel production line and forbid anyone to enter. First, he found the scientific research personnel sent by Uncle Sun, and then organized a group to TEP Computer Service Company.