Digging up my own ancestral grave, the school flower insists that I am a tomb robber

Chapter 465 Emperor?
When they walked to a tomb again, Chen Mu and the others were a little surprised.

Because the gap between this tomb and the previous tomb is really huge,
The gate of this tomb is made of gold. It is seven or eight meters high and four or five meters wide.
It is too extravagant to cast such a gate with gold, and the patterns carved on it are also very exquisite. It is not an ordinary skill at first glance.
At this moment, Chen Mu and the others were naturally a little surprised. The tombs of so many famous ministers and generals were far inferior to this one.

Ye Jin said at this time, "This tomb is the real highlight. There should be big secrets in it, or important people are buried."

In this regard, everyone naturally agreed with this statement. At this time, Chen Mu said lightly, "Perhaps, an emperor will be buried inside."

what? !

Everyone was slightly surprised, the emperor?Is it really possible?The emperor can let the Queen Mother of the West be buried in her tomb?
It's a bit messy!
If what Brother Mu said is right, then what exactly is the Queen Mother of the West trying to do?
then,

Chen Mu easily cracked the mechanism on the gate. As the golden gate slowly opened, everyone was stunned when they saw the huge tomb inside. What's more, the top of the tomb was full of precious pearls. are all kinds of rare treasures,
this moment,
Professor Ye drooled without any surprise, his expression was full of surprise and joy,

"Yuan blue and white, so many blue and white, Yuan blue and white porcelain greatly changed the implicit and introverted style of traditional porcelain, with a clear visual effect, giving people a concise pleasure. With its majestic heroic spirit and artistic original spirit, it pushed the art of blue and white painting to the peak and established It has ensured the prosperity and longevity of blue and white porcelain in later generations."

Chen Xiaoxiao said at this time, "Sister-in-law, this... how can I tell if it is Yuan Qinghua?"

Hearing this, Ye Jin replied, "The use of the binary formula of Yuan blue-and-white earth soil increases the firing temperature, so that the glaze formula can be changed accordingly.

JDZ enamel is traditionally prepared by mixing glaze fruit with glaze ash. Glaze fruit is a lightly weathered porcelain stone, the main component is limestone, and it contains about 90% calcium oxide after calcination.In the Tang and Song Dynasties, the front of JDZ porcelain was prepared with glaze fruit mixed with glaze ash.Glaze fruit is a lightly weathered porcelain stone, the main components are silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide, and the main component of glaze ash is limestone.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the composition of glaze fruit was increased and the composition of glaze ash was reduced. In this way, the aluminum oxide in the glaze layer increased and the calcium oxide decreased, which changed the state of the glaze surface, increased the thickness of the glaze layer, and softened the luster of the glaze surface.Observing the glaze layer of some specimens with a high-power magnifying glass, there are large bubbles scattered in the dense misty small bubbles, and there is no transition of medium bubbles.

This is not the case with the Qingbai glaze and Privy glaze of the same period.Bubbles can also be seen on the glaze of blue and white porcelain in the early Ming Dynasty, but large, medium and small bubbles are mixed, and the distribution of large and small bubbles is different from that of Yuan blue and white porcelain.Some utensils have orange peel or brown eyes on the glaze surface.

Qingbai glaze was used on blue and white in the early and middle Yuan Dynasty, using domestic green materials.The blue and white glaze of the late Yuan Dynasty blue and white porcelain is a derivative of the shadow blue glaze, which is different from the shadow blue glaze or blue white glaze of the blue and white porcelain of the early and middle Yuan Dynasty.The glaze surface is grayed or yellowed, and the glaze layer has a strong luster or is matte. In addition to the lack of firing technology, it is also related to the high proportion of glaze ash in the glaze layer.The blue-and-white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty is glazed with green and white glaze, which is shiny and transparent. A fine leather shell can be seen on the surface of the fetal bone.

The glaze on the body of the body is slightly bluish blue, slightly light blue in the warm and moist environment. Except for the water green on the foot ring, the body glaze on the body is often pale yellow, sometimes milky white, and its color will change with the air. Humidity, temperature changes slightly different.In the blue vases and pots of the Yuan Dynasty, when oblique light penetrated through the glaze, irregular off-white silk thread stripes would appear, also known as glaze decoration.There are no air bubbles on the underglaze blue and white in the Yuan Dynasty. When the temperature is high, the tire glaze is dry, but sometimes there is a slight sweating phenomenon.The color development of the glaze surface in the Yuan Dynasty seems to have a sense of activity.

白釉
It has been used since the Zhizheng period in the middle of the 14th century, using imported green materials.The glaze surface is white and bluish, the glaze color is shiny and translucent, smooth and moist, the place where the glaze accumulates is duck egg blue, the brightness of the glaze color often flickers, and the glaze surface of the foot circle shows a faint water green.It has just the right transparency, brightness and color, which can better set off the expressiveness of blue and white.

egg white glaze,
At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, blue and white began to be used, and the glaze layer was milky. Domestic green materials were used, and there were many small utensils, most of which were stem cups, bowls, bowls, and small pots. of finger marks.Except for the jade pot and spring bottle utensils in Yuan Dynasty, the bottom is generally unglazed.

There are glaze spots of different sizes and shapes exposed at the bottom.There is a circle of glaze marks of varying widths on the inner side of the stem cup near the bottom.Plum vases and other thin-bodied bottles have plain tires along the inner edge of the mouth.The inner wall of the large jar is glazed by the glaze method.

The inner side of the cover is plain, light khaki, with subtle glaze spots.The glaze surface of Yuan blue and white vessels is basically flat, the glaze surface of large-scale cutters is slightly raised at the joint of the carcass, the thickness of the glaze at the mouth of the vessel is uneven, and the thin glaze is beige.

Judging from the remnants, there is no glaze in the belly below the neck of the bottle, and there are pieces of glaze spots on the bottom of bottles and jars, or in the feet of goblets and bowls. Shows a light flint red border.Some of the utensils have burrs (that is, small bubbles burst).Some glazes on the surface of the utensils have glaze shrinkage, which is not serious and belongs to a small number of phenomena.The glaze feels warm and moist like jade, and the light is soft and not glaring. If it is too bright or has strong bright spots, it is worth considering. "

paused,
Ye Jin continued, "Yuan blue-and-white porcelain is generally divided into two colors, one is gray-blue, which is lighter, and the other is dark blue, which is more gorgeous. In the traditional concept, the gray-blue color is domestic material, which is blue. The bright ones are imported materials. Imported green materials are used for large, medium or small yuan blue and white flowers, while domestic cobalt materials are only used for medium and small vessels.

The shape of blue and white porcelain in Yuan Dynasty is unique.From the point of view of the production process, huge shapes with heavy carcass appeared at this time, such as large pots, large bottles, large plates, and large bowls.

However, there are also delicate works, such as tall bowls, tall cups, cups, plates, etc. with thin carcass.

In the Yuan Dynasty, blue and white porcelain had not yet become a necessity for the court or people’s daily life. Except for wine utensils and Ming ware, the main products were exported. Therefore, the shape of Yuan blue and white porcelain has a certain particularity. The needs of users with different living habits.

For example, large jars, large bottles, large plates, and large bowls are large-scale eating utensils specially produced to adapt to the habit of sitting on the ground and eating together among the majority of Muslims in Taiwan.

The small containers produced in Yuanshi, such as small pots, small bottles, and small pots, were mostly sold to the Philippines.

According to archaeological data, many small pieces of Yuan blue and white porcelain were made for export to meet the burial needs of Southeast Asians.In addition to export, Yuan blue and white producers also produced small and medium-sized bottles, stoves, pen mounts, high-legged bowls, and seat holders in order to conform to the social life customs of the Yuan Dynasty.It can be roughly divided into five categories. "

"JDZ potters in the Yuan Dynasty made further innovations on the basis of inheriting the achievements of Tang and Song porcelain making, making up for the lack of rough craftsmanship in the shape, and making the blue and white flowers of the Yuan Dynasty more exquisite.

The unicorn pattern is one of the themes with the characteristics of the times in the blue and white decoration of the Yuan Dynasty. The unicorn is the legendary beast of auspiciousness. In the blue and white pattern of the Yuan Dynasty, its image features are the head of a deer, the hooves of a cow, and the tail of a horse, and it is often combined with the patterns of flowers, plants, melons and fruits. In the finished painting, there are also those painted with the dragon and phoenix patterns on the same vessel.

Figure pattern is the most admirable decorative theme in Yuan blue-and-white decoration. Compared with other animal and plant patterns, Yuan blue-and-white utensils painted with figure and story patterns are relatively rare, but almost all of them can be regarded as rare treasures.

Judging from the known data, the characters and story patterns on the blue and white flowers of Yuan Dynasty mainly include "Xiao Heyue Chasing Han Xin", "Liu Bei Three Visits to the Thatched Cottage", "General Meng Tian", "Wen Ji Returning to Han", "Zhou Yafu Xiliuying", " "Zhaojun goes out of the fortress", "Yuchi Gong the Savior", "Four love pictures", etc., in addition to some patterns that are difficult to distinguish the plot of the characters.

The story content of these patterns is mostly based on the stories of famous historical figures that are popular among the people. Obviously, it is closely related to the popularity of storybook novels in the Song and Yuan Dynasties and the development of Yuan Dynasty dramas, reflecting the profound influence of literature and art on the ceramic decoration technology of the Yuan Dynasty influences.

In addition to the distinctive features of the theme decoration in the Yuan blue and white decoration, many auxiliary patterns also have a unique style of the times, among which the deformed lotus petal pattern and cloud shoulder pattern are the most prominent.

The deformed lotus petal pattern is one of the auxiliary patterns that best represent the characteristics of Yuan porcelain. In addition to the blue and white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty, it can also be seen in the egg white glaze and bluish white glaze products of the JDZ kiln of the same period and the celadon decoration of the Longquan kiln of the Yuan Dynasty. The painting method is general Two lines thick on the outside and thin on the inside outline the outline of the lotus petals. Each lotus petal is not connected, that is, there is a certain gap left. Flowers, clouds, flames or treasure patterns are painted inside the lotus petals.

Chenbao is also called miscellaneous treasures. In the Yuan Dynasty, miscellaneous treasure patterns were often composed of fire beads, rhinoceros horns, ancient coins, silver ingots, gourds, lotus flowers, ganoderma lucidum, etc., but the combination was not fixed.

This kind of deformed lotus petal pattern is mostly decorated on the mouth, shoulder or shin of the utensils. Some are painted for one week, and some are painted for four weeks on different parts, but they are not used as theme decorations.The cloud shoulder pattern is also called Ruyi cloud head or Ganoderma lucidum head, commonly known as the big cloud shoulder. It is mostly painted on the neck and shoulders of the utensils. Generally, there are various dense animal and plant patterns painted in the pattern, because it is borrowed from the shoulders of the Yuan and Mongolian noble costumes. Weaving and embroidery patterns come from, hence the name. "

"Blue and white are combined with various techniques such as engraving, printing, porcelain sculpture, and bas-relief. Painting gives full play to the artistic effect of blue and white. There are several styles of blue and white on white ground, white on blue and white flowers, or line drawing on blue and white. When decorating, Craftsmen combine different types of utensils with different techniques, and some use two or three methods or combine several methods into one. The engraved lines are rough and powerful, the printed lines are round and durable, and the bas-relief effect has a strong three-dimensional effect. In addition, it should be noted that In the Yuan Dynasty, the painting method of blue and white decorations is mainly flat painting, combined with the techniques of hooking, chapping, dotting and dyeing, the lines are vigorous and powerful, showing the superb painting talent of the craftsmen of the Yuan Dynasty."

"In the main pattern of Yuan blue and white, the plants include: peony pattern, lotus pattern, chrysanthemum pattern, pine, bamboo and plum pattern, moon plum pattern, etc. In addition to the above main flowers, morning glory, camellia, crabapple flower, Rose flowers, jujube flowers and daylilies, Ganoderma lucidum, plantains or bamboo stone grapes, melons and fruits, grass insects, etc. are used as backgrounds for the picture. Animals include: dragon pattern, phoenix pattern, kylin pattern, fish and algae pattern, mandarin duck lying on lotus pattern, peacock pattern, deer Among them, the dragon pattern of the Yuan Dynasty is very distinctive, with a slender body like a snake, a flat and long head, two horns, a mouth with teeth, a slender neck, thin legs, concave and convex tendons, and three claws. The fingers, four fingers or five fingers are spread out vigorously, and the elbow hair and tail mane are all in flame shape.

Character stories are all painted on larger utensils, such as covered jars, plum vases, jade pots and spring vases.Covered jars and plum vases have a thicker diameter and a larger painting area, and are mostly used to express grand scenes.The picture is mostly placed in the main part of the middle section of the utensil, which is visually prominent and gives people a strong impact.Yuhuchun bottle neck and shoulders are slender, with a large and drooping abdomen. Generally, pictures with few figures and small scenes are selected. If large scenes need to be represented, they are often painted with the whole vessel. "

"..."

"Besides that, there are still many things that need to be learned. I will tell you so much for now. You should digest it well first, and then I will explain it to you in detail after you have digested it."

As the sound falls,

Chen Xiaoxiao was very impressed, "Sister-in-law, I feel like you are a walking encyclopedia of cultural relics, this is amazing!"

"If you memorize a lot, you will know that you should know more about cultural relics. Behind the cultural relics is history. My Chinese civilization has a long history. In fact, the troubles you encounter now have solutions in history. Everything Everything is just a reincarnation, if we take history as a mirror, we can know the ups and downs!" Ye Jin replied.

At this time,

Ye Wen said happily again, "There are so many Yuan Dynasty jades, not too many Yuan Dynasty jades have been unearthed now, and there are not many, but the degree of preciousness is far less than these."

As for Yuan Dynasty jade, Ye Jin also briefly told Chen Xiaoxiao,
Hetian jade was the main raw material for jade wares in the Yuan Dynasty, and the quality of the jade was delicate, while the slightly off-white color of white jade was a common feature of jade wares unearthed during this period.

Due to the integration of Mongolian and Central Plains cultures in the Yuan Dynasty, some unique changes occurred in the shape of the utensils.For example, a more distinctive hat top appeared, which was not available in other eras.

Another example is that the lion in the Yuan Dynasty was based on a dog, which may be related to nomadic culture.

Most of the animals in the Yuan Dynasty looked ferocious; officials of the second rank and above could wear jade belts, civil officials had bird and bird patterns, military officers had animal patterns, and lion patterns were for the first rank; the jade dragons in the Yuan Dynasty had three bundles of hair, long double horns, thick eyebrows rolled up, and a wide nose bridge. From the beginning, it is a meta-characteristic.

The jade wares of the Yuan Dynasty were brightly polished, with rough and powerful cutting techniques, and deep Yin lines were often seen.Secondly, drill marks can be seen at the entrance of the hollowed-out parts of the jade wares of the Yuan Dynasty, and the middle part of the leaf pattern is often dug deeply.

For the rest, Ye Jin didn't say any more, these were enough for Chen Xiaoxiao to digest.

At this time,

Ye Jin said beside Chen Mu, "Brother Mu, who is buried in this tomb, whether it's Yuan blue and white or jade, it's very extraordinary."

heard,

Chen Mu shook his head slightly and said, "I didn't see any murals or anything, so I can't tell. Wait and see. I guess the murals are the same as the previous tomb chamber. They will only appear after the mechanism is turned, or maybe, open the coffin for a while to have a look. "

The sound just fell,

In the tomb, there was a clear buzzer, and everyone in the archaeological team became vigilant for a while.

(End of this chapter)