Xuande

Chapter 765 Liu Bei Begins to Reform

For this extravagant trouble, Liu Bei is happy.

However, he knew that this was only temporary, because the power of the conservatives of the ancient literature school was limited, and the target groups for liquidation were limited and the number was not large, so they would feel extremely relaxed.

When the Dutian operation is in full swing and the landlords and powerful landlords set off rebellions one after another, they will know what it means to be exhausted.

Sometimes, the enemy does not lie in strength, but in numbers. The so-called ants kill elephants. If there are more numbers, even if they can win, they will be exhausted.

But let them take Versailles for now.

Their Versailles also fundamentally established Liu Bei's status as the newly enthroned emperor.

As we all know, the emperor is the one with the strongest soldiers and horses.

Although this truth is not recognized by everyone today, and it is not as harsh and true as it was said during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the truth is the truth and cannot be changed by foreign things.

Liu Bei is the most powerful person in the world. He has been in the past, is now, and will be in the future. He used a liquidation operation to consolidate his position, and by the way, let the whole world know the fact that he was enthroned.

For more than three months, all the surviving state governors, county governors, and county magistrates of the entire Han Empire congratulated Liu Bei on his ascension to the throne, recognized his status, and declared their allegiance to him.

Those who refused to admit it all died, or fled, and their life and death are unknown.

Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and other old brothers were overjoyed and wrote letters one after another expressing their desire to go back to Luoyang to congratulate Liu Bei, but they were stopped by Liu Bei's official business and promised to allow them to come back to report on their work during the Chinese New Year, and then everyone drank together to celebrate.

This partial liquidation operation can also be regarded as a war, a war for Liu Bei to prove his strength.

After the war was over, Liu Bei proved his "legitimacy" as emperor, so from mid-September of the fifth year of Jian'an, Liu Bei began to launch political actions in Luoyang.

The calmness of the first three months does not mean that nothing will happen. No one can stop the political reform that Liu Bei will carry out. He will carry out a reorganization of the Luoyang court according to his own ideas, straighten out the entire court organization, and officially declare that he is a great man. The establishment of the Third Reich.

The central political structure of the Second Empire of the Han Dynasty was a set of administrative systems based on the system of Sangong and Jiuqing, with Shangshutai in charge of the overall situation, and the emperor's dictatorship as the foundation. Shangshutai played an extremely important role in this system.

During the more than 190-year history of the Eastern Han Empire, this institution has continuously competed with the Sangong and Jiuqing for power. It relied on the emperor to seize a considerable part of the power of the Sangong and Jiuqing, and in fact became the administrative center of the Han Empire.

And it was also in Shangshutai that in the process of continuous political evolution, the six-department system of officials, households, ceremonies, soldiers, and criminals emerged in its rudiment, that is, the system of assigning Cao to handle affairs. The appellation "Ministry" appeared.

Liu Bei set up six ministries in the General's Mansion to handle government affairs, divided state affairs into six ministries for comprehensive handling, carried out substantial political reform and political practice, and operated this system for a period of time, achieving good results.

So in the middle and late September of the fifth year of Jian'an, Liu Bei officially issued an edict, announcing that he would reform the central organization of the Luoyang court.

On the premise of retaining the name of the Sangong and Jiuqing, the six institutions that originally belonged to the General's Mansion were rectified, replacing the Shangshutai, and became an important center for the imperial court to handle affairs.

In the six-ministration system, Liu Bei separated agricultural and land affairs from the Ministry of Households, set up a separate Ministry of Agriculture, and separated educational affairs from the Ministry of Rites, and then set up a Ministry of Education.

So the six ministries were changed into eight ministries, with the Ministry of Officials, the Ministry of Rites, the Ministry of Law, the Ministry of Military Affairs, the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Household Affairs, the Ministry of Agriculture, and the Ministry of Education as the core, and the specific service departments under the eight ministries as the main body to restructure the central administration. system.

In addition, the original central authority will be abolished and integrated, and some unnecessary departments will be abolished, or split into eight departments, and the personnel organization will be streamlined.

Although the political structure of the Eastern Han Dynasty was based on the name of the Sangong Jiuqing and had no actual power, it is not completely meaningless that there are quite a few functional agencies in the Sangong government.

For example, Xicao, Dongcao, Hucao, Zuocao, Jincao, etc. in the Taiwei Mansion all have their own functional responsibilities, and there are also relevant officials, but they are restricted by Shangshutai when doing things, and the Taiwei himself does not have The actual control power over Zhu Cao.

Functions are available, the team is available, and the personnel are neat, but the leader has no temperance power. The subordinates are actually not under the command of the immediate superior, and the temperance power is often in the Shangshutai directly under the emperor.

Therefore, although Shangshutai has a lot of power, these functional departments still exist, and Sangong still has some dignity.

In Liu Bei's reform plan, the three men, Situ Sikong and Taiwei, have only themselves and no other functional departments.

They are polished commanders, high-ranking officials and nobles, enjoying very rich financial support, and that's all.

Liu Bei has no intention of paying any fees for Sangong's face project. All their subordinates and functional organizations will be abolished according to different attributes, and personnel will be merged into the eight departments to enrich the staff of the eight departments.

Taichang, Guangluxun, Weiwei, Taipu, Tingwei, Dahonglu, Zongzheng, Dasinong, Shaofu and other nine ministers, Liu Bei also plans to make some adjustments to them.

The responsibilities of Taichang mainly belong to the scope of the Ministry of Rites and the Ministry of Science, so all the officials and functions of Taichang's position will be merged into the Ministry of Rites and the Ministry of Science.

Guang Luxun and Wei Wei are mainly responsible for the palace guards, which is the duty to protect the emperor's own safety. By the way, Guang Luqing also has the meaning of cultivating reserve officials and making friends with noble children. This authority is more sensitive, so Liu Bei also decided to transfer their powers split.

In terms of palace guards, all guard duties will be uniformly set up to be in charge of the Imperial Guard Army. The Imperial Guard Army will be expanded with the Tiger Guard Army as the core to protect the emperor and the palace at ordinary times.

In special periods, such as when the emperor is on his own expedition, it is also necessary to go out with the emperor. For example, when morale needs to be boosted, the imperial guards can also go out on behalf of the emperor.

Guang Luxun's own function of training reserve officials will be brought back to the Ministry of Officials and will no longer be in charge of Guang Luxun.

All the subordinate officials of Guang Luxun and Weiwei were abolished, leaving only these two positions themselves, and nothing would be left except honor and official salary.

Taifu is a bit like the head of the Ministry of Industry. He used to be responsible for raising horses, but later his powers became more and more vague. Liu Bei decided to take all the duties of the Taipu to the Ministry of Industry, and he was the only one left.

The authority held by Tingwei was naturally merged into the Ministry of Justice by Liu Bei, and all subordinate officials were abolished, leaving only himself.

As for the position of Da Honglu, Liu Bei decided to keep it.

The Ministry of Rites has a part of Dahonglu's authority, but Dahonglu is also responsible for foreign affairs, especially at the moment, this Dahonglu is in charge of Dong Zhuo, who is responsible for opening up the Western Regions, which is an important national policy for the future of the Third Empire of the Han Dynasty.

Therefore, Liu Bei planned to use Dahonghe as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, transfer its internal powers to the Ministry of Rites, and reserve its external powers to Dahonghe.

Needless to say, Zongzheng will also be reserved. This is a management position specifically for the royal family, the royal family, and the Han family clan. Liu Bei plans to carry out a wave of operations on the Han clan clan group after that. reserve.

Da Sinong is even simpler. All powers are merged into the Ministry of Households and the Ministry of Agriculture, and all subordinate officials are abolished, leaving only himself.

There is also the Shaofu, because it controls the emperor's personal money bag, which is of great importance in special times, so Liu Bei decided to keep the Shaofu and manage his own money bag.

Moreover, in the new era, Liu Bei decided to hand over the management authority of eunuchs, court ladies, and the central kitchen to the Shaofu, making the Shaofu a serious royal steward, managing all daily affairs within the palace.

It's just that when it comes to specific operations involving the inner palace, the Shaofu needs to ask the queen for instructions, and can only operate after obtaining the queen's permission.

Therefore, only Da Honglu, Zongzheng, and Shaofu retained their powers among the three princes and nine ministers of the Third Empire of the Han Dynasty, and they still exercised some or all of the powers. Is the glory, the mascot.

Of course, the salary and benefits are given, which is a glorious position that only takes money and does nothing. It is specially used to provide for old officials.

In addition, when Liu Bei was in power as a general, some other department positions also played a major role.

For example, Zhi Jinwu, this once honorable position and later the captain of the fire brigade, was given by Liu Bei the power of a military court judge to manage the enforcement and interpretation of military laws in the army. Liu Bei decided to retain this position.

The military regulations and discipline of the army not only need to be controlled within the army, but it is also necessary to set up a military court externally to deter it. More deeply, the establishment of a military court can effectively prevent the civilian government from interfering in the internal affairs of the army.

Liu Bei didn't want a group of civil servants with no war experience to get involved in the army and mess around, it would only make the army's combat effectiveness drop rapidly.

In addition, Sili Xiaowei, the highest supervisory official in the Sili area, in Liu Bei's view, has no great significance in the new era.

Originally, Ting Wei, Sili Xiaowei, and Yushi Dafu became the three important chief justices of the Han Dynasty. The significance of Sili Xiaowei's existence was also related to the separation tendency of local counties and states in the Eastern Han Dynasty and the special status of Sanhe and Sanfu areas. .

In the Han Third Empire led by Liu Bei, he had decided to settle the Sili region as a formal administrative region. He wanted to promote a regional equality policy nationwide and focus on eliminating official discrimination between regions.

Therefore, the special existence of Captain Sili in this special period is meaningless in Liu Bei's blueprint.

The Sili region will officially become a local administrative region, and a special chief executive will be set up in the Sili region, so the Sili captain can be abolished, but the authority of the Sili lieutenant and the [-] skilled Zhongdu officials It cannot just disappear.

They will all be merged into Yushitai and become part of Yushitai.

In the Third Empire of the Han Dynasty, among the eight departments, the Ministry of Law, the Yushitai and the newly established Zhongshutai will become the new three law departments of the Han Dynasty—the Ministry of Law is responsible for the judiciary, the Yushitai is responsible for supervision, and the Zhongshutai is in charge of law enforcement.

The crucial legislative power is exercised by the joint meeting of the emperor and the three jurisprudence, and the emperor cannot be absent from it.

In addition, Liu Bei abolished the General's Mansion and General Hussar's Mansion.

He didn't like the unspoken rules of the double monarch, so in the Great Han Third Empire, he mainly wanted to crack down on this unspoken rule, so the first thing he did was the mansion of the third prince and the mansion of the two generals.

In this way, the five central levels of the Sangong Mansion, the Grand General's Mansion, and the Hussar General's Mansion, which can legally recruit national officials and build their own political network, will all be abolished, and all their meanings will be merged into the eight-part system middle.

Now is not the time, and after the situation is completely stabilized, Liu Bei will announce that it is no longer possible for a high-ranking official to open the mansion.

He will even restrict the power of the governor of the state and the prefect of the county to open the mansion, and make a certain degree of adjustment, so that the hidden rule of the double monarch has no market in the Han Dynasty and the Third Empire, and it is gradually dying out.

In the end, because Liu Bei inherited the fine tradition of the Second Empire of the Han Dynasty—no prime minister, but directly in charge of the Eight Departments as the emperor, this will put the emperor under enormous pressure.

Therefore, Liu Bei decided to reorganize the Shangshutai, absorb some of the officials who entered the general's mansion, and change the Shangshutai to the cabinet, making it the emperor's private secretary department, assisting the emperor in handling daily government affairs, and becoming an important place for the emperor to train young and close ministers .

Therefore, the reform of the central government structure of the Third Empire of the Han Dynasty was completed in Liu Bei's blueprint.

Although the Sangong Jiuqing system still exists, it has actually become history. The central government respects the emperor, and under the emperor, it is directly under the eight departments of officials, households, rites, military, law, industry and agriculture.

The Ministry of Officials is responsible for the assessment, selection, promotion and demotion of officials, etc.

The Ministry of Household Affairs is responsible for the population and financial affairs of the country.

The Ministry of Agriculture is responsible for land and agricultural affairs throughout the country.

The Ministry of Rites is responsible for national etiquette planning and sacrificial affairs.

The Faculty is responsible for national education affairs.

The Military Department is responsible for the logistics management of the military.

The Ministry of Law is responsible for implementing the Han Law and exercising judicial power.

The Ministry of Industry is responsible for national construction engineering affairs.

In addition to the Eight Ministries, there are other permanent central departments.

Yushitai, responsible for supervising officials.

Zhongshutai is responsible for the management and daily law enforcement of the national army in counties and counties across the country.

Da Honglu, in charge of foreign affairs.

Zhi Jinwu, in charge of the military court, is in charge of military justice.

Zongzheng is responsible for the management of the affairs of the royal family, the royal family, and the clan of the Han Dynasty.

The Shaofu is responsible for the management of the emperor's private purse, servants in the palace, and the central kitchen.

The cabinet, the emperor's private secretarial department, assists the emperor in handling government affairs.

So far, Liu Bei has completed the construction of administrative and judicial aspects. The next period of work for the Luoyang court is to rebuild the central system according to Liu Bei's requirements.

(End of this chapter)