Guide to Traveling through the Northern Song Dynasty.

Chapter 112 0107 [Avenue of Physics]

"stop!"

Min Zishun wanted to catch up with Chen Yuan, but he heard his uncle stop after walking a few steps.

Min Wenwei asked, "Where are you going?"

Min Zishun turned around and bowed: "Uncle, my nephew would like to ask for some knowledge."

"His knowledge is inherited from Er Cheng, so it's naturally excellent, but it's too sideways," Min Wenwei warned, "It's not too late to learn from him after you rank first in the imperial examination."

Min Wenwei has been in charge of the Academy for more than [-] years, and he has not even graduated a Jinshi. No one blames him for this situation.

Because in the entire Hanzhong area, there were only 22 Jinshi in the Song and Song Dynasties for more than 15 years, and one out of 30 years.This is just an average, even if there is no Jinshi for [-] years, it is very normal.

Unlike Jiangdong and Jiangxi, there are a lot of exams in one test!
In the Song Dynasty, there was no north-south list system, and the distribution of Jinshi was extremely uneven, mainly from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan, Fujian, Kaifeng, Guanzhong, and Hunan.Even these areas are relatively concentrated, such as Sichuan, where most Jinshi come from Chengdu Fulu, and Guangdong, where most Jinshi come from Guangzhou and its surrounding areas.

In the Hanzhong area, an average of 15 years for a Jinshi is already very good, and Yangzhou Academy is definitely considered a high-end institution.

Min Zishun bowed his hands again: "Uncle, sincerity and benevolence, my nephew knew it before, but it is not as clear as today. Mr. Chen is a true Confucian, and my nephew wants to study with him, so I ask my uncle to make it happen."

Min Wenwei said: "You are my family's thousand-mile horse, and you are the most promising Jinshi in the past 20 years."

Min Zishun said: "You don't have to be an official, but you have to seek true knowledge."

Min Wenwei said: "This Mr. Chen is the first to solve the formula. For the next 30 to [-] years, he didn't even take the imperial examination. He only knew how to concentrate on learning. Don't you want to be like him?"

"I yearn for it." Min Zishun bowed his head, although he didn't dare to meet his uncle's eyes, he had already made up his mind.

Min Wenwei knew his nephew very well, knowing that once he made up his mind, nine bulls would not be able to pull him back.After being silent for a while, he said helplessly: "Six years, just study with him for six years, and after six years, you must come back for the imperial examination!"

"Nephew obeys!"

Min Zishun was overjoyed, and immediately bid farewell to his uncle and ran towards the direction Chen Yuan left.

Ling Guxu sat next to Bai Chongyan, and said in a low voice: "Why don't we go too, I think, what Mr. Chen said is very reasonable."

Bai Chongyan said with a guilty conscience: "Pretend to move the stool back first, and then go to find Mr. Chen halfway. Don't let the head of the mountain find out, otherwise we will definitely be scolded."

Li Hanzhang laughed and said, "I've heard what Mr. Chen said before, but it's not as clear as he said. It seems to be passed down from Mr. Ming Dao (Cheng Hao)."

Er Cheng is a key figure in Neo-Confucianism, but their emphases are also different.

Cheng Yi is biased, while Cheng Hao is biased.

At this time, Luo Xue's disciples are basically dual-cultivation of psychology, but they also have their own preferences.For example, Yang Shi and Chen Yuan's masters and apprentices are more inclined to Cheng Hao and closer to Xinxue.Zhu Xi, the descendant of Yang Shi for four or five generations, moved closer to Cheng Yi's Neo Confucianism.

Anyway, it was in the Southern Song Dynasty that the study of mind and Neo-Confucianism separated.

Yang Shi and Chen Yuan's pursuit of kindness and benevolence is similar to Wang Yangming's pursuit of conscience.Their emphasis on practice is similar to Wang Yangming's unity of knowledge and action.Everyone can be holy, which is also the slogan of Xinxue Wang Gen.Lu Wang Xinxue has a very clear inheritance relationship with these Luoxue thoughts in the Song Dynasty.

And in Wang Yangming's later years, he tried to integrate the science of mind and science of philosophy. If he succeeded, what he would combine would be an advanced version of Luo Xue...

Seeing his nephew running away, Min Wenwei scolded the teachers and students: "What are you doing standing there, go back to the dormitory to study!"

More than 200 teachers and students, dawdling, moving benches to disperse.

Min Wenwei also returned to his office angrily, but he didn't know that after he left, some students suddenly turned to chase Chen Yuan.There was even an academy teacher who hid from the head of the mountain and followed.

Min Zishun ran for a while, but he couldn't see Chen Yuan's shadow. He started to search in a daze, and suddenly saw two people standing under the old locust tree.

He rushed over excitedly and heard a conversation.

Chen Yuan said: "Before there was heaven and earth, Tai Chi was a chaotic thing. Tai Chi was divided into Yin and Yang, and one Yin and one Yang were called Dao. The metaphysical is Li, and the metaphysical is Qi. Li is different, and there is no distinction between them. Life is between heaven and earth. , with the spirit of two or five. Those who gain clarity are wise, those who gain turbidity are foolish, and those who are neutral are sages. To learn the Tao is to seek a neutrality. To be good and benevolent, a fool can also be a sage.”

Ju Ming did not subvert the ancient world view, because this was the popular perception in the Song Dynasty, and no matter which school of thought recognized it.

Do you still want to talk about the Big Bang?

Even if it is pulled out, it can be said that before the big bang, the chaotic universe was Tai Chi.The division of yin and yang leads to the big bang of the universe, while the qi of the five elements are the various elements of the universe, and the principles are the various laws of the operation of the universe.

Zhu Ming said: "The younger generation majored in "Book of Changes", and there is a saying in the anecdotes: One yin and one yang are called Tao... What the benevolent sees is called benevolence, and the knower sees what is called knowledge. The common people use it every day but don't know it. Dao is fresh. Show all benevolence, hide all uses, encourage all things and not share the same worries with saints, the great cause of prosperity and virtue has come to an end!"

"Of course!" Chen Yuan clapped his hands in praise.

To create a school of thought, you can't just talk nonsense, you have to conform to the sages' articles, otherwise it will be difficult to convince the public.

"Book of Changes: Xi Ci Zhuan" clearly states that the Dao of heaven and earth, the benevolent see benevolence, and the wise see wisdom.People use it every day, but they don't know the reason, so the way of a gentleman cannot be manifested.When truth is revealed, it is benevolence; when truth is hidden, it is the daily use of the people.If all things can have their own nature, Sidley's great cause will be successful.

This is the basis for the founding of Zhu Ming and Chen Yuan.

That is to let the common people know that there is a way in their daily life, and let them understand these principles.Then the people in the world are all gentlemen, the way of sages will be manifested, and the great cause of prosperity and virtue will be successful.

Zhu Ming continued: "Show all benevolence and hide all uses. You can use it to seek benevolence, and you can also turn it into use!"

Chen Yuan praised: "It's good, your father is really a great Confucian!"

Zhu Ming is carrying private goods again, and he wants to come up with "practical learning".

The truth is hidden for daily use, and the people can be benevolent and gentlemen when they understand it.What are so many gentlemen doing?Of course, it is turning benevolence into use, that is, the gentleman uses the principles he has mastered to transform them into the daily use of ordinary people.

Turning benevolence into usefulness can be on the moral level, teaching the common people to be polite and law-abiding, to respect the old and love the young.It can also be inventions and water conservancy projects. With the "Book of Changes" as an endorsement, miscellaneous learning in the future will also be a great way, not a side-track.

"The common people's daily use is the Tao", this is epistemology.

"Seeking benevolence through fate" is the methodology.

"Turning benevolence into usefulness" is the theory of practice.

Zhu Ming continued: "My father advocates agriculture. Isn't agriculture the biggest daily use of the people? My father often said that farming also includes the Dao of heaven and earth. For example, flowers are divided into female flowers and male flowers. Fruit, this is also the way of the harmony of yin and yang. Knowing this principle from farming, this is "seeking benevolence with fate". How to "turn benevolence into use"? That is artificial pollination. When the weather is bad, bees and butterflies When there are not many, human intercourse is used to promote the mating of male and female flowers. In this way, the harvest of food can be increased, and the benevolence can be turned into use.”

Chen Yuan was surprised: "Flowers are also divided into male and female?"

Zhu Ming imitated his father, bent down to pick up small stones, and drew pictures on the ground to explain.

Chen Yuan praised: "The "Book of Changes" is sincere and does not deceive me. It really is 'to show all benevolence and hide all uses'. This way of farming implies yin and yang, and it is hidden for daily use by the people without knowing it. We are destined Use seeking benevolence to understand the truth from these daily uses. Knowing the way of Yin and Yang in agriculture, and then 'turning benevolence into use', let the people grow more food!"

Ju Ming also said: "Mr. respects shipbuilding, and there is a way to do this shipbuilding."

"What's the way?" Chen Yuan asked.

Ju Ming asked back: "Sir, do you know why the boat can float on the water?"

Chen Yuan said: "The heavy ones are below, and the light ones are above. Wood is lighter than water, so it can float on the water."

"No," Zhu Ming shook his head and said, "Take a huge rock and chisel it to make a boat. As long as the stone boat is big enough, it can float on the water."

Chen Yuan said with a smile: "This is a joke, the stone boat is heavy, how can it float?"

"Stone boats are not easy to dig, so is it possible to replace them with copper boats?" Zhu Ming asked.

Chen Yuan said: "Yes, copper is heavier than stone."

Zhu Ming asked again: "Do you have a copper basin at home?"

"Yes..." Chen Yuan suddenly came to his senses, "The copper plate is the copper boat, which can float on the water! Is this the reason?"

Zhu Ming said with a smile: "This is the daily use of people without knowing it. Things are captured in water, and there is a way in it. Ships built with this way can pass the rivers and seas to benefit the world. But people in the world only know its use. But ignored it."

Chen Yuan lowered his head and thought hard. He was already convinced that objects floating in water did imply the Dao, but how could he understand the truth?
Zhu Ming said: "This is to learn from things!"

Chen Yuan hurriedly asked: "How to check it?"

Zhu Ming asked: "The copper ingot sinks on the bottom of the water, and the copper basin floats on the water surface. What is the difference between the two?"

Chen Yuan replied: "The shape of copper is different."

"Of course," Zhu Ming said, "can it be concluded that the same object with the same weight can float more when its shape is opened?"

Chen Yuan clapped his hands and praised: "It should be so reasonable."

Ju Ming asked again: "How much should it be unfolded, so that it can just float on the water?"

Chen Yuan was taken aback, yes, how far can an object float?

Zhu Ming said: "This requires arithmetic."

"Arithmetic?" Chen Yuan asked, "Can it be calculated accurately?"

Zhu Ming asked, "Sir, have you ever heard of Cao Chong calling an elephant?"

"Of course I have." Chen Yuan said.

Zhu Ming said: "Cao Chong called an elephant, replaced it with a stone, and engraved water as a record. When the boat sank to the same depth, the weight of the stone and the elephant would be the same. Can it be concluded that the ability of objects to float in water is not only related to the size of the unfolded, but also to the size of the elephant? Is it also related to its own weight?"

"Of course." Chen Yuan nodded.

Zhu Ming said: "You can pour a few liters of water into a large bucket, put in copper ingots, calculate how much the water has risen, and then calculate the size of the copper ingots. You can also use the same size copper ingots and water to calculate their respective weights... ...The size and weight of things are also the principles of things. By calculating and summarizing the relationship among them, one can get the way for things to float in water, and this is also the way to know things.”

When Zhu Ming explained the problem of buoyancy to Chen Yuan, there were already more than ten people standing beside him.

A teacher and twelve students are a little confused at the moment.

Isn't it to discuss the world's great way? Why do you pull these things out again?

(End of this chapter)