Guide to Traveling through the Northern Song Dynasty.

Chapter 147 0142 [Three Cardinal Principles and Five Constant Principles]

Hou Xuan is the third son of Hou Meng. He is 26 years old and is currently studying in the Imperial College.

The appearance is quite similar to his father, it is a bit scary when it comes out during the day, and it can scare ghosts when it comes out at night.

Before the imperial examination system in the Song Dynasty, there were also requirements for appearance.If you are too ugly, or have a disability, no matter how good the exam is, get out as soon as possible.

"Go and see what they are talking about, and then see what kind of person Zhu Chenggong is," Hou Meng got Song Huizong's order, and went home and told his son, "Don't make friends with him, this person offended the Cai party, and was arrested by the officials. Take it seriously, most likely you will be besieged by traitors in the future.”

Hou Xuan said: "Why should father be discouraged? Cai Jing has made enemies on all sides, and sooner or later he will lose power."

Hou Meng shook his head and said: "Officials like to play chess. I am a chess piece, and Zhu Chenggong is also a chess piece. I am just a pawn, but Cai Jing is a chariot. At the critical moment, he will abandon the pawn and save the chariot. At most, within a year or two, for The father must be relegated, so why involve young people? If we don’t have a deep friendship with Zhu Chenggong, he can stay in the capital for a few more years.”

At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, there were already chess, called Xiangxi, Xianggexi, and even Sanxiang opera with three players playing against each other, and Guangxiang opera with seven players playing against each other.

Soldiers, you can walk diagonally...

Hou Xuan took the treasured sword, took a follower and went out.

His personality is similar to that of his father when he was young, he likes to make friends with heroes, and spends a lot of money.

The deputy prime minister, Hou Meng, had been a knight-errant for several years before he was admitted as a Jinshi, and was often laughed at because of his ugly appearance.

One spring, at a gathering of scholars, someone painted Hou Meng's face on a kite and flew it into the sky.

Faced with such teasing, Hou Meng wrote a poem on the spot: "Who will believe it if you haven't met Xingzang? Now Fang Biao is famous. There is no reason for a good craftsman to describe it. When the wind is light, take advantage of it and fly into the sky in one fell swoop. Only then can we boast that the body is getting stable, only Suspected to go to Toad Palace. When the rain is over, the sunset is red. A few people are on the ground, look at me in the blue sky!"

All the scholars were ashamed and admired, and dared not make fun of Hou Meng's appearance.

With his father's mission, Hou Xuan rode to the bank of Caihe River, and after a little inquiring, he knew where Ju Ming was.

There were many scholars and ordinary people on the scene, not only candidates for the exam, but even students from the Imperial College and the Imperial Academy quietly came.

"Who is Zhu Chenggong?" Hou Xuan asked.

The scholar next to him said: "The person who is lecturing at the moment is Zhu Chenggong. Mr. Mo An talked for an hour, and went to drink water and rest."

Hou Xuan asked his entourage to wait with the horses, and continued to squeeze in.

However, some people questioned: "Brother Cheng always regards 'I' as the foundation, what is the rule? 'I' can be a wife, the wife is the foundation and the husband does not exist. The 'I' can be the son, the son is the foundation and the father is absent." I 'It can be a minister, where should the ruler be based on the minister?"

Zhu Ming said: "This brother is talking about the three cardinal principles. But the three cardinal principles cannot be discussed alone. They must be discussed together. The rope you hold in your hand. If you only focus on that rope everywhere, the rope is crooked, the rope is broken, no matter how good the fishing net is, can you catch fish?"

"Please explain in detail," said the questioner.

Zhu Ming said: "Ban Gu was the first to advocate the Three Cardinal Guidelines and the Six Disciplines, but at the same time he also said that everyone has the nature of the Five Constant Principles. When discussing the meaning of the Three Cardinal Guidelines, he also said that the ruler is grouped together, and the group's subordinates return to their hearts. Laws teach children. Husbands support them, and they use Tao to support them."

"If you are a king, if you don't have subordinates, will your subjects return their hearts? If you are a father, if you don't follow the rules, should your children obey them? If you are a husband, if you don't support your wife, should your wife obey? No!"

"The Three Cardinal Guidelines and the Five Constant Principles are talking about the mutual observance of morality between the ruler and his subjects, father and son, husband and wife, elders and children, and friends. It does not mean that the ruler is the leader of the ministers, and the ministers must be foolish and loyal to their ruler; nor is it that the father is the leader of the son. , the son should be foolish and filial to his father; not to mention that the husband is the guide for the wife, and the wife should follow her husband blindly."

"Let me ask your Excellency, there is a husband and wife. The wife is virtuous and virtuous, without any mistakes. The husband eats, drinks, whores and gambles, ruins his family property, and beats and scolds his wife frequently. Husband, Fuya, such a husband has supported his wife Should the wife obey him?"

The man shook his head and said, "It shouldn't be."

Zhu Ming said: "Women have women's virtues, and husbands also have husbands' virtues. If a husband does not abide by his virtues, his discipline will be broken. Husbands should not talk about their wife's principles. The wives should persuade them. , get divorced and marry a good husband!"

"Mr. Xiao speaks well!"

But it was an aunt who yelled at the top of her voice. She still had a basket on her arm, and she probably came here for shopping.

Many women who listened to the speech at the scene felt that what Ju Ming said made sense.

Ban Gu, who first advocated the Three Cardinal Guidelines and Six Disciplines, used the Five Constant Principles to explain the Three Cardinal Guidelines separately.

Later, Zhu Xi combined the three cardinal guides and the five constant principles, and explained it clearly.The responsibilities of monarchs and ministers, father and son, and husband and wife are two-way coordination, and one cannot just talk about power without obligations.

However, people in the world only talk about the three cardinal principles, deliberately ignore or even misinterpret the five constant principles, and only emphasize the relationship between superior and inferior, but do not talk about the responsibilities of being a king, a father, and a husband.

Zhu Ming then said to those young scholars: "Ban Gu said that fathers behave well and teach their sons according to laws. Fathers have no rules and don't follow laws themselves. What they say is the truth. Should sons listen to it?"

Young people are more or less rebellious, and they feel the same for Ju Ming's words.

But they didn't dare to shout out directly, so a burst of laughter broke out at the scene, expressing their approval with laughter.

The emperor has no courtiers, what should the courtiers do?
Ju Ming didn't say this sentence, anyway, the truth is there.

Ju Ming continued: "The theory of 'I am the foundation' and 'square rules' is to use my own body as a ruler to draw the family, country and world more squarely. If a husband loses his guideline, he should return to the right way. If a father loses his guideline, he should be correct. Reminder. If you miss the key point, you should persuade me."

Another person asked: "If the husband loses his bond, the wife can divorce and remarry. If the father loses his bond, can he still recognize a father again?"

"Hahahaha!"

Everyone laughed.

Ju Ming said sternly: "Father has missed his principles. If you can't persuade him to correct it, as a son, you should check and fill in the gaps for your father at that time. But if this father brings disaster to the country and the people, the son should draw a clear line and even sever the relationship between father and son. Otherwise If that is the case, is it still necessary to help the tyrant to abuse the tyrant and work as a minion for the tiger?"

Immediately someone objected: "How can you explain it by stealing the burden and fleeing?" (Mencius said, if Gao Yao were the judge, Shun's father would commit murder and violated the law. Shun should let the judge arrest him first, which is justice. It is filial piety to let his father run away. At the same time, Shun must also give up the throne.)
Zhu Ming replied: "Severing relatives with righteousness is what it means!" ("Zuo Zhuan" records that Shi Que's son conspired against him, and Shi Que lures his son to death, which is called killing relatives with righteousness.)
"Where are the relatives and relatives hiding?" Someone asked again.

Zhu Ming said: "Confucianism emphasizes benevolence and righteousness, and righteousness comes first. Relatives can hide from each other, but they must conform to righteousness. The allusion of stealing a burden and fleeing is not to let Shun carry his father on his back and flee. It is to order Gao Tao to arrest Shun's father first." , Shun still had to give up his throne, so that he could be filial. If Shun didn’t give up his throne and let Gao Yao arrest people, then Shun would have lost his righteousness, and this is stupid filial piety without righteousness.”

This explanation is convincing enough.

After listening for a while, Hou Xuan couldn't help clapping and applauding, and solved his doubts about Zhongxiao.

Between father and son, relatives can be killed righteously.

So between the monarch and his ministers, can the monarch be killed righteously?

Of course Zhu Ming didn’t dare to say it, and there’s no need to say it, because Mencius has already given the answer—to kill a man, Zhou, but not to kill a king.

A single husband can be punished, but not regicide!

After Zhu Ming talked for a while, he went to set up a stall to sell goods, and Chen Yuan came to give lectures.

Chen Yuan's style is different, he is not as radical as Zhu Ming, and he tells all kinds of reasons, which makes people feel like a spring breeze.

Hou Xuan came from Shandong. From the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, Shandong scholars were called "confucianism".They seldom go to Jinshi examinations, but frantically scroll Mingjing and memorize Confucian classics by rote.Li Bai even wrote a poem specifically, saying that scholars in Shandong can only teach scriptures, and they are all blinded by doing serious things, so go back to Shandong to farm.

Hou Xuan, a native of Shandong, doesn't belong to any faction. He's excited to hear it now, but he wants to join the "Taoyong faction".

As for his father's exhortations, he had already cast them aside.

Close the stall in the evening and return to the inn.

Many scholars also put away their stalls and dispersed with their small commodities.

There were fellow travelers, chatting excitedly around Chen Yuan and Zhu Ming.

In fact, Zhu Ming was also frantically supplementing knowledge. He read a lot of classics when he was in Yangzhou Academy, and he also asked Chen Yuan some key questions in Daming Village.

For example, today's talk about "great righteousness destroys relatives" was given by Chen Yuan. Zhu Ming only knows the idiom, but does not know its etymology.

"I'm Chen Dong, whose name is Shaoyang. I've met Mr. Mo'an and Brother Chenggong!" A student from the imperial court rushed over and bowed to them.

Chen Yuan returned the salute with a smile, but when Zhu Ming returned the salute, he couldn't help but look at him more.

The Tai student in front of me led the first student movement in Chinese history, and the concept of "Six Thieves" also came from Chen Dong.

Unfortunately, because he prevented Zhao Gou from going to Jinling and asked Zhao Gou to return to Kaifeng, he was ordered to be killed by Zhao Jiu.

Chen Dong asked: "Can the two of you give a speech just for Tai students? There are too many people on both sides of the Cai River, and it is often impossible to squeeze in, and they can't hear clearly."

Chen Yuan expressed regret: "Tai Xue does not allow outsiders to preach."

Chen Dong said: "But speaking outside the city, if I bring the Tai students there, there will be at least a few hundred people."

"Yes." Chen Yuan nodded.

Hou Xuan also reported his name in the past, but the gate of the city is about to be closed, and Ju Ming lives outside the city, so he can only come to communicate again the next day.

He rode back home and said excitedly, "Father, Mr. Chen is a true Confucian, and Zhu Chenggong also knows the scriptures. Both of them are the pillars of the country."

"I know." Hou Meng's tone was flat.

He was completely disappointed with the current situation, and only wanted to protect himself and do some small things by the way.The Shandong Ranger in his boyhood had long gone and never returned, leaving only a dull spirit.

Liu Kui fell, Zhang Shangying fell, and it was his turn to be next.

Song Huizong's personality was changeable, and he always thought of it.Under the frantic slander of the traitor party, Hou Meng can last at most a year or two.

It is true to use him to check and balance Cai Jing, but there are too many such candidates, which are consumables in the eyes of Song Huizong.

Only Cai Jing is indispensable. Who will make him proficient in making money?
(End of this chapter)