Guide to Traveling through the Northern Song Dynasty.

Chapter 260 0255 [Second Base Jintan Village]

"Cut down this small piece of bamboo forest, and dig a pond on the ground below."

"Build a few bamboo houses over there."

"The land by the river is compacted, and I will make water quilts to pound bamboo."

"Dig the retting pool there..."

The management staff of Daming Village hadn't come yet, and Zhu Guoxiang personally directed the construction for the time being.

Mature bamboo paper manufacturing technology has dozens of processes and hundreds of procedures.

And Zhu Guoxiang has two sets of bamboo paper technology in his hands, one is from the papermaking method of the late Northern Song Dynasty provided by Fujian officials, and the other is from the papermaking method of "Tiangong Kaiwu" written silently by his son.

The former is extremely immature, while the latter is only approximate.

Comparing the two, we can see that the bamboo paper in the Northern Song Dynasty was made of raw materials, the technique was extremely rough, and it could not be bleached naturally.In the Ming Dynasty, clinker pulp was used and naturally bleached, which increased the fiber toughness, improved the quality of bamboo paper, and made bamboo paper more beautiful.

But even for the mature technology of the Ming Dynasty, the details are different due to different places of production.According to different papermaking techniques and different bamboo materials, the bamboo paper produced can be divided into five categories: Lianshi paper, Gongchuan paper, raw edge paper, buckle paper, and core paper.

However, "Tiangong Kaiwu" only has a general process, and does not talk about too many details, so Zhu Guoxiang needs to explore by himself.

Zhu Guoxiang's advantage is that he can use text descriptions to figure out the role of each process.For example, adding lime water and plant ash is to use their chemical properties.The ancients knew what it was, but they didn't know why, so they could only keep observing, groping and summarizing.

Zhu Guoxiang already had an improvement method before he started formal papermaking.

For example, "Tiangong Kaiwu" said that before making clinker pulp, bamboo needs to be soaked for more than 100 days to finish.Zhu Guoxiang felt that he didn't have to wait so long, he could use lime to quickly complete the greening by laying a layer of lime, then a layer of bamboo, and then pouring water into it. (This method was not adopted until the Qing Dynasty.)
If the quick greening method is used, the immersion pool will have to be well constructed to facilitate irrigation and drainage at any time, and the amount of sewage discharge will be greatly increased.

Zhu Guoxiang also thought of a way to make high-grade bamboo paper.

That is, starch water is added to the slurry to increase the suspension degree of the fiber, so that the paper texture is more uniform, and the starch particles can also stay in the fiber gap as a filler.This is not recorded in "Tiangong Kaiwu", and it did not even exist in the south of the Ming Dynasty, but appeared in the Hanzhong area of ​​the Qing Dynasty.

Starch water does not need to be specially made, you can set up a vermicelli workshop, you can also make rice noodles, and you can also make sweet potato noodles.Using the leftovers from making vermicelli, adding pulp after filtering, is equal to waste utilization.

Agronomy is also a science subject. Zhu Guoxiang is a science student. He doesn't understand advanced chemistry knowledge, but these basic ones are not difficult.

On the contrary, Ju Ming, who studies history, had a hard time thinking of it.

In the open area of ​​the upper reaches of the valley, there is a small natural lake, which used to be used for panning for gold, so it was called "Golden Pool".The whole valley is called "Jintan Valley", and the mountains next to the lake are called "Jintan Ridge".

Now, the village in the valley is named Jintan Village by Zhu Guoxiang, and its population is only one-fifth of that of Daming Village.

Except for some who were busy with farming, the rest of the villagers came to help build the paper mill.Young adults who do heavy physical work are paid 30 Wen a day; old and weak women and children help with chores and earn 15 Wen a day.In the middle of the morning and half of the afternoon, two free meals are also provided.

The salary is not high, but the villagers are very happy, and they give money and food, which has never been such a good thing before.

There were also several women and children who were sent to find plants.

There are several kinds of hollyhock, kiwi vine, etc. You can find any one, which is a necessary "paper medicine" when making paper.There are substitutes everywhere, kneading and mashing into a viscous liquid, which can make the slurry float evenly and avoid sticking when separating paper.

In those papermaking workshops in ancient times, any technology can be passed on to the outside world, but "paper medicine" is an exclusive secret recipe.

Zhu Guoxiang didn't know much about it, he only learned about the raw materials, and had to slowly explore the details.

Anyway, there is plenty of time, and the normal production of bamboo paper has to wait until the turn of spring and summer, when the young bamboo is cut down for finishing.Zhu Guoxiang prepares to cut old bamboo in autumn and winter, so that workers can familiarize themselves with the process in advance and use old bamboo to practice their skills.If the quality of the paper produced is too low, it can be used to wipe your ass.

Anyway, no matter what, it is better than the quality of Northern Song Dynasty bamboo paper.

Bamboo paper in the Northern Song Dynasty, like straw paper, was mostly made of fire paper, which was used to burn paper money for the dead.Wiping your butt is too bad, and it will break if you poke your finger.

The paper mill was almost built, and Zhu Guoxiang went to visit Min Wenwei again.

"Zhu Xianggong wants to make paper?" Min Wenwei asked in surprise.

Zhu Guoxiang smiled and said, "I won't compete with the Min family for business. I only make bamboo paper, not leather or rattan paper."

Min Wenwei was instantly relieved, and pretended to remind: "The bamboo paper is unusable, it is easy to soak in ink, and it is easy to break."

Zhu Guoxiang said: "I also know about this matter, maybe we can improve the craftsmanship. It's just that there are a few paper scoopers, can you borrow a few from Min's paper workshop?"

Most of the complete papermaking process can be used by novices, but paper scoopers must be skilled.

Min Wenwei asked, "How much?"

"Five, only borrowed for one year." Zhu Guoxiang said.

"Paper making can benefit education, but five paper scoopers are nothing." Min Wenwei readily agreed.

Only five paper makers are borrowed for one year, and of course they are allowed to take apprentices.Give them more wages, and they can teach them all. Anyway, they will not be in the same workshop in the future, so they are not afraid of teaching the apprentices to starve to death.

……

Wen Luan and his younger sister came to visit the construction site and asked doubts: "I know that bamboo paper can be used, but can it really be mass-produced?"

"It should be possible." Zhu Guoxiang said.

Of course, the Northern Song Dynasty had bamboo paper for writing. For example, Mi Fu's "Coral Paste" was written on bamboo paper.However, due to the immature craftsmanship, the materials used are very harsh, and many bamboo tendons can be seen on the paper, the quality is too low and cannot be mass-produced.

Wen Xiaomei said: "If you can make bamboo paper into skin paper, you will be respected by scholars all over the world."

"It will take decades for it to spread." Zhu Guoxiang laughed.

Ju Ming improved the printing technique in Tokyo. Today, the new ink has spread, and the spread is very fast.

But the movable lead type still stays in Tokyo, and has not even spread to Luoyang.The initial investment in this thing is too large, only a few merchants are willing to try it, and it takes a long time to make a set of movable type.

However, the official is very powerful.

With Cai Jing as the leader, Wang Anshi's works were re-edited, using punctuation marks to segment sentences, and several volumes have been printed in batches.

This is occupying the commanding heights. Cai Jing uses the right to interpret Wang Anshi's works to consolidate his position as the leader of the new law.

Next, Cai Jing will compile classics such as "The Analects of Confucius" and "Mencius".Completely follow Wang Anshi's understanding, punctuate these Confucian classics, and then control the interpretation power of all Confucian classics.

Luoyang was closely watched, and Jiangnan scholars did not dare to make mistakes.

However, there are already great Confucian scholars starting from remote places.They secretly cooperated to cut sentences from Confucian classics, and then went to Sichuan and Fujian to make movable type, which is expected to be printed next year.This kind of behavior is illegal, because it conflicts with the new learning sentence, so it can only be done quietly in the local area.

Once reported, it is likely to implicate many people.The bookseller responsible for printing is at least charged with exile!
Anyway, it’s so nonsense that even Ju Ming didn’t expect that his improved movable type printing technique was actually speeding up the spread through party struggles.

And in the next few decades, academic disputes will intensify.

In the past, there was no punctuation, and the Confucian classics all looked the same.With punctuation and sentence segmentation, different schools of thought have to use their brains, and they will all say that there is something wrong with the book the other party read.

"Sir, we are here!"

Several villagers from Daming Village dragged their families to Jintan Village.

Zhu Guoxiang nodded and said: "It came very quickly. I have designated Jintan Village as Baojia, and selected four Baochang from among the local villagers. Tian San came to be the village head, and usually resolved villagers' disputes, but don't be too strict. , After all, you are here outside, so listen to the opinions of several security chiefs."

"Yes, I wrote it down." Tian San said hurriedly.

Zhu Guoxiang continued to make arrangements: "Yu Kan will act as a scribe, manage the money and food account books, and set up a village school by the way to teach the children in the village to read."

"Yes!"

Yu Kan was recruited into Daming Village by Meng Zhao, and has always been Meng Zhao's deputy, and now he is finally able to take charge of it alone.

Zhu Guoxiang added: "Liu Shidao manages the paper mill."

Liu Shidao is Liu Shiren's elder brother, and now Liu Shiren is working as a secretary by Ju Ming's side.The Liu family is the family with the most literacy in Daming Village, so of course they have to use it well. If the Zhu family and his son can grow bigger in the future, the Liu family will definitely prosper.

Zhu Guoxiang said: "Deng Xia, you are in charge of training the village braves of Jintan Village. There is not a large population here, just train two Mandarin Duck teams, and they are relatively busy, so don't compare the training time with Daming Village. Wait for Zhang Guangdao to get some people over. , and slowly increase the number of village warriors."

"I listened to my husband!" Deng Xia was extremely excited.

After the disaster was over, Hanzhong gradually recovered, and a small number of victims fled into the mountains to become bandits.

The land of Hedong in Shaanxi is full of thieves.

It's too miserable there, fighting with Xixia for several years, the common people are already in trouble.This year there was a drought first, then a flood, and then a series of major earthquakes, which made many people unable to survive.

Even if the imperial court frantically recruited young and strong troops to make up for the loss of troops in the battle against Xixia.But there are always some young and strong who were not recruited, and there were also young and strong who became the Xiang army, but they could not bear the oppression and fled.They plundered places in groups of three or five, and many fled into the mountains.

Zhang Guangdao's smuggling trip can bring back at least a hundred refugees from Shaanxi.

It's not that we can't bring back more, but that the food can't last, and we have to slowly resettle them!

Hebei is really in chaos. The Yellow River burst, and millions of people were affected.A large number of people died, and those who did not die also lost their livelihoods. The government had no way of controlling it, and could only watch bandits wreaking havoc everywhere.

Let me tell you some common knowledge, the heroes of Liangshan grew up in Hebei...

Most of the leaders of the Song Jiang gang, no matter where their hometowns are, were first bandits in Hebei.Song Jiang has already started to make small troubles. His initial entrepreneurial environment was Hebei after the flood of the Yellow River, and he met his entrepreneurial partners by committing crimes.

There is a giant bandit named Liu Wu in Anhui. He started looting the area last year, and it has not been calmed down yet. The imperial court is mobilizing troops to suppress it.

There are also a large number of refugees from Hebei who gathered in the Taihang Mountain area as bandits.

There is Liu Huasan in southern Gansu, who is still playing tricks.In two years, it will become a big trouble, and its activity area will be in the border area of ​​Jiangxi, Guangdong, and Fujian in later generations, which belongs to the old revolutionary base area.

Historically, the imperial court mobilized several armies, and the encirclement and suppression took two or three years before it was finally put down, and the time of destruction was later than Fang La.The imperial court issued a reward of [-] guan, plus the status of a seventh-rank military officer, just to catch this Liu Huasan.

The barbarians in Sichuan are about to rebel again.

(End of this chapter)