Guide to Traveling through the Northern Song Dynasty.

Chapter 317 0312 [Water-based physics should be taught]

"Don't make any noise!"

Ju Ming glanced at the students, then looked at Lu Wei, and asked, "If you compare human nature with the nature of water, what is the nature of water?"

Lu Wei said: "The nature of water will fall."

"Water flows to a lower place, is it really watery?" Ju Ming asked, "After boiling, the water vapor rises, why not go to a lower place?"

Lu Wei said: "The rise of water vapor is caused by heat. It is like splashing water upwards, and the force is upward, but it will eventually fall. When the water vapor is cold, it will also fall."

Zhu Ming asked again: "Mercury also flows to low places, and molten iron also flows to low places. Since the nature of water is used to compare human nature, why can't mercury and molten iron be compared to human beings?"

Lu Wei said: "Mercury and molten iron also have the word "water". It can be imagined that the two flow to low places, which is also caused by their water nature."

"What about oil?" Zhu Ming asked, "Oil and water are incompatible, so it can also be water-based, right?"

"Um……"

Lu Wei was at a loss for words and didn't know how to respond.

Zhu Ming chased after him fiercely: "The oily thing will come down, why can't the oily nature be compared to human nature?"

Lu Wei began to think seriously.

Zhu Ming also said: "This paragraph of "Mencius" is self-contradictory with the next paragraph. Mencius said that white feathers and white snow are both white, and white dogs and white cattle are also white. But the nature of a white dog cannot be said to be white. The nature of a cow. The nature of a white cow cannot be said to be the nature of a white man. What Mencius said is nothing more than the inability to use commonness as individuality. That being the case, why did Mencius compare the nature of water to human nature?"

Not only Lu Wei was confused, but the students in the classroom were also confused.

Because of the context of Mencius, he is slapping himself in the face.This is difficult to be discovered, and it is a common tactic in debates to bring the topic into one's default position.

Ju Ming smiled: "White dogs, white cows, and white people are all white, and they have this in common. But dogs eat shit, cows eat grass, and humans eat grain. Of course they are different. Mencius said that the goodness of human nature is like water. But human nature It is human nature, and water is water, how can it be compared?"

"Mencius' original intention was to refute Gaozi. Because Gaozi compared the nature of water to human nature, Mencius refuted it that way."

"If Gaozi used oil as an example instead of water, Mencius would definitely say that the goodness of human nature is as good as oil when he refuted it."

"When you are studying, you should not focus on just a few words. You should understand why Mencius said that. Instead of applying Mencius' words, they are universal. It is right here, but it is wrong to spread it everywhere."

Lu Wei no longer dared to speak nonsense, but asked, "Do you agree with Gao Zi's words?"

"Why do I agree with Gaozi? What Gaozi said is full of loopholes, so Mencius refuted it so hard," Zhu Ming said with a smile. The whiteness of a white dog and a white horse is just an appearance."

"People eat delicious food to fill their stomachs. If they don't eat, they will starve. People are lustful for reproduction. How can they have offspring if they are not lustful?"

"Satiation and reproduction are sex. Food and sex are just emotion."

"Sexual Tai Chi, emotional yin and yang. Satisfaction and reproduction, just like Tai Chi, does not distinguish between yin and yang, good or bad. Eating, drinking, marrying a wife and having children, human nature is also natural. Every meal must be extravagant and wasteful. See A beautiful woman insists on marrying back home, even coveting other people's beautiful wives and concubines, this is evil and human desire."

Lu Wei was thinking hard, but he didn't know how to answer the words, because Mencius himself didn't understand clearly.

Zhu Ming said to the students: "Confucius only said that people are similar in nature and distant from each other. He didn't talk about the good and evil of human nature. Xunzi said that nature is evil, and Mencius said that nature is good. They are actually the same. Xunzi's original intention is to eliminate evil, and Mencius' original intention is to seek goodness. Different routes lead to the same goal. That’s all. A few years ago, I wrote a piece about the beginning of the Mongolian people. Their natures are good, their natures are similar, and their habits are far away. This is to guide children to be kind, but it is difficult to explain clearly human nature if you really want to study.”

Lu Wei is still silently reciting the entire "Mencius Gaozi", trying to find out the exact evidence of the theory of good nature.

But Zhu Ming stood up: "Today, I'm going to talk about why the nature of water is so low. Has anyone read "Physics"? Please raise your hand."

In an instant, more than ten people raised their hands.

"Very good," Zhu Ming nodded approvingly, "It's not water-based, but everything is like that. Even birds will fall when they don't flap their wings. The earth is like a magnet, attracting everything, and it can be called universal gravitation. Therefore, it is not The nature of water is the common nature of all things. If one day, the earth no longer attracts all things, then the common nature will disappear."

"Water, oil, mercury, molten iron, molten gold... These objects that can flow, let's call them liquids. They flow down because of universal gravitation. Their commonality is not that they just fall, but they can flow."

"Water is heated and transpired into water vapor, and water is condensed into solid ice. We can make a bold guess whether there are three states of everything? Ice is solid, water is liquid, and water vapor is gaseous."

"Boldly speculate, but be careful to verify. Iron is solid, and it can be heated to liquid molten iron. Will it evaporate into iron vapor after reheating? Unfortunately, with the existing smelting furnace, the temperature is not so high. And mercury will also boil. , will also turn into mercury vapor. So if the mercury is cooled enough, can it turn into solid mercury?"

"In any case, we can know that water has three states. Iron already has solid and liquid states, while mercury has liquid and gas states..."

Lu Wei has been completely confused, isn't he talking about the good and the evil?How do you run to talk about these things?
Ju Ming is still continuing his lecture: "After talking a lot, we can draw the conclusion that water is not water-based. It is not even water-based, and it is impossible to compare it with human nature. Water flows down, which is the commonality of all kinds of liquids. What is the nature of water? It can be condensed into ice, and it can be transpired into water vapor. My father made a thermometer, and the temperature at which water condenses into ice is called the freezing point, and the temperature at which water boils into water vapor is called the boiling point..."

Lu Wei couldn't bear it anymore, and interrupted: "What's the use of your Excellency talking about this in the school?"

Zhu Ming said: "The people's daily use is the way. Isn't steaming steamed buns the same principle? Everyone knows how to steam steamed buns, but they don't know why. I, scholars, don't want to find out and analyze it. Reason? Let’s talk about water turning into ice. Are there few battles in which water was poured to build ice walls in ancient times? If a general on the front line goes to the battlefield with a thermometer and knows the freezing point of water, he will know when it is time to water and build a city!”

Lu Wei wanted to say something more, but didn't know where to start.

Zhu Ming said: "I lent you a few books. If you want to debate, you can read my books first. If there is something wrong, feel free to point it out!"

Lu Wei is not very gregarious, prefers to do things, and usually does not even have a correspondence friend, and knows little about what happened in the capital.

The content of the mansion report is very brief, if you don't know more about it, you won't be able to figure it out even if you read it.

For example, Zhu Ming, who manages Guizhou, will only write like this: Cheng Wulang, who knows the affairs of Hanyuan County, Zhu Ming, will be removed from his name, and he will be in charge of Guizhou.To discuss the affairs of the government in a false way.

What the hell happened and how did local officials know?

The person who recommended Lu Wei to be the envoy of Changping, Guangxi, is his fellow villager and has some kinship.He only reminded Lu Wei to take care of Zhu Ming when he came to Guizhou to prevent him from causing trouble, but he didn't explain the matter clearly at all.

Zhu Ming took out "Tao Yong Strategies", "University Chapters and Sentences" and "The Doctrine of the Mean Chapters and Sentences". Lu Wei knew that the first two books were clearly banned in the newspaper.

He could immediately report to the court that Zhu Ming was disseminating banned books in Guizhou.

But Lu Wei became more and more curious, what was written in the book?
Let the entourage leave with the book in their arms, and Lu Wei read "The Great Learning" while walking.He soon discovered that the annotations in this book were very good, and only a few places "distorted" the meaning of the scriptures, so it shouldn't be banned.

It took a few days to read a little of two of them, and I also read some of "Tao Yong Ce".

Although he disagreed with some content, he admired Zhu Ming even more, and at the same time sent someone to find out what Zhu Ming had done.

"Public Security" and "Song of Righteousness" were quickly available, and Lu Wei fell silent after watching them.

Wang Fu's bad deeds are mainly seen in the capital and southeast, and it has not yet spread nationwide.Even for Guangdong and Guangxi, Wang Fu was considered a good prime minister and abolished a lot of bad policies of Cai Jing.

So, is it true that Zhu Ming listed Wang Fu as the six thieves?Lu Wei felt a little confused.

In any case, he did not write a letter to the court to report, and he went to listen to Ju Ming's lectures whenever he was free.

By the way, the impeachment of Cai Yi, Shang Yongzhi and others was a vegetarian meal, and they spent all day traveling around the mountains and rivers without doing business.

In the Guizhou officialdom where the collective lay flat, Lu Wei was quickly isolated by his colleagues, but he had the most contact with Zhu Ming.

late spring.

Bai Sheng came from Yangzhou with a few letters from his family.

The content of Zhu Guoxiang's letter, in addition to introducing the three major bases, also roughly talked about the situation in Yangzhou and Jinzhou.Since the Fangla Uprising, the imperial court has increased taxes on various roads in the Chuanxia Gorge, and the people in Yangzhou and Jinzhou have become more and more miserable.

Although the new Jinzhou magistrates and general judges are not as crazy as Li Daochong to make money, they also wantonly collect exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous taxes for political achievements, and seek money to please the officials on Jingxi Road.

In the entire Hanzhong area, landlords and farmers were the most unlucky, and the collection of agricultural miscellaneous taxes became more and more severe.

Corn has been officially listed as one of the real taxes, and a large amount of corn and rice are shipped to Tokyo and Luoyang to lower the soaring food prices in Beijing and Beijing.

Also, since Zhu Ming was put under management, the new state and county officials were not so polite to Zhu Guoxiang.

Fortunately, Zhu Guoxiang himself is still an official, and the local prestige is extremely high, otherwise the three villages would definitely be taxed by Fangtian.Even so, the tax amount of the three villages has also increased, and the annual money and food that needs to be paid has increased by 40%.

The letters from Zhang Jinping and Zheng Yuanyi are to tell about the recent situation and remind Ju Ming to pay attention to his body.

Zhang Jinping was pregnant and found out on the way.The road to Shu was too rough and tiring, and I didn't care about my menstruation. When I walked to Lizhou City, I suddenly fainted. I asked a doctor for a diagnosis and found the happy pulse.Afterwards, after two full months of raising her baby in Lizhou City, her health improved before she continued on the road, and most of the time she switched to riding poles and boats.

Zhu Ming wrote back one by one, and asked his father to send someone to Tokyo to keep an eye on the court information.

(End of this chapter)