Guide to Traveling through the Northern Song Dynasty.
Chapter 319 0314 [Daming Township]
Chapter 319 0314 [Daming Township]
The population of Yangzhou has decreased severely, and it has reached the point where the new magistrate is alerted.
This is definitely not Zhu Guoxiang's business alone, but all the big landlords are contributing to the flames.
Before Cai Jing was dismissed as prime minister, he made another order of Fang Tian.
The big landlords colluded with the officials to make their own land less and less.
However, small landlords and self-cultivating farmers have inexplicably more paper land.They were forced to go bankrupt and flee, and the big landlords took the opportunity to annex the land and swallow the population as hidden tenants.
There are also many people who fled directly into the mountains.
Even Gong Xiu, who occupied the abandoned gold mine, kept accepting fleeing households. He owned several villages in the ravine, and the total population under his command was close to [-].
This kind of thing is very normal in the last years of the dynasty.
Even more outrageous, there are many people around, and Yangzhou can only be regarded as a minor disturbance.
But it is said that there is a subordinate named Du Gongcai who advises the eunuch Yang Jian to track down the land deeds of the common people.
The method is as follows: first determine a good field, and if no one claims it, it will be confiscated.If someone claims it, check the land deed.If A can take out the land deed, he will trace where he bought it from.Find out that the previous landlord was B, and ask B to name the previous landlord.From B to C, from C to D...
After checking and searching, there was always a landlord who could not prove the origin of the property.
As a result, the land property had to be confiscated, turning the landlord into a tenant leader, who had to pay extra land rent every year.
Landlords not only have to pay rent, but also have to pay normal taxes to the government!
He also determined the abandoned dikes, weirs, barren mountains, and deserted beaches as official land, and ordered the nearby people to farm, and how much rent they had to pay each year.
In this way, the rent of a state can be increased by more than [-] yuan out of thin air.
Du Gongcai presented such a good strategy, and Yang Jian appreciated it, and was directly promoted to be an observer.
Yang Jian died of illness this year, and the eunuch Li Yan succeeded him.
Li Yan intensified his efforts, institutionalized Yang Jian's practice, set up a special organization "Xicheng Institute", and promoted it to Jingdong, Jingxi, Huaixi, and Huaibei.
And I don't even bother to pretend, whenever I encounter good land and the background of the landlord is not strong, I will refer to the good land as wasteland and confiscate it, and I will no longer trace who the previous landlords are.
Anyone who dares to appeal will be beaten to death at every turn.
Li Yan also learned from Zhu Yu and ordered the people in Jingdong and Jingxi to pay tribute, but he did not use the broken name of Hua Shigang.
The result is that "the fields cannot be farmed, the cattle cannot be plowed, and the money is exhausted, starving to death, or hanging in the yoke."
If a good official is unwilling to cooperate, he will be dismissed immediately.
For example, Fan Liao was under the jurisdiction of Yingchang Bingma Qian, who couldn't bear to harm the people, and failed to pay the tribute in full, so he was framed by Li Yan and sent to prison, dismissed from office and dismissed from office.
Of course Li Yan didn't have such great energy, but he took refuge in Prime Minister Wang Fu.
Wang Fu lacked Cai Jing's means of managing money, and when the national treasury was empty, he could only rely on Li Yan's crooked ways to generate income.
Cao Zao is quite conscientious. He thinks that as long as Yintian is cleaned up, the government can pay taxes normally.With sufficient tax sources, Wang Fu does not need to engage in crooked ways.
Zhu Guoxiang in Yangzhou is a typical example of a population hiding land.As long as Zhu Guoxiang is punished, he can shake the mountain and make other big landlords pay taxes honestly!
"The north bank is Shangbai Village and Xiabai Village."
"On the other side of Baishitou, there used to be a small population. Zhu Xianggong took in escaped households, reclaimed wasteland in Dayu Bay, and turned the hillside around Dayu Bay into a tea garden. Those new tea trees have been planted for more than three years, and they will start this year. Picking tea. There is a small river flowing out of the mountain in Dayu Bay, and the area along the river is full of wasteland and farming.”
Cao Zao hired a citizen from Xixiang County as a guide, and as long as enough money was given, someone would be willing to lead the way.
The area referred to at this moment is not the core of Daming Village at all.
It was the place where Zhang Guangdao took them to cross the river when Zhu's father and son crossed the river, which was at the ferry on the other side of Baishitou.
In the past, there were only thirty or forty families, but in the past few years, escaped households have been continuously absorbed, and the population has skyrocketed to more than five hundred.Moreover, a new tea mountain has been opened up, which is the third tea mountain in Daming Village, and many tung oil trees have been planted in the upper reaches of the small river.
"Where is...the dock?" Cao Zao was a little uncertain.
The guide said: "It's a boat-building workshop. You can build some small boats... Hey, the workshop has become much bigger than when I came last time."
Dayu Bay is a natural port. There is a small river flowing into the Han River. The widest part of the river bend is nearly 200 meters.
There are cliffs on the west side, and it is impossible to cultivate. The people live on the east and south sides.
The shipyard is also in the south. In the past two years, they have been building small boats to practice their hands. This year, they began to build "big boats" over ten meters. They also invited an experienced shipbuilder from Xingyuan Mansion.
Continuing to the east from Dayu Bay, there is a "no man's land" of two or three miles. The mountains are too steep to live and cultivate.
When the terrain slowed down a bit, many houses appeared again, but they still did not reach the core area of Daming Village.
After continuing to sail for three or four miles, Cao Zao's eyes widened suddenly.
So what is a village?
Obviously it is a town!
There are four two-story buildings, and more than a dozen merchant ships are docked at the pier.
Still far away, there was a strong smell of distiller's grains.
The guide said: "There is shochu in Daming Village, which is clear and translucent. Gentlemen and merchants don't like it much, but poor people love it. After a hard day's work, buying a few liang of shochu home can relieve the fatigue of the whole day. Shochu is strong. , like cutting a throat with a knife, and the common people call it a burning knife. They are sold in the three counties of Yangzhou, and merchants transport them to Xingyuan Mansion."
The baijiu in Daming Village is made from corn and sweet potatoes, and the leftover distiller's grains are used to feed pigs.
The brewing process has been kept secret for two years, but it was leaked out after all. Some people in Xixiang County have already tried to imitate it.
Cao Zao did not land, and continued down the Han River.
From Dayu Bay to the place where Zhu's father and son first saw the Han River, it stretched for fourteen miles, all of which belonged to Daming Village.
Can this still be called a village?
Although there are many mountains along the coast, the arable land is relatively narrow, and most of the places do not even have paddy fields.But food can also be grown in mountainous areas. In really steep places, tea trees and tung oil trees can also be planted.
"How many people are there?" Cao Zao pointed to Xiaohe.
The guide shook his head: "I don't know, I haven't been in before."
Following this small river into the mountain is the place where Zhu's father and son crossed. The BMW is still lying on the mountain.
Cao Zao asked the boatmen to paddle into the mountains, feeling that the land here should be reclaimed not long ago, and the crops are not growing well, probably because the land has not yet matured.
There was nothing to investigate, so I sailed back to the central pier of Daming Village.
"Where does this river lead to?" Cao Zao asked.
The guide said: "To the former Black Wind Village."
The further upstream of Heifeng Village is also continuing to dig deeper. In order to ensure the safety of the villagers, they even organized the villagers to kill a tiger.
The current Daming Village is no longer in the shape of a "T", but an inverted "Ш".
One horizontal represents the Han River, and three vertical represents three small rivers.The villagers live along the river, and the rest of the place is full of mountains.
There are more than 5000 villagers, hundreds of them are refugees from Shaanxi when Zhang Guangdao smuggled them.
The officials of Xixiang County had long designated this large area as Daming Township, but they were still used to calling it Daming Village.
Cao Zao went ashore by boat, and cargo was being moved at the pier.
The most conspicuous thing was the inn. There were more than ten people drinking tea in the lobby, and they seemed to be merchants and their attendants.
A street market has been formed here, with a three-meter-wide stone road, and there are some shops on both sides of the road.
Many shops are not open, and even if they are open, there are not many customers, because today is not a day for going to the market.
There are also several warehouses built, all of which are owned by village cadres (Zhu Guoxiang has an absolute controlling stake, and the others are minority shareholders).
For example, dry goods warehouses purchase dry goods such as dried bamboo shoots, dried shiitake mushrooms, dried sweet potatoes, and dried salted fish, and then transport them to prefectural and county towns for wholesale.Villagers have sideline income, and village leaders can also make money.
"Mr. Zhu is here!" the guide reminded in a low voice.
Cao Zao turned around to look, but saw a middle-aged man holding a five or six-year-old girl by the hand, followed by a fourteen-year-old boy.
Pedestrians on the street greeted him one after another, and their respect was beyond words.
Cao Zao thought for a while, stepped forward and bowed and said, "Mr. Zhu, can I take a step to speak?"
"Your Excellency?" Zhu Guoxiang asked.
Cao Zao reported his identity: "Yangzhou Zhizhou Cao Zao."
Zhu Guoxiang was a little surprised, and said back: "It turns out to be Governor Cao, please sit in the gazebo over there."
There is a gazebo outside the town, which is specially for passers-by to rest their feet and enjoy the cool air.
Cao Zao came to the pavilion and sat down. He went straight to the subject and said, "Someone reported that Mr. Zhu was hiding land, accumulating people privately, and accepting fleeing households."
Zhu Guoxiang said calmly: "Those are not fleeing households, but refugees from famine years, and many of them even came from Shaanxi. They can't survive, and the government can't help them. Land reclamation."
"It is said that I hide the land, but in fact most of it is wasteland. According to the imperial government's decree, only the earliest cultivated land needs to pay the land tax, and the rest of the land has not yet reached the tax reduction period."
"As for the corvee, according to the imperial government's decree, the wasteland reclamation refugees can be exempted from military service. For the refugees who have passed the wasteland reclamation period, I also paid for their labor in advance, and I don't miss the county government every year."
After hearing these remarks, Cao Zao was taken aback, and most of the anger in his heart subsided.
He had almost forgotten that the court still had such a policy, because there were no officials to implement it.
Zhu Guoxiang continued: "Those refugees have registered as customers in the Xixiang County Government. As long as the reclaimed land reaches the end of the year, they will also go to the county government to register for the land deed. Where did the hidden land and private population come from?"
Cao Zao probably understood that Zhu Guoxiang must have concealed something about the land and population.
However, in strict accordance with the imperial government's policy, it is estimated that there is not much concealment, because a large amount of land has not yet reached the tax-free period.
It is purely a bug in the card policy.
Even so, compared to the famous families in the south, is this a fart?
Cao Zao feels that impeachment is useless. If the impeachment is successful, Wang Fu will definitely be charged with another crime.He didn't intend to completely attach himself to Wang Fu, he had to think about his own reputation.
But he has to complete the task of tax amount, otherwise it will be difficult to hand over to the imperial court, and it is also his responsibility to govern the place.
Cao Zao said: "Mr. Zhu's character is admired by me, and I will never believe it. But should you set an example when you are famous, and you should share some and buy money?"
Zhu Guoxiang asked, "How much?"
"A thousand stones of grain!" Cao Zao said loudly.
Zhu Guoxiang sneered: "If the prefect has any doubts, he should send officials to check the population of the land. The mountains are barren, and there is really not much grain to be harvested. It is absolutely impossible to buy grain for a thousand shi!"
Cao Zao asked, "How much do you agree, sir?"
Zhu Guoxiang said: "Last year it was 120 shi. How about [-] shi this year to save face for the prefect? As for buying money, it has also been increased to [-] guan."
Cao Zao said: "It's better to buy one hundred guan for money and five hundred shi for grain. After transferring from Xixiang County to Yangzhou, I will convert all of them into silver and return [-]% to Mr. in secret. In addition, please ask Mr. took out [-] mu of land and went to the county government to register and get the land deed, which is considered to cooperate with the government to check the land."
This means that all the money from the squire will be collected, and [-]% of Dean Zhu's money will be returned?
Zhu Guoxiang said: "[-]% must be paid back to me!"
"It's a deal!" Cao Zao said hastily.
To put it bluntly, it's none of Zhu Guoxiang's business.
As long as Zhu Guoxiang is willing to cooperate and play a leading role in demonstration, Cao Zao can use this as a breakthrough to quickly open up the situation in the three counties of Yangzhou.
(End of this chapter)
The population of Yangzhou has decreased severely, and it has reached the point where the new magistrate is alerted.
This is definitely not Zhu Guoxiang's business alone, but all the big landlords are contributing to the flames.
Before Cai Jing was dismissed as prime minister, he made another order of Fang Tian.
The big landlords colluded with the officials to make their own land less and less.
However, small landlords and self-cultivating farmers have inexplicably more paper land.They were forced to go bankrupt and flee, and the big landlords took the opportunity to annex the land and swallow the population as hidden tenants.
There are also many people who fled directly into the mountains.
Even Gong Xiu, who occupied the abandoned gold mine, kept accepting fleeing households. He owned several villages in the ravine, and the total population under his command was close to [-].
This kind of thing is very normal in the last years of the dynasty.
Even more outrageous, there are many people around, and Yangzhou can only be regarded as a minor disturbance.
But it is said that there is a subordinate named Du Gongcai who advises the eunuch Yang Jian to track down the land deeds of the common people.
The method is as follows: first determine a good field, and if no one claims it, it will be confiscated.If someone claims it, check the land deed.If A can take out the land deed, he will trace where he bought it from.Find out that the previous landlord was B, and ask B to name the previous landlord.From B to C, from C to D...
After checking and searching, there was always a landlord who could not prove the origin of the property.
As a result, the land property had to be confiscated, turning the landlord into a tenant leader, who had to pay extra land rent every year.
Landlords not only have to pay rent, but also have to pay normal taxes to the government!
He also determined the abandoned dikes, weirs, barren mountains, and deserted beaches as official land, and ordered the nearby people to farm, and how much rent they had to pay each year.
In this way, the rent of a state can be increased by more than [-] yuan out of thin air.
Du Gongcai presented such a good strategy, and Yang Jian appreciated it, and was directly promoted to be an observer.
Yang Jian died of illness this year, and the eunuch Li Yan succeeded him.
Li Yan intensified his efforts, institutionalized Yang Jian's practice, set up a special organization "Xicheng Institute", and promoted it to Jingdong, Jingxi, Huaixi, and Huaibei.
And I don't even bother to pretend, whenever I encounter good land and the background of the landlord is not strong, I will refer to the good land as wasteland and confiscate it, and I will no longer trace who the previous landlords are.
Anyone who dares to appeal will be beaten to death at every turn.
Li Yan also learned from Zhu Yu and ordered the people in Jingdong and Jingxi to pay tribute, but he did not use the broken name of Hua Shigang.
The result is that "the fields cannot be farmed, the cattle cannot be plowed, and the money is exhausted, starving to death, or hanging in the yoke."
If a good official is unwilling to cooperate, he will be dismissed immediately.
For example, Fan Liao was under the jurisdiction of Yingchang Bingma Qian, who couldn't bear to harm the people, and failed to pay the tribute in full, so he was framed by Li Yan and sent to prison, dismissed from office and dismissed from office.
Of course Li Yan didn't have such great energy, but he took refuge in Prime Minister Wang Fu.
Wang Fu lacked Cai Jing's means of managing money, and when the national treasury was empty, he could only rely on Li Yan's crooked ways to generate income.
Cao Zao is quite conscientious. He thinks that as long as Yintian is cleaned up, the government can pay taxes normally.With sufficient tax sources, Wang Fu does not need to engage in crooked ways.
Zhu Guoxiang in Yangzhou is a typical example of a population hiding land.As long as Zhu Guoxiang is punished, he can shake the mountain and make other big landlords pay taxes honestly!
"The north bank is Shangbai Village and Xiabai Village."
"On the other side of Baishitou, there used to be a small population. Zhu Xianggong took in escaped households, reclaimed wasteland in Dayu Bay, and turned the hillside around Dayu Bay into a tea garden. Those new tea trees have been planted for more than three years, and they will start this year. Picking tea. There is a small river flowing out of the mountain in Dayu Bay, and the area along the river is full of wasteland and farming.”
Cao Zao hired a citizen from Xixiang County as a guide, and as long as enough money was given, someone would be willing to lead the way.
The area referred to at this moment is not the core of Daming Village at all.
It was the place where Zhang Guangdao took them to cross the river when Zhu's father and son crossed the river, which was at the ferry on the other side of Baishitou.
In the past, there were only thirty or forty families, but in the past few years, escaped households have been continuously absorbed, and the population has skyrocketed to more than five hundred.Moreover, a new tea mountain has been opened up, which is the third tea mountain in Daming Village, and many tung oil trees have been planted in the upper reaches of the small river.
"Where is...the dock?" Cao Zao was a little uncertain.
The guide said: "It's a boat-building workshop. You can build some small boats... Hey, the workshop has become much bigger than when I came last time."
Dayu Bay is a natural port. There is a small river flowing into the Han River. The widest part of the river bend is nearly 200 meters.
There are cliffs on the west side, and it is impossible to cultivate. The people live on the east and south sides.
The shipyard is also in the south. In the past two years, they have been building small boats to practice their hands. This year, they began to build "big boats" over ten meters. They also invited an experienced shipbuilder from Xingyuan Mansion.
Continuing to the east from Dayu Bay, there is a "no man's land" of two or three miles. The mountains are too steep to live and cultivate.
When the terrain slowed down a bit, many houses appeared again, but they still did not reach the core area of Daming Village.
After continuing to sail for three or four miles, Cao Zao's eyes widened suddenly.
So what is a village?
Obviously it is a town!
There are four two-story buildings, and more than a dozen merchant ships are docked at the pier.
Still far away, there was a strong smell of distiller's grains.
The guide said: "There is shochu in Daming Village, which is clear and translucent. Gentlemen and merchants don't like it much, but poor people love it. After a hard day's work, buying a few liang of shochu home can relieve the fatigue of the whole day. Shochu is strong. , like cutting a throat with a knife, and the common people call it a burning knife. They are sold in the three counties of Yangzhou, and merchants transport them to Xingyuan Mansion."
The baijiu in Daming Village is made from corn and sweet potatoes, and the leftover distiller's grains are used to feed pigs.
The brewing process has been kept secret for two years, but it was leaked out after all. Some people in Xixiang County have already tried to imitate it.
Cao Zao did not land, and continued down the Han River.
From Dayu Bay to the place where Zhu's father and son first saw the Han River, it stretched for fourteen miles, all of which belonged to Daming Village.
Can this still be called a village?
Although there are many mountains along the coast, the arable land is relatively narrow, and most of the places do not even have paddy fields.But food can also be grown in mountainous areas. In really steep places, tea trees and tung oil trees can also be planted.
"How many people are there?" Cao Zao pointed to Xiaohe.
The guide shook his head: "I don't know, I haven't been in before."
Following this small river into the mountain is the place where Zhu's father and son crossed. The BMW is still lying on the mountain.
Cao Zao asked the boatmen to paddle into the mountains, feeling that the land here should be reclaimed not long ago, and the crops are not growing well, probably because the land has not yet matured.
There was nothing to investigate, so I sailed back to the central pier of Daming Village.
"Where does this river lead to?" Cao Zao asked.
The guide said: "To the former Black Wind Village."
The further upstream of Heifeng Village is also continuing to dig deeper. In order to ensure the safety of the villagers, they even organized the villagers to kill a tiger.
The current Daming Village is no longer in the shape of a "T", but an inverted "Ш".
One horizontal represents the Han River, and three vertical represents three small rivers.The villagers live along the river, and the rest of the place is full of mountains.
There are more than 5000 villagers, hundreds of them are refugees from Shaanxi when Zhang Guangdao smuggled them.
The officials of Xixiang County had long designated this large area as Daming Township, but they were still used to calling it Daming Village.
Cao Zao went ashore by boat, and cargo was being moved at the pier.
The most conspicuous thing was the inn. There were more than ten people drinking tea in the lobby, and they seemed to be merchants and their attendants.
A street market has been formed here, with a three-meter-wide stone road, and there are some shops on both sides of the road.
Many shops are not open, and even if they are open, there are not many customers, because today is not a day for going to the market.
There are also several warehouses built, all of which are owned by village cadres (Zhu Guoxiang has an absolute controlling stake, and the others are minority shareholders).
For example, dry goods warehouses purchase dry goods such as dried bamboo shoots, dried shiitake mushrooms, dried sweet potatoes, and dried salted fish, and then transport them to prefectural and county towns for wholesale.Villagers have sideline income, and village leaders can also make money.
"Mr. Zhu is here!" the guide reminded in a low voice.
Cao Zao turned around to look, but saw a middle-aged man holding a five or six-year-old girl by the hand, followed by a fourteen-year-old boy.
Pedestrians on the street greeted him one after another, and their respect was beyond words.
Cao Zao thought for a while, stepped forward and bowed and said, "Mr. Zhu, can I take a step to speak?"
"Your Excellency?" Zhu Guoxiang asked.
Cao Zao reported his identity: "Yangzhou Zhizhou Cao Zao."
Zhu Guoxiang was a little surprised, and said back: "It turns out to be Governor Cao, please sit in the gazebo over there."
There is a gazebo outside the town, which is specially for passers-by to rest their feet and enjoy the cool air.
Cao Zao came to the pavilion and sat down. He went straight to the subject and said, "Someone reported that Mr. Zhu was hiding land, accumulating people privately, and accepting fleeing households."
Zhu Guoxiang said calmly: "Those are not fleeing households, but refugees from famine years, and many of them even came from Shaanxi. They can't survive, and the government can't help them. Land reclamation."
"It is said that I hide the land, but in fact most of it is wasteland. According to the imperial government's decree, only the earliest cultivated land needs to pay the land tax, and the rest of the land has not yet reached the tax reduction period."
"As for the corvee, according to the imperial government's decree, the wasteland reclamation refugees can be exempted from military service. For the refugees who have passed the wasteland reclamation period, I also paid for their labor in advance, and I don't miss the county government every year."
After hearing these remarks, Cao Zao was taken aback, and most of the anger in his heart subsided.
He had almost forgotten that the court still had such a policy, because there were no officials to implement it.
Zhu Guoxiang continued: "Those refugees have registered as customers in the Xixiang County Government. As long as the reclaimed land reaches the end of the year, they will also go to the county government to register for the land deed. Where did the hidden land and private population come from?"
Cao Zao probably understood that Zhu Guoxiang must have concealed something about the land and population.
However, in strict accordance with the imperial government's policy, it is estimated that there is not much concealment, because a large amount of land has not yet reached the tax-free period.
It is purely a bug in the card policy.
Even so, compared to the famous families in the south, is this a fart?
Cao Zao feels that impeachment is useless. If the impeachment is successful, Wang Fu will definitely be charged with another crime.He didn't intend to completely attach himself to Wang Fu, he had to think about his own reputation.
But he has to complete the task of tax amount, otherwise it will be difficult to hand over to the imperial court, and it is also his responsibility to govern the place.
Cao Zao said: "Mr. Zhu's character is admired by me, and I will never believe it. But should you set an example when you are famous, and you should share some and buy money?"
Zhu Guoxiang asked, "How much?"
"A thousand stones of grain!" Cao Zao said loudly.
Zhu Guoxiang sneered: "If the prefect has any doubts, he should send officials to check the population of the land. The mountains are barren, and there is really not much grain to be harvested. It is absolutely impossible to buy grain for a thousand shi!"
Cao Zao asked, "How much do you agree, sir?"
Zhu Guoxiang said: "Last year it was 120 shi. How about [-] shi this year to save face for the prefect? As for buying money, it has also been increased to [-] guan."
Cao Zao said: "It's better to buy one hundred guan for money and five hundred shi for grain. After transferring from Xixiang County to Yangzhou, I will convert all of them into silver and return [-]% to Mr. in secret. In addition, please ask Mr. took out [-] mu of land and went to the county government to register and get the land deed, which is considered to cooperate with the government to check the land."
This means that all the money from the squire will be collected, and [-]% of Dean Zhu's money will be returned?
Zhu Guoxiang said: "[-]% must be paid back to me!"
"It's a deal!" Cao Zao said hastily.
To put it bluntly, it's none of Zhu Guoxiang's business.
As long as Zhu Guoxiang is willing to cooperate and play a leading role in demonstration, Cao Zao can use this as a breakthrough to quickly open up the situation in the three counties of Yangzhou.
(End of this chapter)
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