Guide to Traveling through the Northern Song Dynasty.

Chapter 363 0358 [Government VI]

Baocheng County, Gaoyan Township.

This is the starting point of the second weir main canal of Shanhe Weir.
If we include the weirs and canals in Xixian County, there are three main weirs in Shanhe Weir.

Group after group of farmers, carrying tools to travel further upstream.

Some of them were sent by the landlord. The landlord handed over the money and food apportioned, and then sent the tenants to serve as servants. These servants were uniformly paid by the government.

Some are self-cultivated farmers, who cannot afford the money or are reluctant to apportion the apportionment, so they can only send people to dig mountains and rivers and weirs. They don't get paid but they have to take care of food.

Before dredging the weirs and ditches, the three weirs and dams that blocked the Baoshui out of the mountains had to be repaired first.

These three dams are to raise the water level. After the water is stored, three main canals are introduced to divert irrigation.It is also necessary to build a water quantity control device to distribute the downstream water diversion by mu according to the irrigation volume of each main canal.

"To irrigate the whole of Hanzhong, three barrages are not enough. After the completion of the first phase of water conservancy, I am afraid that two or three more barrages will be added." A young man suddenly appeared at the construction site.

Fu Xingzhong was commanding the dispatcher and turned around after hearing the words: "Your Excellency?"

The young man cupped his hands and said, "Zhao Fengji."

Zhao Quan, who was recognized by Zhu Ming as "Water Conservancy 95", was recommended to be the Shaoqing of Taichang Temple. Because he said a few good words to the prince, he was demoted to Suzhou to collect the wine tax.

Zhao Fengji, the son of Zhao Quan, passed the Jinshi examination and was first awarded Changyuan (Rongchang) county captain, but was captured by troops led by Lin Chong and Bai Qi.

Zhao Fengji lived in Daming Village for a few days and knew Bai Qi.

Zhao Fengji took out his waist card: "Thanks to Zhu Xianggong's attention, I am now the deputy secretary of the Water Conservancy Department, assisting Fu Sizheng in dredging the mountains and rivers. My father was an official in Hanzhong, and he also knew a little about the mountains and rivers, and made corresponding plans. It's a pity The people don't trust the government, and no landlord is willing to work and pay."

Fu Xingzhong couldn't figure out what this person's background was, so he cupped his hands and said, "Please give me some advice."

Zhao Fengji said: "It is advisable to increase the number of weirs and dams to six. On the side of the main canal near the river, two overflow weirs must be added to prevent the main canal from diverting too much water, which is not conducive to land irrigation in the lower reaches of the Han River. Flood discharge to the Han River. Aqueducts and culverts for drainage and drainage should also be added. Stone slabs or pebbles are laid on the bottom of the canal as an indicator of the annual dredging depth."

As soon as Fu Xingzhong heard it, he knew that an expert was coming, and said quickly: "Please explain in detail."

Zhao Fengji took Fu Xingzhong and went to several key places to analyze and explain on the spot.

After a chat, Fu Xingzhong was so impressed that he began to talk about his various plans.

The combination of the two will greatly increase the amount of work, additional funds will be required, and the construction period will have to be delayed.Only the first phase of the project will have to be repaired until next autumn (the work must be stopped during the busy farming season).

Zhao Fengji is a thief, and he is more straightforward than many people.

Firstly, his father has been demoted, and there are no senior members in the family; secondly, he knows and admires Zhu Guoxiang; thirdly, he can immediately participate in the construction of mountains and rivers.

Zhu Ming also arrested many officials on Chengdufu Road and Zizhou Road, and thirteen non-commissioned officers were willing to join him.The number is so large, of course, because of the capture of Shuzhong, the separatist regime has been initially established.

Our General Zhu didn't want everything. Among the thirteen non-commissioned officers, five had such a bad reputation that they chopped them up and used them to appease the people.Of the remaining eight, Zhao Fengji was sent to Hanzhong, and the rest were arranged to be officials in Shuzhong.

Zhao Fengji sat on the barrage, staring at the construction site in a daze, feeling how weird the world is.

His ancestor was Zhao Tingmei, king of Wei, the fourth younger brother of Zhao Kuangyin and Zhao Guangyi.Because he was dissatisfied with Zhao Guangyi's succession to the throne, he made many secret resentment words and petty actions. He was accused of conspiracy and demoted as Fuling county magistrate. He was placed in Fangzhou and was not allowed to run around.

House arrest is not counted, the 38-year-old man died suddenly.

Zhao Guangyi burst into tears, and broke the news that the fourth brother was not born to the queen mother, but from the nanny Geng's family, which completely destroyed the legitimacy of Zhao Tingmei's line.

Zhao Tingmei left behind ten sons, and the fifth son, Zhao Dejun, gave birth to eleven sons... After the two generations of Zhao Quan and Zhao Fengji, they can no longer be regarded as the clan, not only a collateral line, but also a concubine's concubine.

But Zhao Fengji still has Zhao Song's blood, so choosing to be a thief now is really nonsense.

Zhao Fengji suddenly laughed at himself and patted the dust on his buttocks, got up and went to assist Fu Xingzhong with his work.

Chen Dong also came to the construction site and asked a servant who was carrying the mud: "Have you finished clearing the acres of your home?"

The servant said: "I am a tenant of Liu Yuan's family, and I don't have much land."

Chen Dong asked again: "Did you ever owe that member Liu money and food?"

The servant said, "I owe a lot."

Chen Dong asked again: "Do you know the rent reduction and interest rate reduction order?"

"What order?" The servant shook his head, "I haven't heard of it."

Chen Dong immediately took out the bamboo tube pen, and when he added ink, the servant had already carried the mud away.He hurried to catch up: "Dare to ask your Excellency, which county, which township, which village and which village protects which?"

The servant said: "Baonutang Village, No. [-] Baoniutang Village, Second Li, Gaoyan Township, Baocheng County, why are you asking these questions?"

Chen Dong said: "Minister Jinglue issued an order to reduce rent and interest. In the past, the usury owed to the landlord was repaid at one penny per year. If the repaid interest exceeds the principal, there is no need to calculate the interest, just repay the principal. The repaid interest exceeds You don’t have to pay back anything if you double the cost. From next year onwards, the annual interest rate for new loans shall not exceed two and a half cents..."

The servant directly put down the burden, and said incredulously, "Is there such a good thing?"

Chen Dong said: "This decree has been promulgated for a month, and it will be implemented from New Year's Day next year, but the government should have informed the people a long time ago. You haven't heard the slightest news. Someone must have deliberately concealed it. I have to write it down. Next New Year's Day After that, if Yuanwai Liu doesn’t reduce the rent and interest, you can go to Baocheng County to sue the officials. If Baocheng County doesn’t care about it, you can go to Hanzhong Fucheng to sue the officials, and the Economic and Strategic Council will make the decision for you.”

"I will definitely go, if I can pay back so much money and food for less, I will sue the officials if I try my best!" The servant's eyes were shining.

Chen Dong asked again: "How much wages and rations can you get for working this time?"

The servant said: "Two meals a day, one dry meal and one light meal. This work is very tiring, and I can't get enough to eat. The wages are 30 yuan a day, which is said to be paid after the work is done."

Chen Dong suspected that someone was embezzling food, so he immediately went to Fu Xingzhong.

But Fu Xingzhong said: "I asked for the deduction. The money and food that the manager has not fully raised. There is still a lot of money and food apportioned by the landlord, so I can only save some food for the time being. I personally Keep an eye on it, the rations and wages will definitely not go wrong. There are still several sections of the main weir and canal that are being dredged, and some officials have been assigned to take charge of each section, your Excellency can go over there and have a look."

Chen Dong had an oolong, and went to ask other servants.

After working for a long time, a self-cultivator finally said: "My family has mortgaged a total of six mu of land. This time, Zhang Tian only has four mu left, and the remaining two mu are missing. The government has given another land deed."

Chen Dong said: "If you can't find out about this kind of thing, you can report to the officials and get half of the Tiangen (Tiangu) back. In fact, when Zhangtian is in the field, you should tell the officials that one person will automatically get half of it."

This is a problem left over from history. Zhu Guoxiang asked the officials to cut through the mess quickly in order to quickly find out.

At the beginning of the founding of the Song Dynasty, it was also planned to implement a land grant system. In principle, all land belonged to the imperial court.

But the resistance is too great to succeed.

As a result, the land that had been taken over by the state was leased to farmers for cultivation, and the remaining private land was issued with land deeds.With the passage of time, the farmers who tenanted the official land automatically obtained the permanent tenancy right.

However, official land is often given to civil and military officials, and civil and military officials obtain ownership, but cannot obtain the right to use it.This is the first batch of "one field with two masters", which were called Tiangen and Tianmian in the Song Dynasty, and Tiangu and Tianpi in the Ming and Qing dynasties.

In order to obtain start-up funds for the reform, Wang Anshi sold a large number of roots of official land, and "one land with two owners" was fully privatized.

At the same time, many landlords who owned complete land properties encountered difficulties and wanted to raise funds, but they were unwilling to sell the land completely.Therefore, the right to use the land is sold, which is called "pawn sale".

There is generally a time limit for pawn sale, and the owner of the land property, as long as he can afford the money, can forcibly redeem the use right when it expires.

As for the owner of the land with the right to use, if the original owner does not redeem it, he can first purchase the ownership when it expires.

If the owner of Tian Gen can't afford the money, and the owner of Tian Nian doesn't want to buy it, Tian Gen will give priority to selling it to relatives or neighbors.Relatives or neighbors do not buy, and others can be qualified to buy land.

Tiangen and Tianmen can be resold regardless of the expiration date.

It is the obligation of landowners to pay taxes to the government, that is, land users pay taxes.

To sign a pawn sale contract, you must pay the transfer tax at the government, otherwise it will be difficult to make it clear in a lawsuit.

By the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the roots and noodles of a piece of land had changed hands many times, and they were all a mess.That's why there are so many hidden fields to evade taxes, and that's why the eunuch Li Yan can collect rent randomly, because most of the land properties are difficult to confirm.

Now that Zhu Guoxiang is checking the fields, he has to sort out the roots and sides of the fields.

For those lands left over from history, where the title cannot be confirmed, if the land deed or contract can be provided, then one person will share half of it, or simply multiple people will share it equally.

Moreover, it is stipulated that starting from New Year's Day next year, the government will not recognize any private contracts thereafter.When the landowner sells the right to use, if he does not report the transfer to the government, the tax on the land is still borne by the land owner, which means that he has to continue to pay taxes after selling the land, so as to avoid confusion in the management of land records and taxes.

There must be countless small people who have been entrapped due to poor information, but this is labor pain, and Zhu Guoxiang will not care about it.

In addition, the landowner whose field root and field surface are integrated, because he owns the complete land property, is charged according to the normal land tax when paying taxes.Only the landowners on the surface of the fields have to pay an extra "land property separation tax", which is forcing the landowners to have complete property rights.

Chen Dong comforted the servant for a while, and couldn't help but sigh in his heart.

If it is not a rebellion, how can we clear up the land?It's a complete mess!

Only when you really master the knife can you cut the mess quickly.

At that time, Wang Anshi was Fang Tianling's last hope, because a large number of Tiangen was in the hands of the court.

Wang Anshi sold Tian Gen from the government, and after Tian Gen changed hands freely, I couldn't figure it out when he was replaced by Tian Wang.Cai Jingfang's average tax on land is bound to fail. Even if the grassroots officials work hard, they don't have the ability to straighten out Yintian.

Chen Dong suddenly felt that rebellion was the only way out.

(Thanks to the leader of Buyu for the reward O(∩_∩)O~)

(End of this chapter)