Three Kingdoms: The Guan Family's Rebellious Son, Long Blessing Jing Xiang

Looking at the political system of China, from tribes, to enfeoffment, to patriarchal clan, to the joint governance of the emperor and the nobles;

Then to the Shiqing Shilu system, to the prefecture and county system, to the centralized system, to the professional bureaucracy, to the authoritarian centralized system.

This is a huge country, and the history of changes in its political system over thousands of years is so complicated!

But... there is no doubt that every step is actually progress.

Each step represents a new productivity and production relationship.

Only Guan Lin, a man of two generations, can compare the advantages and disadvantages of these systems horizontally, match these systems with reality, and then choose... a political system that is more suitable for the current situation and development of the Han Dynasty.

Changes in political systems are often accompanied by economic development and ideological evolution.

The law of economic development is from primitive agriculture to traditional agriculture (well field system);
to feudal land ownership;

Moving on to cottage industry, government-run handicrafts, private handicrafts, and commercial development in towns and cities, there are also emphasis on agriculture and suppression of commerce, maritime bans, and isolation from the country.

The realm of thought is even more complex.

The fights between relatives and eunuchs will also become more and more popular.

It's hard...

There are also border warriors like Ma Chao who have witnessed the chaos of Qiang and Hu, and the scene of ten rooms and nine empty houses in Yongliang!
If such a combination cannot accomplish this feat of "turning over and starting over again".

When Guan Lin said these words.

...

In the process of dialogue with the emperor Liu Xie, Guan Lin was confident, his words were sonorous, and every sentence he uttered was deafening.

But Guan Lin... or the big man has something to rely on.

He didn't feel at all that... these words were rebellious.

Pushing back further, there is the New Culture Movement, which is even longer and has a more far-reaching impact.

This…

Able to make suggestions in times of war, secretly remove obstacles for Liu Bei, and work hard without complaint as Liu Bei's shadow and mastermind;
There are loyal and righteous men like Guan Yu and Xu Shu;

Even if Guan Lin helps Liu Bei and revives the Han Dynasty, Liu Bei will grow old and so will Adou.

"Your Majesty, I have an idea. If it succeeds, it may not be able to solve all the problems once and for all, but... it can make the empire more stable, enable thousands of common people to recuperate, and be able to let yourself go as your Majesty wishes... This is not me Maybe my uncle will let your majesty go, but your majesty will let you go!"

Undoubtedly, Liu Xie was surprised and shocked.

Actually, really speaking.

"Emperor Shang of the Han Dynasty died at the age of two, Emperor Chong of the Han Dynasty Liu Bing died of illness when he was three years old, Emperor Zhi of the Han Dynasty was poisoned to death at the age of nine, and your Majesty's brother, the Young Emperor of Han, was only fifteen years old and was coerced by Dong Zhuo... to commit suicide, wasn't he? ? These are the inherent methods of powerful ministers, taking action before the emperor takes office, or at the beginning of taking office, thus costing another young emperor to control the court again..."

It was precisely when he thought of this that Guan Lin dared to think further, to think deeper, and to think more complicatedly.

The Qin Dynasty perished because of violent reforms!
But if you don’t change it, so what?

"The Dou family, the Deng family, the Liang family...these relatives and families, you just have to sing and I will appear on the stage and control the super-gang, even if there are no relatives, such as Dong Zhuo, Cao Cao and other powerful officials...the list is endless! Your Majesty, these twenty people who are the emperor Yu Zai... His Majesty also said that he was walking on thin ice. I guess your Majesty can empathize with what I said, right? "

This is no longer as simple as reform, this is simply tearing down the existing political system and rebuilding it.

The most, most, most, most important thing is that Zhuge Liang is at the SSR level in terms of his country governance, handicraft economic development, and ability to awaken people's thinking;

After a brief explanation of the advantages and disadvantages of the existing political system and the "history of the sufferings of Han emperors", Guan Lin's tone became gentler and he said calmly.

"Imperial autocracy... The emphasis is on imperial power. If the emperor is strong, it can cover up all conflicts. But if the emperor is weak, such as the youngest son of the royal family, he will inevitably face the power of powerful ministers, eunuchs exercising power, and repeated games between relatives and eunuchs. Among these games, Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty lived for twenty-three years and finally died of depression; Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty lived for twenty-one years and finally died of illness; Emperor Ping of the Han Dynasty was poisoned by wine when he was over fourteen years old and died; "

It's also dangerous!

What a clear, in-depth and concise insight!

Even in the process of change, the political system, ideological awakening, and economic development will be the three big mountains that press hard on the big man.

If this kind of political system, which is related to ideological awakening and economic development, makes a mistake... it will be hated forever.

To the parallelism of the three religions, to the integration of the three religions, to the revival of Confucianism (Neo-Confucianism), to the inheritance and criticism of traditional Confucianism!

Their unity is an unprecedented encounter between monarchs and ministers in the history of China for thousands of years;

But... coincidentally, at this moment, I don't know whether Liu Xie wanted to break free from the cage brought by the imperial power, or whether he was convinced from the bottom of his heart by Guan Lin's enlightening insights.

Is centralized imperial power a disaster for the royal family... and for the young emperor?
This is too bold, and completely contrary to the concepts of "divine right of heaven" and "the emperor is ordered by heaven" mentioned by Dong Zhongshu that have long been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.

Even the so-called "idea" proposed by Guan Lin, he was actually somewhat eager to know... what exactly was it?
"Having said that, I want to hear how you want to make the empire stable and the people safe, and how you want me to let you go?"

Admittedly…

However, as long as the hereditary system remains unchanged and the "family world" cannot be transformed into the "public world", the situation of strong ministers and weak masters will inevitably happen again.

So...who can still finish it?
It is precisely based on this...based on confidence in Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Xu Shu, and Fa Zheng.

Because this wave of people headed by Liu Bei is a wave of little people who started from the bottom;

From the contention of a hundred schools of thought (the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States), to the Legalist rule of the country (Qin), to the Taoist recuperation (early Han Dynasty), to the time when Confucianism became orthodox (Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty)...

After a brief period of peace and prosperity, the Han Dynasty would one day move toward decay, strife, and turmoil.

"Your Majesty, it is true that imperial power is autocracy... The supremacy of imperial power has many positive effects, such as being beneficial to the integration of nationalities, the development of economy, agriculture, and trade, the economic and cultural exchanges of all parties, and the unification of the empire... However, it is negative We must also face it!”

At that time, how will history record Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and Guan Lin?
At most, it's just like Guangwu Zhongxing... molding Liu Bei into the image of a "son of destiny" like Guangwu, and Guan Lin is his "great magician"!
But, if you look at it for a hundred years or a thousand years, what's the point?
Can Han Dynasty continue to exist?

Of course, this is not the point. The point is that he... Guan Lin used the suffering history of the "Han Emperor" to interpret a brand new point of view, that is - is the centralized imperial power reasonable?

...

The sky was still dark, without any light, and the rolling dark clouds made the sky dark.

Only the torch shines with a lot of brilliance.

The night wind in Luoyang is so strong... the wind blows on the face like a knife.

Guan Yu wore a brand-new official robe and walked into the tunnel entrance. Because he was going to see the emperor, it was... very grand.

But what Guan Yu didn't expect was that when he entered the tunnel and walked through the long corridor, he was almost at the stone chamber where the emperor was. More torches were lit here, and all the civil and military officials in Luoyang City came there first. .

Xicao sent Wei Xi, the imperial doctor Ling Jiping, the Shaofu Geng Ji, and the prime minister Sizhi Weihuang.

There are also Zhu Ling, Xu Shu... and more Han officials. They are all guarding here, but their expressions are a bit exaggerated, as if they have heard something shocking.

Guan Yu continued to step forward, and when he finally reached Xu Shu's side, he couldn't help but open his mouth, "You guys..."

He wanted to say, "Are you all here?"

But as soon as he started talking, Xu Shu quickly raised his index finger to signal Guan Yu to be silent.

Guan Yu put away what he wanted to say, but saw Xu Shu's eyes indicating...

Only then did Guan Yu notice that the words of his son Guan Lin were coming from the stone room in front.

Guan Yu immediately understood and lowered his voice. "Yun Qi is talking to His Majesty..."

Before Guan Yu could finish speaking, Xu Shu nodded quickly, still signaling Guan Yu to be silent and just listen quietly.

Guan Yu's eyes were among the many torches, and he looked at many people for a while, but it seemed that they all had more important things to do than greeting Guan Yu. They quickly turned their heads to the front, still listening quietly. dialogue in it.

It was as if the words coming out of the stone chamber shocked them, some were indescribable, and some required careful meditation.

Guan Yu also became quiet.

At this moment, it sounded like Guan Lin's voice had just fallen, and it was the emperor's turn to speak.

"Parliamentary constitutional monarchy? Yunqi... you mean... you want to completely overthrow the existing imperial power system, and then establish an... empire where parliament and the monarch co-exist? In this empire, although the emperor is the head of a country, he is It is only symbolic, accepting the worship of all people, performing offerings and sacrifices to heaven, earth, people, and gods, but... it does not hold any political power or military power? On the contrary... the parliament you mentioned has the highest authority. Rights, including the formulation of laws, political power...military power...and a series of political and military affairs related to the imperial state! "

Liu Xie chanted these words smoothly, but... undoubtedly, his heart was throbbing, shocked, and unbelievable.

It is too bold and unbelievable to use the emperor as the head of a country only as a "symbolic" link and transfer all imperial power to the parliament!

That is to say, he doesn't want to be this emperor. If he were another monarch, Guan Lin's words alone would be enough to make him lose his head. No...it would involve the nine clans!
But...Liu Xie is also a monarch who is very good at thinking.

From this incredible political system, he found something else.

For example, the inheritance of the Han Dynasty...

Such as the battles in the palace...

Another example...he is full of eyes, and what he looks forward to most is the freedom!
Yes, because in this "parliamentary constitutional monarchy", although the emperor is the head of a country, he is only symbolic. Then he is no longer a threat to any powerful ministers or relatives. Then there will be no such thing as the two-year-old Emperor Shang of the Han Dynasty. Died young, Emperor Chong of the Han Dynasty Liu Bing died of illness when he was three years old, Emperor Zhi of the Han Dynasty was poisoned to death when he was nine years old... Such tragic events for powerful officials!

No one would hold the emperor hostage to order the princes...

It seems that all the disputes and tribulations are far away from the identity of the emperor. On the contrary, such an emperor only needs to do some things... that have nothing to do with struggle.

Even... no one can restrain his freedom!
On the contrary, as a result, the emperor changed from the most dangerous status to the most relaxed status, and the inheritance of the royal family was easier to pass on from generation to generation, until thousands of generations! Until eternity!
Think about it this way…

Although the "parliamentary constitutional monarchy" mentioned by Guan Lin is a bit bold, it... has certain positive aspects!

Although it goes against the "divine right of kings" and "constant etiquette" that Confucianism has spread throughout the world for four hundred years and is deeply rooted in people's minds, at least in Liu Xie's view, he does not reject it!
It’s a very novel way——

On the contrary, it was Guan Yu outside the door. He listened carefully to Liu Xie's first words... words from his son Yun Qi.

His jaw almost dropped in shock. His cheeks, which were originally the color of red dates, were as white as paper at this moment...

Senseless!

It is no exaggeration to say that at this moment, Guan Yu was completely confused and his head was buzzing.

Yun Qi's idea is too jumpy and unbelievable...

Not to mention anyone else, even Guan Yu felt a little unacceptable for a while.

What he was thinking subconsciously was:

——"Oh my god, Cao Cao is holding the emperor hostage to control the princes, and treats the emperor as a puppet, but my son Yun Qi...does he want the emperor to accept the identity of this puppet calmly?" 』

——"No...if it is the title of emperor, it does not have any rights, then...the so-called puppet is out of the question!" 』

The more Guan Yu thought about it, the more confused he became. He felt like his head was going to explode and he couldn't turn around anymore.

At this time...

Guan Lin's voice sounded again, decisive.

"Yes..." Guan Lin tried to imagine the world after the constitutional monarchy. "The parliament is elected by the people. People such as my uncle, my father, my third uncle, Zhuge Military Advisor, Mr. Xu Shu... will all be members of the parliament. , even the members of this council can be leaders and elites from all walks of life, and all national policies and military affairs are decided by them. No one is the dominant one, and they...check and balance each other!"

"Absolute rights mean absolute corruption, but relative rights, rights that are checked and balanced, have a greater chance of satisfying the interests of all parties and classes... Just imagine, although my father is loyal and brave, he is prone to mental twitching. Doing something that does more harm than good to the Han people, but if the council existed, wouldn’t it be my father who made this decision alone, with the advice of Military Advisor Zhuge and Mr. Xu Shu? Would my father be so easy to lose his mind?”

Following Guan Lin's words, Liu Xie became more and more interested the more he listened... The more he listened, the more he felt that this was not unacceptable at all.

This will even have an extremely positive impact on the continuation of the Han Dynasty and the Han Empire lasting for thousands of years.

There is nothing easier than this kind of system to constrain all parties and weigh the pros and cons of each party.

Of course, there will be corruption in any system, and as time goes by, there will be various intricacies... But even so, this is the relatively fairest system, the most kind to the Han, and the most kind to Wan Qianli.

only…

Guan Lin gave an example to Guan Yu, which made Guan Yu a little embarrassed who was eavesdropping outside the door... ah no, it was an upright eavesdropping!
What is called? Does my father get confused easily?
It's easy for your brain to get confused!

It's easy for your whole family to get confused!

Guan Yu was thinking about this...

Liu Xie's voice came out again, "So...it is the parliament that formulates military and national policies? And who is responsible for implementing them?"

"Cabinet!" Guan Lin continued without thinking, "All Han people, including the emperor, will elect a cabinet. The cabinet will be responsible for implementing these military and national policies. The cabinet is supervised by the parliament and is responsible to the parliament...The parliament is accountable to the emperor. Responsible, if the cabinet does not do well, the parliament can be abolished and replaced. If the parliament does not do well, the emperor can also be the only one to 'initiate the replacement of the parliament', and then all the Han people will vote whether to replace the parliament or to retain it. parliament!"

Having said this, Guan Lin paused for a moment, "Even the members of the Parliament and the Cabinet are not static. They have to be selected every few years. Some are eliminated and some are promoted...Always let the Parliament and the Cabinet have fresh blood. The most important thing is What’s more, the members of the parliament are not hereditary, which means that if I don’t serve in the cabinet or the parliament, my son…can’t inherit it? As for whether he can return to this high position, it depends on his ability and destiny.”

This…

Liu Xie listened with interest before, but later...when Guan Lin mentioned that the parliament and the cabinet were not immutable, not hereditary, and could not be inherited, Liu Xie couldn't help but widen his eyes.

"This is too bold... This is almost a New Deal. In the past... the Han Dynasty issued grace orders in order to weaken the interests of the vassal kings, and gradually reduced the territory and rights of the princes. That was already a conspiracy, but now... you let These nobles have complete inheritance and hereditary rights, they will kill you!"

Liu Xie's tone was a little stumbling, and he was even more nervous when he spoke...

Guan Lin smiled, "I know, so... if this new policy is implemented, it will be very dangerous, such as Shang Yang's reforms, reforms are often accompanied by sacrifices... Not that I, Guan Lin, can complete it alone. This requires my uncle and me. Dad, my third uncle and my son, Uncle Long, need Mr. Zhuge, Mr. Fazheng, Mr. Xu Shu... They need thousands of knowledgeable people in the world to complete it reasonably, and reform and reform cannot be completed all at once, but must be done step by step. Son... maybe what Mr. Zhuge does will be ten or a hundred times better than what I said!"

Yes, if we really want to implement this New Deal, if we really want to transition the feudal monarchy to a "parliamentary constitutional monarchy", then the most, most, most, most critical thing is the people who implement this New Deal.

Zhuge Kongming…

Even if it were the second person in history, Guan Lin felt that... he might not succeed!

Because Guan Lin understands Zhuge Liang. Isn't this... the ideal city-state he wants to build?

Even...this requires a huge boost of productivity!
What Guan Lin can provide are methods and drawings. The one who can really realize these... is Zhuge Kongming!

Or in this history... he may be the most knowledgeable person in governing a country and the most knowledgeable person in Anbang!

Thoughts on this…

With a "huh" sound, Guan Lin took a long breath and continued to speak.

It's like imagining for the emperor and building a beautiful blueprint for him.

"At that time, Your Majesty will still be the emperor and the master of this empire, accepting the worship of all people. Your Majesty can also use your prestige and influence to do some things that Your Majesty wants to do, such as... I saw this stone room There are many medical books. I think Your Majesty... is eager to learn some medical skills!"

"Or maybe you are eager to... save some people with your own hands! This is very simple... because His Majesty is the Emperor. The Emperor is still sent by God, and is still respected by all people... He should not just be a symbol, a totem of rights, the Emperor Why can't he become a member of Xinglin? Why can't he use his influence to improve Xinglin's status and set up official medical offices in various places... to open free clinics so that patients can have medical treatment and medicine? Come... what your majesty gets is freedom, but what this great man's thousands of people get... is a monarch that they love so much that can only appear in dreams and ideals! "

...

…(End of chapter)