I'm really not doing business

Chapter 224 My Math Additional Volume

What Emperor Uncle Zhu Zaiyu created is completely out of line with this era. It is a kind of exploration and innovation combined with the application of past experience. Of course, turbines cannot be compared. The thermal efficiency of steam turbines used in large ships and power plants in later generations can reach more than 60%, but the turbine of Emperor Zhu Zaiyu may be difficult to achieve even 5%, and it is extremely unstable. .

Zhu Yijun can clearly explain the principles, such as high-pressure steam, safety valve, the principle of accelerating steam by the stator blades, high temperature, high pressure and high speed, after passing through the rotor blades, it becomes high temperature, high pressure and low speed, cooling and pressure reduction in the stator blades, The steam expands and then speeds up naturally through the blades.

But it would be embarrassing for Zhu Zaiyu to fully understand the logic and make a more scientific design.

But it is also a shocking miracle, because the reciprocating steam engine has been used for more than 200 years, and the thermal efficiency of the triple-expansion steam engine is only 8%, while the efficiency of this magical steam turbine is close to 5%, which is extremely terrifying.

When Watt improved the steam engine, he did not go through precise calculation and design, it was all an empirical practice.

Zhu Zaiyu’s steam engine has a short working time and low service life. High temperature and high pressure steam is extremely fatal to the damage to the steam turbine. A breakthrough in material science is needed to adapt to high pressure and high temperature, high temperature and high pressure steam of 400° and 500° at every turn. Delicate leaves can break easily.

The next day Zhu Yijun received a memorial from his uncle Zhu Zaiyu, how can a short-lived steam engine increase its lifespan?Zhu Zaiyu used a strange idea to reduce the weight of the safety valve on the high-pressure boiler, reduce the temperature and pressure, reduce the pressure on the blades, and reduce the high temperature above 400° to below 200°.

Although the efficiency will be further sacrificed, the service life can be extended to the point where it is enough for practical application immediately.

"Uncle Huang is amazing." Zhu Yijun Zhu criticized Zhu Zaiyu's memorandum. This does not mean that Zhu Zaiyu gave up the exploration of high pressure and high temperature, but let the steam engine be applied in practice, combining theory with practice.

The principle of the reciprocating steam engine is very simple, the steam is input, the piston is pushed, the piston drives the crank, and the crank drives the flywheel.

The reciprocating steam engine is to let the high-pressure steam enter the cylinder from both ends, and push the piston left and right, so that the high-pressure steam enters the cylinder device left and right, which is a slide valve connected to the flywheel.

The slide valve is connected to the flywheel through the slide valve rod, the flywheel rotates, the slide valve moves left and right, and steam enters the cylinder from the left and right sides.

The biggest technical difficulty is sealing. Both the slide valve chamber and the cylinder have a connecting rod connected to the flywheel, and both the slide valve chamber and the cylinder require sealing technology.

Compared with the steam turbine, the biggest problem of the reciprocating steam engine is the difficulty of sealing. It needs the connecting rod to go in and out, and the connecting rod must be sealed to prevent the steam from releasing pressure. This is the technical problem that Zhu Yijun needs to overcome.

Under a heavy reward, there must be a brave man. All kinds of ingenious ideas appeared on Zhu Zaiyu's desk, but any useful advice would be adopted by Zhu Zaiyu, and a reward of silver would be given. The topic, under the heavy reward, began to rise.

The major miscellaneous newspapers in the capital began to report the great rewards from the imperial court, and they were looking for someone who could carry water with firepower.

Burning silver if you can't burn coal is Zhu Yijun's solution. Burning silver is really useful, and Zhu will soon gain something.

"Your Majesty, Mr. Yuanfu said that you are ready, please go." Feng Bao bowed his head and said. The experiment site was in the Quanchu Guild Hall. Zhu Yijun, who was sorting out the agricultural books in the Baoqi Division, heard this, closed the agricultural books, and stood up.

This device is derived from "Minbao". It is not a steam engine, but it is also a water-taking device.

Minbao, a miscellaneous newspaper that likes to report various things closely related to the people, reported an artesian water device. This device is not a perpetual motion machine that does not need to do work, but a simpler way to fetch water, which is also a response to the imperial court. Appeal, this thing has attracted heated discussions in the market as soon as it came out.

Zhu Yijun rushed to the Quanchu Guild Hall, Zhang Ju was waiting in front of the door, and the threshold had been completely removed. Under the leadership of You Qi, Zhu Yijun came to the pool of Jiuzhe Bridge.

The device is very simple, a bellows plus a pipe, the air inlet of the bellows is connected to the pipe, and stretched into the artificial lake.

You Qi stood beside the bellows, and after getting Zhang Juzheng's approval, You Qi started to twitch the handle of the bellows.

"Water is coming out." Zhu Yijun said to Zhang Juzheng with a smile as he watched the air outlet turn into a water pipe.

You Qi chose to stop, but the water didn't stop, it was still flowing out, and then the water flow became smaller, and the water stopped flowing. When You Qi pulled it again, the water flowed out again.

At this time, Zhang Juzheng, the chief assistant of the Ming Dynasty, was in a daze. The willow trees beside the Jiuzhe Bridge had already sprouted, and under the spring breeze, they made ripples on the lake. He had tried many times, this is not Taoism, It is the principle of infinity.

Quite simply, the air in the tube is pumped out, so the water is drawn up, using atmospheric pressure.

There is a kind of wine extractor in the Ming Dynasty, the long rod is hollow, and there is an air hole on the top of the long rod. Put the wine extractor into the wine, press the air hole, and the wine can be lifted up, and then release the air hole, and the wine will flow into the cup. Also used is atmospheric pressure.

You Qi took the emperor and Shoufu to his own well, and put the pipe into the well. The first well quickly pumped out water, but the second well did not.

"The second mouthful of water is more than three feet from the surface to the ground, but if it is more than three feet, the water cannot be drawn out." Zhang Juzheng said.

According to the common cognition of Daming and Taixi, the basic principle of natural aversion to vacuum, water should be able to be squeezed out if it exceeds three feet, but if it can't, it won't work.

Atmospheric pressure is also limited, and it can only press the water to a height of about three feet.

The depth of three feet is the limit distance for the pump to pump out water. This is not to say that this device is useless, on the contrary, it is very useful and can greatly facilitate the lives of the people.

Its application scenario can be used in wells lower than three feet, which is a magical invention for the convenience of the people.

The bellows is modified a little and it becomes a pressurized water machine. It is coated with tung oil and can last for decades. There is a leather pad cover on the piston and water pipe inside. The air can only flow from bottom to top, not from top to bottom. , Of course, if the seal is poor, you can pour a little water on it first to increase the seal.

"Where is the craftsman who invented this thing?" Zhu Yijun nodded after seeing the real thing. It is really a clever method of lifting water. Although the height of three feet is limited, it can still be used in practice.

Zhang Juzheng is like this. He was afraid that someone would deceive the Holy Majesty, so he tried it himself first. After all, during the Jiajing period, there were fake Taoist priests who deceived the Daoist Lord, and they were ordered by Ti Shuai Lu Bing. His Majesty is young. If he is deceived, Zhang Juzheng, the emperor Teacher, take the primary responsibility.

Zhang Juzheng discovered through practice that this thing is useful and has limited application scenarios, but it is really easy to use and can greatly facilitate people's lives.

Zhu Yijun looked at the water press machine in front of him, and he couldn't help smiling. Although this thing can't solve the problem of water lifting in the mine, the bottom layer of the mine is extremely complicated, and the height of the water surface exceeds ten feet, so it still needs to be done. steam engine.

But Zhu Yijun needs to pay attention to any good things of life and people.

Zhang Juzheng asked You Qi to bring the craftsman to His Majesty.

"Caomin pays homage to Your Majesty. Long live Your Majesty, long live, long live." Zhu Yijun sized up the person in front of him. He was a middle-aged man. According to the Minbao report, this man was a carpenter from the outer city named Liu Sandao, who worked under the imperial court. When he was looking for a solution to pumping water with firepower, he thought about it. Since the bellows can draw wind, can it pump water?
After this attempt, he really tried it, but he didn't know who to turn to to talk about it, so he found Minbao.

"Excuse me, excuse me, you can't solve the problem, and I can't get the 50 taels, but I will give you a third-class merit medal, 1000 taels of silver, a bottle of national cellar, and a special gift of worsted wool I will be extra kind." Zhu Yijun asked Feng Bao to take out his reward.

The third-class merit medal is made of copper, and the reward of 1000 taels of silver is enough for Liu Sandao to change his class.

"Grassmen thank the emperor for his grace." Liu Sandao was overjoyed. It was a simple thought that he was rewarded so much. It really surprised him. He would brag to his son and grandson in the future. He, Liu Sandao, also met the emperor. people.

As long as Liu Sandao puts the merit card at home, there will be no Youzhuo in the city who would dare to come to disturb him, take the merit card and run to the Yamen of Shuntian Prefecture, saying that he has made meritorious service for Daming, the Yamen of Shuntian Prefecture will have to treat it with caution , because this Liu Sandao really met the emperor.

Zhu Yijun chatted with Liu Sandao for a long time, asking him about the family situation, how many people there are, how old are the children, how did he think of absorbing water, how did he find Minbao, etc., until Liu Sandao left Zhu Yijun was still full of tears. Laughing, he said to Zhang Juzheng, "Who is the writer of Minbao?"

There is a key voice platform, Minbao.

Zhu Yijun likes to read Minbao very much, it is something closely related to the people, there are many interesting things in it, this Minbao has no partisan elements, Zhu Yijun is very curious, who is running this newspaper.

Miscellaneous newspapers can be described as a jumble of fish and dragons. Each pen is publishing all kinds of strange editorials with their own thoughts.

When Liu Sandao found Minbao, Minbao did not seek meritorious service, but reported according to the facts, which is commendable.

"Jiao Hong and his teacher Geng directed the organization." Zhang Juzheng bowed his head and said, miscellaneous newspapers are an important means of arousing public opinion and public opinion, Zhang Juzheng must pay close attention to who is behind the scenes, he has already seen clearly.

And this public newspaper was organized by Geng Dingxiang and Jiao Hong.

"It's Jiao Hong who offended Sun Jigao last time in Yanxing Building and almost failed to sign up for the exam?" Zhu Yijun was deeply impressed by Jiao Hong. This student was fighting against Confucian scholars in Nanjing Chongzheng Academy, and even worse when he came to Beijing Normal University. He scolded Sun Jigao directly.

Sun Jigao, the number one scholar, is always being scolded.

"Exactly." Zhang Juzheng replied.

If you enter, you will not be able to protect your family, but if you leave, you will be invincible to foreign patients. The country will always perish. People are like this, family is like this, and the country is like this. People are born in sorrow and die in peace. Zhang Juzheng is very pleased to see Minbao, Jiao Hong, Seeing the standards pursued by Minbao, those who do it must be faithful and report according to the facts.

This is really rare.

Sun Jigao, as the number one scholar in the past, has a very wide network of contacts in Shilin. If Jiao Hong offends the abbot, he will definitely not be able to worship Buddha.

But Jiao Hong is now under the Quan Chu Guild Hall, so naturally no one dares to make too much trouble.

"Sun Jigao didn't publish a miscellaneous newspaper?" Zhu Yijun asked curiously.

"It's done." Zhang Juzheng said indescribably. As the ancient tomb sect of the retro sect, how could it be possible that Sun Jigao didn't run miscellaneous newspapers?

"How's it going?" Zhu Yijun asked about Sun Jigao's miscellaneous newspapers as he walked towards Jiuzhe Bridge.

"It's not enough to make ends meet. In December last year, they announced their closure and closed their doors. Their old-fashioned theory is actually widely sought after in scholastic circles, but it's somewhat boring. There are few people who buy it, and they only rely on their own support. , and you lose money.”

"This matter has something to do with worsted woolen." Zhang Juzheng explained the logic behind it.

In fact, Sun Jigao's miscellaneous newspapers could have been maintained, as long as the powerful people behind Sun Jigao kept giving money, but recently the attention of the powerful people has turned to worsted wool, so it is natural for Sun Jigao If the cooking is broken, there is no way to continue, so I can only stop.

"Is the dog food out?" Zhu Yijun asked after a moment of thought.

Zhang Juzheng said with a smile: "The dog food is out."

It was the second time the term "dog food" appeared. The first time was when talking about Guozijian's opposition to arithmetic. Zhang Juzheng was no stranger to His Majesty's precise and interesting words.

"It's a good thing he didn't fart, otherwise I would have personally taken his dog's head." Zhu Yijun flicked his sleeves. Daming has some bottom lines that cannot be touched. If Sun Jigao makes up a rhetoric similar to that of Japanese pirates, then Zhu Yijun can only do it himself. Cleaned up the moths.

Looking at His Majesty's back, Zhang Juzheng just shook his head, His Majesty is not joking, he can really do it.

He was a little distracted, thinking about the problems after returning to power.

His Majesty is already 15 years old, and he will reach the age of taking office next year when he gets married. He has already seriously considered the issue of retirement, but it seems that he cannot.

It's not that he wants to be a regency, but that the Ming Dynasty still needs him.

What will His Majesty do after taking office?
There will be a big cleaning.

This is something that Zhang Juzheng could have expected, His Majesty's determination to inspire Daming is far greater than he imagined!
His majesty's stinginess is only aimed at extravagance. When it's time to sell, 50 taels of silver will be rewarded to the craftsmen to improve their craftsmanship. When Zhu Zaiyu doesn't want it, the emperor chooses to add money. Zhu Zaiyu, the 50 real money still needs to be smashed.

This is just a trivial matter. After His Majesty takes power, he will definitely launch a round of bloody purges against the retro factions who oppose the New Deal, especially the Ancient Tomb Sect. There is no doubt that the result of anyone blocking the New Deal is physical death. .

This is His Majesty's determination. Chen Youren, a nonsense person who slandered Daming's Beijing camp and Qi Jiguang, the emperor chose to kill people himself. This is the choice of the Ming emperor.

So Zhang Juzheng can't retreat, if he retreats, the world will enter a state of high pressure.

Just like a person needs a haircut or nail trim, a large and bloated personnel structure will inevitably be selectively optimized, but in the process of optimization, it is impossible to chop off feet, hands, and heads. head.

Tan Lun's radicalism is like beheading his head, but His Majesty's radicalism can easily become a situation where his hands are hurting and beheading due to the development of the situation.

Once some things started, they would not be under the control of anyone, not even the emperor, and eventually lead to a catastrophe that would affect the entire Ming Dynasty.

Zhang Juzheng is very melancholy, the beautiful retirement life is drifting away.

Zhu Yijun had another meal at the imperial teacher's house, and talked in detail about the examination. The imperial examination held every three years in Ming Dynasty will soon be admitted to the hospital. This is the selection of talents.

"Sir, do you want to add an additional paper on mathematics? Whether you do well or not in the test does not affect the title of the gold list, it can be regarded as a try." Zhu Yijun said tentatively. The quality of mathematics can judge a person's logical thinking. Zhu Yijun intends to Find some capable people to come out, farming, coal mining, clearing the property, returning the land, collecting taxes, etc. all need talents who can learn mathematics.

"Your Majesty thinks it's good." Zhang Juzheng shook out his sleeve and took out a math test paper. He was actually hesitating, but since His Majesty said it, he just added it to the examination.

There are [-] questions in total, [-] points, and [-] points for one question, according to the steps.

The additional volume does not affect the title of the gold list, but it affects the image of the student in the emperor's mind. The emperor's sideways attention and esteem, for a courtier, is a long way to go.

For Jinshi, the imperial examination is not the end, but the beginning.

Zhu Yijun asked Zhang Hong to bring over a set of additional volumes and said with a smile, "I have one too, sir, have a look?"

Zhu Yijun is reviewing the test papers issued by Zhang Juzheng, and Zhang Juzheng is reading the test papers issued by the emperor.

"Your Majesty, this is too difficult." After reading a few questions, Zhang Juzheng immediately took a breath to ease the climate of the small glacier in Daming. The emperor was too aggressive. His Majesty's set of papers appeared in the examination room, even if it was not four thousand. Juren, 500 people got zero points.

"Isn't this very simple?" Zhu Yijun said confidently, "It's at the level of Bypass Hall. There are at most two questions at the level of Mingli Hall. Why is it so difficult?"

"Sir, this set of questions is really too simple. I, a kid, can do it. If I use it to take the exam, isn't it a pity that I don't want to study mathematics?"

Zhang Juzheng understands, His Majesty is fully aware of the difficulty of his test paper, just to embarrass people, Zhang Juzheng recognizes His Majesty's skill in humiliating people, and in the future, it will be judged that most of the students in the subject of the fifth year of Wanli, got zero points in the math test, I'm afraid It is to be laughed at for thousands of years.

"I thought I would use my method." Looking at Zhang Juzheng's expression, Zhu Yijun knew that Mr. Zhang had already understood his purpose, so he didn't hide it anymore. He just made it clear that he wanted to humiliate the lowly Confucian scholars, not to defy the court. Mingzhi, are you unwilling to learn arithmetic?Either don't take part in the imperial examination, don't have ambitions for power, or just obey the imperial government's decree and implement it conscientiously.

This is Zhu Yijun's purpose.

"Your Majesty is holy." Zhang Juzheng chose to agree. It doesn't matter how difficult the exam is. He can select a group of courtiers who follow the imperial government's decree, and because it doesn't affect the title of the gold list, so even if the educational resources are poor. Can have a more fair examination environment.

Satisfied with food and wine, Zhu Yijun left the Quanchu Guild Hall, and continued to tinker with his reciprocating steam engine.

Before the test, Zhu Yijun fiddled with a strange machine, a heat engine, or a Stirling engine.

It has a total of two cylinders, one with a hot chamber and the other with a cold chamber.

Zhu Yijun lit the oil lamp, the hot chamber began to heat up, the air in the hot chamber expanded and pushed the piston, and the piston pushed the connecting rod to rotate. When the connecting rod rotated, it drove the cold chamber piston to compress, pushing the cooled air into the hot chamber, and so on. back and forth.

The structure of this thing is extremely simple, and the water in which the cold chamber is soaked in water cools.

The higher the temperature difference between the hot chamber and the cold chamber, the faster the speed. Bingzhanju also specially used a hollow design. The cylinder at the cold end is irregular and cast by the lost wax method. There are many holes in it, and water can enter and exit. , specifically for cooling the cold chamber temperature.

The hot air machine turned, and it turned very fast, but it was still not practical, it was just a toy.

If you want the application of the heat engine in the engineering field, it is better to wait for the steam turbine invented by Zhu Zaiyu to be reliable in engineering. Although Zhu Zaiyu's steam turbine has various shortcomings, it is better than the heat engine made by Zhu Yijun. many.

The sealing requirements of the heat engine are much higher than those of the reciprocating steam engine and steam turbine, otherwise the gas responsible for the work will be gradually lost during the heating process, and finally shut down.

Sealing and lubrication are a pair of contradictions. If you emphasize sealing, you cannot emphasize lubrication. If you emphasize lubrication, you can emphasize sealing. However, both sealing and lubrication are emphasized in the heat engine, which makes it difficult to apply the heat engine.

Zhu Yijun put out the oil lamp and continued to study his reciprocating steam engine.

Zhu Yijun was tinkering with the reciprocating steam engine, while Wang Qian, Zhang Siwen, Jiao Hong, Gu Xiancheng and others came to the gate of the Gongyuan and entered the Gongyuan to prepare for the exam. They were full of confidence.

When the new year was approaching last year, Shuntian Mansion would become lively. Apart from the celebration of the Chinese New Year, the students who entered Beijing to rush for the exam came to Beijing one after another to take part in the five-year Wanli exam. If you have already entered Beijing, you will basically go outside the Meridian Gate to see the lights of Aoshan.

The five parties of the capital gather together, and each township has a guild hall.

Students coming to Beijing for the exam will live in the guild hall, except for the big households with houses in Beijing, because during this time, the price of the inn will rise sharply, and there is no official house in the imperial court. The guild halls, Quanchu, Quanjin, and Quanzhe guilds came into being in this way, and it became a matter of course for fellow villagers to form cliques mainly based on regions.

Juren is very busy when entering Beijing. He has to visit relatives and friends, submit famous invitations to visit celebrities and scholars, and participate in various poetry gatherings. If it is Chinese style, he is a classmate. Unavoidable human relations.

Some juren even took the letter from the local teacher and found a celebrity in the DPRK to join him. This kind of participation is beneficial to both parties.

On the seventh day of February, the Emperor Ming ordered the appointment of chief examiners. This year's presidents are Lu Tiaoyang and Shen Shixing, and eighteen fellow examiners are appointed. Next, there will be a little advantage.

This advantage is the public opinion of the examiners. For example, most of the same examiners this year are Jinshi in the fifth year of Longqing. They are all under Zhang Juzheng's sect. He was dismissed, but if he grasped the wind and public opinion, he could grasp the wind direction of the exam.

On the eighth day of February, I started to enter the Gongyuan, and on the morning of the ninth day of February, I had the first exam, three four-book essays and four five-scripture essays;

On the twelfth day of the second month, the second session of the exam is about discussion, imperial edicts, and verdicts. Discussion is to discuss the interpretation and discussion of the topics given out; , Song Biao, judgments, comments on official documents submitted by subordinates;

On the day of February [-]th, it was the third round of the test, and the test question was to do reading comprehension for a piece of material.

The first scene is the most important. There are seven articles in total. They are all written in stereotyped essays. They are difficult to understand. The reason for the difficulty is that there is no logic. Some words and sentences are difficult to grasp their meaning. In the words of a student of the Ming Dynasty, This thing is empty and useless. It has nothing to do with political affairs and is of no use at all.

Before the Chenghua period, eight-legged essays were not used in the imperial examinations of the Ming Dynasty. If you look at the papers of the champions of the past dynasties, you will find that the essays written by the champions in the early Ming Dynasty were not so obscure. After the Chenghua period, stereotyped essays became Set the formula.

Wang Qian, Zhang Siwen, Jiao Hong, Gu Xiancheng and others handed in the questionnaire, thinking that they had finished the exam, but another paper was sent out.

"It's arithmetic!" Gu Xiancheng looked at the rolled noodles, feeling dizzy for a while.

Everyone was guessing that Mathematics would definitely be included in the imperial examinations, but they did not expect that the examinations would start directly without any notice in the fifth year of Wanli.

Gu Xiancheng felt dizzy for a while. His mathematics was extremely bad. If he took the mathematics test, he would definitely fail. When he checked the mathematics test paper disheartened, the above line of words rekindled Gu Xiancheng's hope.

Additional mathematics papers will be announced after the examination.

This means that not answering the math papers will not affect the number of Jinshi in the imperial examination this year. This rekindled Gu Xiancheng's hope. When he began to answer the questions with great interest, he realized the horror of these test questions.

One will not.

Dushutang, Bypasstang, Minglitang, and Guozijian, these three math schools, are three-level teaching schools established under the national policy of bypassing degrees. In the test papers, they all start with the difficulty of bypassing.

Gu Xiancheng had never studied arithmetic, so it was strange for him to know how to do it, so he wrote a whole bunch of nonsense, and handed in the paper hastily.

Zhang Siwen and Jiao Hong are good friends, both of them are very passionate about arithmetic, discussing the solutions to the last two problems, while Wang Qian was all smiles, thankfully he didn't listen to his father, bought textbooks from Huangzhuang, studied Math, otherwise this time, I'm afraid it will be embarrassing.

It is true that the additional papers do not affect Jinshi, but the additional papers affect the emperor's attitude towards this student.

How many Jinshi can only see the emperor once in the palace examination for a lifetime. If the emperor is a little lazy, he may not even see the emperor for the rest of his life. At such a critical moment, Wang Qian is very thankful that his arithmetic is not bad.

Gu Xiancheng wanted to say hello to Wang Qian, but Wang Qian didn't look at Gu Xiancheng at all, he just got into his car and left the palace.

Wang Qian opened the car window, and when Zhang Siwen and Jiao Hong were happily discussing the exam, he sighed heavily and closed the car window.

He is very envious of Zhang Siwen and Jiao Hong's friendship, Zhang Siwen doesn't plan to go into politics, he wants to enter the Royal Gewu Academy after being a Jinshi, and Jiao Hong even wants to go to Gouji Institute.

Wang Qian knew that he was a worldly mortal, so he didn't join in the fun.

　It is not difficult to turn a heat engine or a Stirling engine, but it is difficult to control the speed and power, etc. Boiling water converts chemical energy into heat energy, the medium is water, and the medium of a heat engine is gas, which also needs to be converted for thermal energy.Ask for a monthly ticket, woo! ! ! ! ! !

　　
　
(End of this chapter)