I'm really not doing business

Chapter 461: The government and factory groups are bound to fail when trying to create a law!
The system, or rules, has never been about how the emperor Zhu Yijun slaps his forehead and does whatever he wants. At the beginning of the system design, it must be considered that it can be accepted by the majority of people.

After the death of Tang Gaozong Li Zhi, Wu Zetian came to rule the dynasty and finally ascended the throne and proclaimed himself emperor, becoming the only female emperor in the history of the Central Plains. When Wu Zetian wanted to find an heir, Wu Zetian could not pass the throne to Wu Sansi because Wu Sansi was only Wu Zetian's The nephew, who has his own parents, will not kowtow to Wu Zetian during sacrifices. Wu Zetian also cannot pass the throne to Princess Taiping, whether she wants to or not.

During the Shenlong Coup, Prince Li Xian, Prime Ministers Zhang Jianzhi, Cui Xuanwei and other ministers led their troops to launch a mutiny. Lintai Supervisor Zhang Yizhi, Secretary Servant Zhang Changzong and other direct descendants of Wu Zetian were killed. The Prince's soldiers surrounded the Jixian Palace in Ziwei City. Wu Zetian was forced to abdicate. The next day, Prince Li Xian supervised the country. On the third day, he abdicated. On the fourth day, Li Xian succeeded to the throne and became emperor. The country was restored to the Tang Dynasty.

In the same year, Wu Zetian passed away. Instead of being called the emperor, she was called the Great Sage Queen Zetian. As a queen, she was buried in the Qianling Mausoleum and was buried with Li Zhi.

Whether Wu Zetian wanted to or not, she couldn't let Wu Sansi or Princess Taiping succeed to the throne. It was impossible. If she was willing to be decent, everyone would be decent. If she didn't want to be decent, naturally someone would help her to be decent.

The formulation of rules requires violence, and violence is not just the army, but also gunpowder, steel, silver coins, theories and human hearts.

Zhu Yijun had some expectations for the emergence of the Songjiang School. The Ming Dynasty was in an era of drastic changes, and ideological speculation was particularly important. Only when a hundred flowers bloom can a hundred schools of thought contend, and the Ming Dynasty can go further and more steadily.

For example, is it possible for the freedom advocated by the Songjiang School to break the deep-rooted personal attachment of the Ming Dynasty?

That is to say, in Wang Chonggu's "Please Equalize the Fields", regarding the issue of hiding in Ding, the reason why the rural sages and gentry of the Ming Dynasty were able to hide in Ding was entirely because of strong personal dependence, which made these carnivores become Slave owners, and producers must become slaves because of the means of production.

This is Zhu Yijun’s greatest expectation for the liberal doctrine of Songjiang School.

"The second reason is rigidity and bloat. This is inevitable. A few days ago, the governor found out that the Songjiang Shipyard had vacancies, and there were a lot of people!"

"If income is less than expenditure, debt will inevitably arise. Debt will continue to expand. When the world is in debt, what should we do?"

Yao Guangqi put forward his own refutation of Lin Fucheng's point of view. He borrowed the emperor's words that any beautiful country established in fantasy will often lead people to the abyss astray in reality.

Corruption, bloat, rigidity, ineffective investment, and year-on-year decline in return on assets are all unavoidable problems in the rule of law.

"The imperial court's asset returns will decrease year after year, and at an extremely rapid rate."

Zhu Yijun's sentence is actually a criticism of Confucianism, criticism of pragmatism, criticism of talking about one's heart and mind, completely ignoring the actual practice, especially blindly emphasizing the importance of morality while ignoring production relations and distribution.

Lin Fucheng had been frustrated for a day and finally won back on this issue.

"The industries His Majesty has invested in before, such as shipbuilding and weaving, are all profitable, but not all businesses have such generous returns."

Zhu Yijun clapped his hands. Lin Fucheng's words still made some sense. Zhu Yijun also understood why Shen Shixing petitioned to put part of the investment in sea opening into the trading house, and the risks needed to be allocated downwards.

He found that when discussing this matter academically, one still had to put it into practice. To be honest, the other party's rebuttal was just sophistry. This was the dilemma of the imperial court, and it could not be changed by setting up a moral role model like Hai Rui.

Yao Guangqi came from a powerful and powerful family, and he felt the pain of Zhang Siwei back then. Zhang Siwei was a scholar-bureaucrat who had no calculation, and 70% of his family's money was eaten up by his subordinates. The Yao family was slightly better, but Yao Changzhen was an abandoned Confucian. After many years of business, 55% of this was taken away.

"When the income is greater than the expenditure, the court can still maintain it. If the income is less than the expenditure, how can the court maintain it? It can only be filled with taxes. In the end, the hole cannot be filled, and it can only be maintained. This is not going round and round and going back to the past. ?"

Lin Fucheng narrowed his eyes slightly and looked at Yao Guangqi. The capital is really a place of crouching tigers, hidden dragons! These people from a privileged family actually devoted themselves to studying instead of being a playboy. Every word of his speech focused on Lin Fucheng's weakness.

"Then let me ask you." Lin Fucheng began to fight back. He looked at Yao Guangqi and said, "Is the court's brutal interference completely free of charge?"

"The imperial court's investment has many shortcomings, and the most critical one is that it is rigid. Because the goods produced increase and the demand is met, the price will inevitably drop, and the return on assets will only become smaller and smaller. However, the rigid government makes it difficult for the ship to turn around. And bloated and redundant staff will bring high costs, reduce the return on assets, and increase costs. The income of the imperial government factory will definitely be less than the expenditure! "

"It's strange that the Qing Dynasty can still survive, but it will be impossible to maintain after the Qing Dynasty." Yao Guangqi said helplessly: "My father was preparing to Qing Dynasty, so he tried it first in a silk and satin shop. As a result, the shopkeeper, the accountant's relatives and friends all They avoided elimination, but the people who did the work were driven away.”

Lin Fucheng smiled, looked at Yao Guangqi and nodded and said: "The craftsmen, land, construction of workshops, remuneration of craftsmen, rewards for technological progress, shipbuilding, cotton spinning, woolen fabrics, foundries, coal kilns, etc. built by the official factory group, which... Xiang, you don’t want the same amount of silver as the sea? No matter what you do, the court has to pay a huge amount of silver. In only nine years of Wanli, your Majesty invested 3712 million silver in the maritime affairs, and your Majesty took out 1500 million silver from the internal funds. many."

"That's a good question." Lin Fucheng said with a red face: "The first reason is that the court's investment cannot be fully implemented. Most of the money from top to bottom will be lost to corruption! You are not young. Lang, this is very clear when I think about it, this is the reality!”

Yao Guangqi even more praised the practice theory that the emperor learned from Mr. Zhang. Mr. Zhang’s virtue is different from others. He is also a follow-up official who pays attention to results.

"The court's excessive intervention requires a huge amount of investment. If taxes cannot satisfy it, it will inevitably borrow money from the private sector. Whenever this borrowed money passes through one hand, it will definitely get the oil from another! The huge investment of the court, to say the least, It is comforting to see half of it implemented. Then, due to the input, the output of goods will inevitably increase, then the demand will decrease, the price will decrease, and the return received by the court will inevitably decrease. "

There is corruption in government factories, but there is no corruption in private factories? Could it be that the greed in human nature is only reflected in official factories, and in private factories, the greed of human nature immediately turns into a moral saint?
"It's bloated and rigid. After my father checked the accounts, he was so angry that he couldn't sleep all night long. He planned to clean up all the moths in the family business. But before he even started, he found that it couldn't be done. Master Lin, you Your knowledge is good, but you are not powerful and do not understand our pain at all." Yao Guangqi looked pained.

However, this method has been practiced by the Ming Dynasty, and it is of no use. During the Jiajing period, Dao Ye claimed to be Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty. He lived in the ninth level and ruled by doing nothing. For twenty-five years in a row, the Ming Dynasty did not get better at all. Instead, it became a A dilapidated house with air leakage everywhere will break down with just a kick.

"What is the essence of the ticket? In fact, it is also the debt of the court to the private sector. The ship ticket is a loan from the private sector, so that the cost of the sailing ship can be recovered earlier and further investment can be made."

Yao Guangqi frowned and nodded and said, "I agree."

"The third reason is ineffective investment. The imperial court is the largest collective in the Ming Dynasty. It is a public institution, so it needs to build water conservancy projects, build bridges and pave roads, build schools, and support teachers. The imperial court's social studies, county schools, and government schools, The Imperial College does not make money, but hopes to cultivate talents. However, some time ago, the boat masters trained by Songjiang Maritime Academy caused an uproar because the imperial court wanted to open more schools and expand enrollment. "

The ideal country of Confucianism is a world of great harmony. If everyone cultivates virtue, then the world can be harmonious. According to this idea, the feudal system of counties and counties in the Ming Dynasty is gradually entering a dead end. The ethics and ethics are becoming more and more strict, and people are strictly bound by the ethics and ethics. , Confucianism’s imaginary utopia based on the inherent goodness of human nature is leading the Ming Dynasty into the abyss of error.

"Corruption in Minfang is even more serious. After all, the imperial court still has the Metropolitan Procuratorate, the Governor, and the Beizhen Fusi. What does Minfang have?"

This approach is a bit like the Taoist approach of governing by doing nothing.

"What is the essence of bloated and redundant staff? It is nepotism and appeasement. These worms are protected by someone, and the sword of Qing Dynasty cannot cut them at all!"

"If there is a problem in the official factory, then there will be no problem in the private factory?" Yao Guangqi immediately said dissatisfied: "Just the day before yesterday, my father Yao Changzhen did an inventory of the family business. He felt something was wrong everywhere, so he had to ask grandpa to sue grandma. Send the accounting office to the accounting room under the Royal Gewuyuan, okay, this accounting doesn’t matter, our family earns 300,000 taels of silver, and our family’s top shopkeeper, shopkeeper, accountant, and boss will all earn 400,000 from us!”

"Of course." Yao Guangqi was stunned and immediately replied.

"I can conclude here that the government-run group will definitely fail if they try to create a law!"

Especially the rate of return on assets. The returns on the assets invested by the imperial court have been declining rapidly over the years. The demand has been met, but the supply is still sufficient, so prices will inevitably fall, and bloated and redundant personnel will further exacerbate this problem.

As Lin Fucheng said, the government-factory alliance will inevitably come to an end.

Zhu Yijun immediately said: "Master Lin, why do you conclude that the income of the imperial court will definitely be less than its expenditure?"

Lin Fucheng stood up slowly, held his hands and said: "The imperial court's excessive intervention will inevitably lead to an extremely serious problem. The imperial court will have to pay huge expenses! This expenditure is not necessarily repayable, and the imperial court does not have that much money. Yan Xinglou Trading Company is about to launch something new, and Suiyuan Chidao and Suiyuan Mining are the ironclad proof!”

"Ugh."

"Investment is business, and what you get is reward. There are always profits and losses in business. Do you agree with this?"

Lin Fucheng's family was not well-off, at most, he was from a middle-class family. Obviously, he did not understand the pain points of a powerful family so clearly. He asked doubtfully: "Why can't we eliminate people from your family? Why can’t Tai do it?”

Lin Fucheng believes that the court does not need to interfere. After complete freedom, they will find a way out. For example, if there is a lack of tung oil in the market, someone will naturally plant it to fill the gap. If the Ming Dynasty lacks silver, someone will naturally go to sea to find it. Because the supply and demand are there, as long as If there is demand, someone will find a way to supply it. Driven by interests, there will be no gaps. Under freedom, everything will be perfect. The interference of the court will deform the market.

Similarly, this kind of criticism also applies to Lin Fucheng's liberal school.

Yao Guangqi's words aroused the recognition of everyone present. Ever since the account books of Zhang Siwei's family were audited by the royal accountant, it has become a specialized business. Many powerful families have begged their grandfather to sue their grandmother to send the account books to them. The accounting office under the Imperial Academy of Sciences has looked at its own problems. Since the implementation of the six-book-one-account accounting method for income and expenditure, it has solved its accounting problems.

But for more serious problems, the court did not provide a solution, which is a pain for everyone.

Elimination and layoffs will definitely lead to the dilemma of cutting off major arteries. The reason why people who don’t do anything will become worms is because there are people above them. Layoffs cannot eliminate the worms at all. On the contrary, the more cuts are made, the more inefficient and bloated the company becomes.

This is an inextricable knot.

"The imperial court wants to purge us, and we will behead if we ask for it. If the private lynching is discovered, we all have to have our heads removed by His Majesty. It's really, wow!" Wu Shizhang, the Wu clan of Wenshui, said sadly.

This problem is particularly serious and the most difficult among the Shanxi merchants. Going to the border to do business is more dangerous than going to the sea to do business. When doing business with your head in your belt, you will be called boss to give you face. If you don’t give face, just call you boss. Cover your face, rob people and goods together, and then talk about it. "Then since the moths were brought in by the big shopkeepers and shopkeepers, why not start directly from the source?" Lin Fucheng felt that these powerful forces were a bit hard to think about. Since he knew where the problem was, he just took action directly.

Sun Kehong's son Sun Baoren was extremely handsome. When he heard Lin Fucheng's question, he immediately sneered and said, "When Master Lin's feet hurt, why didn't he chop off his own hands and feet?"

"Hahaha!" Wang Qian laughed forward and backward, immediately causing everyone to burst into laughter.

"Well, then, private shops can close down, but can official factories? Official factories belong to the imperial court!" Lin Fucheng blushed with laughter. He clenched his fists and said loudly: "If private shops can no longer operate, they can close down. Reopening at the right time is the advantage of freedom. Official factories can only find ways to maintain it. This is the fundamental difference!"

If the official factory of the imperial court is closed, it will be a loss of face for the imperial court. The imperial court cannot close its doors.

"Relationships are not your business." Yao Guangqi chose to sit down. As long as he can continue to operate, he will continue to work even if he sometimes loses money. As long as the industry is still there, hope is still there. After closing the door, there is no hope at all.

Lin Fucheng is a Confucian master, everyone admits this, but when it comes to doing business, the Zheshe households here have a better understanding.

Corruption and overstaffing are caused by big shopkeepers. If the boss directly eliminates the big shopkeepers, not only will it not solve the problem, it will often make the situation worse.

This is also the reason why Zheshe households in Xitucheng and merchants in northwest Shanxi are so eager for ship tickets and even rob the emperor's national debt. The interest on national debt is thin but stable. Those headaches are left to the wise majesty. You can just lie down and make money, the beauties in the brothel are really fragrant.

"Actually, the imperial factories can also be closed." Zhu Yijun took a sip of water. As soon as he opened his mouth, Qingquan Courtyard finally became quiet. This young master Huang had a bad temper and liked to take action.

Zhu Yijun sighed and said: "During the Yongle period, in order to sail to the Western Ocean, Emperor Cheng Zuwen established a total of twenty-seven shipyards, even in Jilin. Speaking of Jilin shipyards, I am afraid not many people know about it. Our Ming Dynasty now only has There were only five government-run shipyards. After Xuande, there were no more voyages to the West. The shipyards began to be closed down, the craftsmen were sent home, and the shipyards were abandoned. "

Wan Shihe studied where the shipyards and ships went after the Ming Dynasty stopped sailing to the West, and got an answer. The ships rotted quietly on their berths and slowly sank in the rivers and seawater, while the shipyards Abandoned, covered in weeds and slowly turning into wasteland.

At that time, the Ming Dynasty was not short of money, and Ming Dynasty also had a maritime ban. All of these shipyards were abandoned. Only the Longjiang Shipyard outside Nanjing was reactivated because during the Jiajing period, it was necessary to build sealing ships and go to Ryukyu to enthrone the Ryukyu King.

"There is still this ineffective investment. Is it really ineffective? There are no talents, who will do the work for us? Let's disperse." Wu Huairen, the Wu family of Dongting, stood up and left the scene directly. His family was a maritime businessman and there was no maritime school. They Not even a boat master is needed! Because there is none!
Why did the Sun family of Songjiang excel in maritime trade and leave others behind? Not only did they donate 1.2 million silver to the Maritime Academy, everyone at the Maritime Academy gave Sun face. In those maritime schools, they recommended accomplished navigators to Songjiang Ocean Trading Company. This was incense.

Is invalid investment really invalid? It has been nine years since the sea was opened. The construction of water conservancy projects, thoroughfares, ditches, bridges and roads may seem like a thankless effort, but everyone is a beneficiary.

The imperial court's investment regardless of cost, especially the ineffective investment that is scorned by free people, is a long-chain, great cause that benefits everyone, while private investment is just a short-chain business that benefits very little.

How many people are supported by the five shipyards upstream and downstream, and how many potential Haoyou will benefit from the opening of the sea in Wanli?

It is reasonable and necessary for the court to invest in these long-chain industries that benefit the public. If we really follow the views of the Songjiang School, the court will no longer invest. Who will do these thankless things?

It is illusory to not discuss reality and only discuss the beautiful country established in fantasy. The free city in the corner of the West is just a construct of liberals with their mouths, not reality.

After Wu Huairen stood up and left, most people left intermittently. Lin Fucheng's lectures undoubtedly failed.

"Why are they all gone? Why do I think what Master Lin said is very reasonable." Zhu Yijun looked around and found that there was really no one there. There was only Wang Qian at his table. The emperor didn't leave. How dare Wang Qian move?

"What is most valuable in a gentleman is that he can be inclusive and draw on the strengths of others. Grandpa Huang is really generous!" Wang Qian had to admit that His Majesty is really very generous. His Majesty still thinks that such rebellious remarks make some sense!
"The teacher taught me, he said, anyone who is in an honorable position must treat his subordinates respectfully, obey his rules and regulations, open the door to others, and stay quiet to borrow them. Those who admonish should not use authority, do not limit their words, and learn from them. Ci is a good choice, and it is the way for a wise man to govern." Zhu Yijun waved his hand, but he must retaliate.

This remark is not original to Zhang Juzheng. It was said by Liu Xiang, a clan member of the Han Dynasty. It means that superiors must respect their subordinates and listen to what others say. They must listen to both good and bad words. They cannot just pick out the good ones. This is Don't keep your mouth shut. Don't always put on the air of "I am more noble than you" and tell others to shut up. Only when there are more people talking, learning from everyone's strengths and widely accepting everyone's opinions, and choosing to act on them, is the path of a wise person. .

If you are stupid, it is better to follow the script, otherwise you will be deceived.

After understanding the basic logic of social operation, being able to distinguish right from wrong is the best way.

"Master Lin, we have a few things that we don't understand. Can we talk about it?" Zhu Yijun is still very interested in this liberal school. At least it is not completely the sophistry of a Confucian scholar who ignores the facts.

Lin Fucheng saw that there was only one person left, and his face had mixed emotions. He felt lonely, but also a little relieved. The lonely thing was that everyone was gone, but the happy thing was that there was still one person left.

"Master, do you have any concerns?" Lin Fucheng came over and sat down directly without so much red tape. With this action, Tishuai Zhao Mengyou almost pulled out his sword.

Zhu Yijun immediately asked: "Master, why do you think that the government-factory alliance will inevitably fail, and why do you still say so confidently?"

"The official factory tuanzao was just another military garrison. Wang Chonggu was just a sycophant. How could he have done anything pioneering? The official factory tuanzao that originated from the woolen cloth official factory was not the military garrison in the early days of the People's Republic of China. When Emperor Taizu Gao was here, the military garrison was fine. After Emperor Taizu Gao left, Emperor Chengzuwen maintained it no matter what, but in the end the military garrison was completely ruined." Lin Fucheng answered this clearly. question.

There is almost no difference between the official factory tuanzao and the military garrison in the early days of the Republic of China. The only difference is that one places gangsters as craftsmen, and the other places gangsters as guards. They both provide treatment and production materials, which are provided by the official factory. It is a stable remuneration for labor, and what the military garrison gives is land. There are crafts schools in government factories and regiments, and there are also health and social studies in military garrison stations.

Zhu Yijun thought for a moment and shook his head and said: "It's still different. The means of production of the military garrison are acres, while the means of production of the official factory group is the official factory itself. The output of the acres is the right time and place. With three-point management and five-point fertilizer, it is difficult to make a big breakthrough, but Guan Factory is different, and Guan Factory is constantly making technological progress.”

"What you said makes sense." Lin Fucheng frowned. The land is affected by the right time, place and people, and it is difficult to make breakthroughs in the land's output. However, the production method of the official factory has its upper limit with the continuous advancement of technology. There is indeed an end that cannot be seen. upper limit.

"Look, this Xishan Coal Bureau only produced 5.6 million jins of coal in the second year of Wanli. Now it is at least 5.6 million jins a year. million jins of coal cannot even meet the needs of the tens of thousands of people in the capital, but million jins of coal is A steady stream of ironware can supply some of the ironware in Gyeonggi, Xuanfu, Datong, Shandong, and Liaodong." Zhu Yijun gave an example to support his point of view.

He pointed to Wang Qian next to him and said: "Wang Cifu's son Wang Qian, you will know if what we said is right or wrong if you ask him."

Lin Fucheng fell into silence. What this young man said made sense.

Zhu Yijun and Lin Fucheng chatted for an hour and gained a lot.

Zhu Yijun got into the car and said to Feng Bao: "That "Xiaoyao Yiwen" run by Lin Fucheng sent a copy of every issue to the imperial court. He still has something."

Through private communication between Zhu Yijun and Master Lin, he clearly understood the origin of the Songjiang School, which was the imaginary Free City of Western Europe. The real Free City of Western Europe was nothing more than a pirate den, and the emperor also knew the foundation of the Songjiang School, which was Why did Nanya's powerful powerful people support the spread of the Songjiang School?

There is a reason why Wang Chonggu's book "Requesting the Equalization of Fields" was scolded to the point where he had to avoid becoming an official.

The fundamental reason why the Songjiang School was supported was what Wang Chonggu said was the hidden Ding. To be more precise, the strong personal dependence relationship in the past had become precarious due to the census of Dingkou and the government-factory alliance.

The ineffective investment that Lin Fucheng talks so much about is gradually dismantling the production relationship between slaves and slave owners in the past.

There is a lot of ineffective investment in the government-manufactured factories, such as crafts schools, and weaving schools for girls, and the labor remuneration will be settled. At least to protect the court's face, the craftsmen's labor remuneration may be in arrears, but it will usually be settled at the end of the year. .

Every year, some of the craftsmen go to Huangjimen to see the emperor. Once a craftsman says in His Majesty's ear, "I work hard and don't give me money," then the wrath of thunder will fall from the sky.

Lin Fucheng talked about another point that the Zheshe households could not accept, that is, the Ming Dynasty's living craftsmen worked in official factories and did not have to worry about food, clothing, housing and transportation, and their personnel were in the Ministry of Personnel and the Ministry of Personnel Qingli Department. The punishment and elimination of famous craftsmen must go through the official department.

This leads to a very interesting phenomenon. The Ming Dynasty's live craftsmen are actually not too afraid of meat-eaters such as big bosses, general managers, agents, and general managers, because these meat eaters cannot make the live craftsmen lose their most precious things. -prepared by.

This is simply impossible in a folk workshop. In a folk workshop, a lot of people can make people difficult to death.

What I like most about working is that I have more money and less to do, and I am close to home. In a sense, living as a craftsman has achieved this goal, and in a sense, I have gained freedom.

The treatment of the live-in craftsmen in the official factory group made the craftsmen in the private workshops think about one thing all the time, that is, to find a way to enter the official factory group and become a beneficiary and part of the great resurgence of the Ming Dynasty.

In a nutshell, everything is organized at the end of the universe.

This is a subtle transformation in production relations. The voice of craftsmen in official factories far exceeds that of private factories. This is a deliberate move by the court. The main purpose is to advance the technology of official factories and create countless wonderful ideas. I think craftsmen need to think about solutions during production. The Ming Dynasty's fifth-class merit reward system is also applicable to official factory group manufacturing.

And Wang Chonggu made the census more difficult, and a sharp knife was inserted into the heart of Zheshehu.

Zhang Juzheng returned the land to his father-in-law, and Wang Chonggu conducted a census of Dingkou. They were simply digging up the ancestral graves of the virtuous and powerful gentry in the countryside.

(End of this chapter)