Reborn and become a Great Scientist

Chapter 156 104 Almost Died in the North Sea

Chen Muwu felt that starting from this spring, he basically had no free time.

At the beginning, he originally planned to stop and rest temporarily after finishing the electron diffraction experiment, and give himself a good vacation.

Then, Chen Muwu met Stoner, who was doing experiments on the number of electrons outside the nucleus, next door to the electron diffraction laboratory.

There's no way, you can't let the merit of being delivered to your door, right?He could only accept the Chen Incompatibility Principle with tears in his eyes.

Since we chose to announce the Chern Exclusion Principle to the physics community in our speech at the Solvay Conference, it is not too much to propose that electrons have spin and provide a theoretical explanation for this Incompatibility Principle, right?
Just after that speech was over, Chen Muwu met the cat abuser Schrödinger by chance.

Seeing Schrödinger, he was very afraid that others would come up with the wave equation first, so he could only grit his teeth and figure out the wave equation.

After the preliminary establishment of quantum mechanics and the final publication of papers on matrix mechanics and wave mechanics, Chen Muwu thought that he could finally take a break this time.

As a result, Dirac first came to him and "found" the contradiction between Chen statistics and Chen's exclusion principle before him, and created a Dirac-Chen statistics in quantum statistics.

Immediately afterwards, Einstein sent him another letter, forcing Chen Muwu to propose the uncertainty principle to confront this stubborn old man.

In the nine months of this year, Chen Muwu published more academic achievements than in the whole of last year, even though he wasted more than a month in the middle to prepare for and participate in the Olympic Games.

In these nine months, he has advanced the historical progress of modern physics by three full years.

Whether it is the uncertainty principle, Dirac-Chen statistics, or electron diffraction that finally proves the volatility of electrons, these all appeared in 1927 in the original space-time.

Chen Muwu always felt that there was an invisible hand in the dark, just like the boiling sheep behind Pleasant Goat, always pushing him forward behind his back.

……

Chen Muwu always felt that he was very tired and worked hard, but he didn't know that the theoretical physicists in the world were more tired and worked harder than him because of a few papers.

And the root of all evil is Chen Muwu himself.

Before most people could understand why the wave function in the wave equation is a probability wave, Chen Muwu published a new principle of quantum mechanics in the Annals of Physics.

What the experimenters know about the position of the quantum limits what they know about its velocity at the same time.

Faced with this outrageous remark, the first reaction of most people is that they did not understand it.

But once they read the entire paper and understood what the uncertainty principle is, they realized that the proponent of this principle, Chen Muwu, had gone a step further from matrix mechanics and completely abandoned the existence of electron orbits.

Chen Muwu mentioned the uncertainty principle for the first time in his reply to Einstein, which completely angered the German physicist.

He believes that Chen Muwu not only did not know his way back, but also made progress. His behavior can be regarded as a kind of academic "declaration of war".

Of course, Einstein would not agree with the views put forward by the uncertainty principle. For this reason, he also specially found the reporters of the "Berliner Zeitung" and sent them interview materials: "I did not agree with Bohr's ideas from the very beginning. Therefore, he does not agree that the physical laws he said have different manifestations at the macroscopic and microscopic levels.

"Since physics is definite under macroscopic conditions, it should also be definite under microscopic conditions.

"The uncertainty principle proposed by Chen Muwu just means that human beings cannot accurately predict and measure certain phenomena, not that these natural phenomena are inherently uncertain.

"I'm looking for a deeper law beyond statistical probability to refute his point of view, but it will take some time."

……

One of Chen Muwu's good friends, Dirac, who has always supported various theories proposed by Chen Muwu, also has his own views on the uncertainty principle.

Both of them have moved out of the room on the second floor of Mrs. Brown's house, and the time to see each other has been greatly reduced compared to last year.

But Dirac still found an opportunity, came to the office of Cavendish Laboratory, met with Chen Muwu, and put forward some of his own views to him.

"Chen, the thought experiment you designed in your latest paper is really exquisite, and the derivation inside is indeed very rigorous, but I don't think that what you got can't exist as a principle of physics.

"It may be offensive for me to say these words in the Cavendish laboratory. Although it is always said that physics is a science based on experiments, I believe that physics should be a subject based on mathematics. That's right.

"But the uncertainty principle you proposed is not an equation in mathematics, but just a description of uncertainty. The inequality you proposed may explain some phenomena in physics , but this thing is not clear enough to me, a bit vague."

Unlike Einstein's use of macroscopic classical physics to negate, Dirac took a different approach this time.

Because his undergraduate degree was in the Department of Mathematics, Dirac tried to negate the uncertainty principle in mathematics.

Chen Muwu didn't intend to have an academic quarrel with his friend who is a top student in mathematics in what he is good at.

Instead, he pointed out another way to Dirac: "Paul, I don't have a deep understanding of mathematics, but just yesterday, another mathematics expert came here to talk to me about this matter.

"If you want to exchange physics questions, of course I welcome it, but if you want to elevate this question to the level of mathematics or philosophy, then I advise you to go to the University of Cambridge Observatory and have a chat with Mr. Eddington."

……

The reason why Chen Muwu mentioned Eddington was because the other mathematician he mentioned yesterday who came to him yesterday was the deity of the Director of the Observatory.

Eddington came to Chen Muwu once before, to ask him for authorization to write the matrix and wave theory of quantum mechanics as a popular science article for the public.

Unlike Dirac who visited today, Eddington highly praised Chen Muwu's new uncertainty principle, just as he strongly supported Einstein's special and general relativity in the past.

He even said to Chen Muwu very excitedly yesterday, "The principle of uncertainty is a basic universal principle, and its importance seems to be comparable to that of the principle of relativity."

Chen Muwu never thought that when he agreed to let Eddington write a popular science article on quantum mechanics, he would get such a high evaluation from the latter.

You know, it is also because of the introduction of his popular science articles that Einstein became famous in the English-speaking world.

Eddington has no nostalgia for the era of classical physics, and he even hates the determinism proposed by the French astronomy predecessor El Laplace.

Laplace once imagined a highly intelligent creature called Laplace's demon. He is omniscient and can accurately tell the position and velocity of every object in the universe, so he can predict according to Newton's laws of motion. The trajectory of each object in the universe can be used to infer the history of the entire universe and the future development trend.

Unlike Dirac's "physics is a subject based on mathematics", Eddington believes that mathematics is just a tool to serve physics.

Mathematicians should pay more attention to their responsibilities than to indulge their preference for arithmetic symbols too much.

Chen Muwu introduced Dirac to Eddington, who had a different view than him, and he didn't know who could convince the other in the end.

……

Rutherford is still not interested in the theory put forward by Chen Muwu, but he is also very happy to see his students let the famous physicists in the world suffer.

Never stepping into the laboratory, the daily work is to sit at the desk, use the paper and pen in hand to sit and discuss, is it finally backfired now?

Do electron orbits exist or not?Is the wave function in the wave equation a probability wave?

This problem cannot be solved by merely quarreling in physics journals and newspapers.

If you want to finally prove the correctness of the concept, you still have to go back to the laboratory.

Although the current technological means are still unable to find out what the truth is, the optimistic Rutherford believes that as human technological means become more and more sophisticated, one day, everyone will find the answer to the question.

But at the same time, Rutherford had some worries in his heart, that is, his student Chen Muwu might be more suitable for him to engage in theoretical research than to stay in the Cavendish laboratory for experiments.

……

And Rutherford held the same view, and his other lover, Bohr.

After experiencing the betrayal of his junior brother Chen Muwu on the atomic model, Bohr was indeed depressed for a while.

But with the help of his new assistant Heisenberg, he soon accepted the quantum mechanics proposed by Chen Muwu.

After reading Chen Muwu's latest paper on the uncertainty principle in the "Annals of Physics", Bohr always felt that his viewpoint was very familiar, as if he had seen it somewhere before.

This question troubled Bohr for a day or two, until he found in his study the first reply letter sent to him by Chen Muwu last fall.

Looking at the hand-painted circular pattern on the reply letter, Bohr fell into deep thought.

Love for talents once again appeared in his heart, and he felt that Chen Muwu was really unfathomable. This kind of person can no longer waste his youth in the Cavendish laboratory, and must be dug into the Institute of Theoretical Physics.

However, Bohr thought of his invitation not long ago, which was ruthlessly rejected by Chen Muwu himself. The reason was that he still had a task arranged by Rutherford in the laboratory, and he really couldn't leave.

So he simply found another way this time and wrote the invitation letter to his teacher Rutherford.

……

"Dear teacher:

"After reading several papers by Dr. Chen Muwu recently, I was fascinated by his wit and deep physical insights. His knowledge and understanding of theoretical physics far exceeds that of a typical graduate student, and I believe in his talent And talent will be an important contribution to the field of theoretical physics in the future.

"However, in the Cavendish Laboratory, he was pushed in the direction of the laboratory. Although he also showed outstanding experimental ability, I believe that he should concentrate on studying theoretical physics in depth instead of wasting time on Experimentally. As a teacher and mentor, you must know this too.

"Therefore, I intend to invite Chen Muwu to work at the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark. Our team is doing some challenging and meaningful research, and we believe that his joining will have a positive impact on our research. At the same time , we are also willing to provide him with a good working environment, resources and support to ensure his success.

"I very much hope that Chen Muwu can join our team, carry out meaningful research with us, and make greater progress in the field of theoretical physics.

"Sincere regards,
"Nils Bohr"

After reading the letter on the sofa in Rutherford's office, Chen Muwu carefully raised his head.

He couldn't see any emotion on Rutherford's face, so he couldn't guess what his teacher was thinking.

What did he mean by the letter he showed himself?
Want to ask your opinion on Bohr's re-invitation, or is it just a loyalty test?
But Bohr was so courageous that he dared to directly tell Rutherford in the letter that theory was much more important than experiment.

Seeing that Chen Muwu raised his head, he seemed to have finished reading the letter, so Rutherford opened his mouth and asked his student what he thought.

"After you rejected Niels last time, he actually wrote the invitation letter to me this time.

"However, he was really rude in his letter, saying that doing experiments is a waste of time. It may be true for him. After all, he is Bohr, and like you, he is the best student I have ever taught.

"Chen, have you changed your mind about Bohr's second letter of invitation?"

Chen Muwu rejected Bohr's invitation because he wanted to stay at Cambridge University and wait for the arrival of Zhao Zhongyao and Shi Ruwei.

But today is different. Chen Muwu feels that he can go to Denmark for a trip, which is to put down his work and go to Northern Europe to relax.

Hearing that Rutherford's tone was still as relaxed and happy as usual, Chen Muwu realized that the teacher didn't mean to be angry at all.

He also finally determined that Rutherford was indeed asking him for advice.

So Chen Muwu carefully expressed his true thoughts: "Uh, teacher, if possible, I would like to take a trip to Copenhagen, it's not impossible."

"Well, since you have this wish, it's not good for me to keep you.

"You write an application after you go back, and I'll ask James to walk you through the process according to the business trip procedures."

With an annual budget of [-] pounds, Rutherford also became wealthy.

A year ago, even Rutherford, the director of the Cavendish Laboratory, would only consider a business trip if the meeting party provided round-trip travel expenses.

Fowler is the only one in the entire laboratory who can travel at public expense without any worries.

However, his source of funding is not from the Cavendish Laboratory, but from the Department of Mathematics.

"Thank you teacher."

Rutherford struggled in his heart, then continued: "Chen, I want to know, what do you think about these two things, experiment and theory?"

"If you, like Bohr, feel that theory is more important than experiment, you don't have to leave Cavendish Laboratory to study theory, go to Denmark, stay in Cambridge University, and you can still study theory as you like.

"I can help you apply for the position of Lucas Chair Professor of Mathematics, or in the Cavendish Laboratory, it is not a bad idea to create a new position for you as a professor of theoretical physics."

Lucas Mathematics Professor?
This teaching position is really remarkable, and it can be called the greatest position in the entire University of Cambridge.

It’s not about how powerful this professor is, but because the candidate for the second Lucas Mathematics Professor is one of the greatest physicists in human history, Isaac Newton.

In order to keep Chen Muwu, Rutherford offered such a big bargaining chip.

In his heart, he seemed to be very afraid that Chen Muwu's trip to Denmark would never return, and he would stay there to study physics theories.

He has already lost a Bohr, and he must not let Bohr abduct another theoretical genius.

Chen Muwu also heard the meaning of Rutherford from the words.

He laughed secretly, his teacher was really suspicious.

First of all, he will definitely not leave the embrace of experimental physics so early, after all, there are still so many particles waiting for him to discover.

Secondly, even if he wanted to study theoretical physics, Chen Muwu did not intend to rely on others, not to mention that person was Bohr.

It's okay to be friends with him, but as a subordinate...it's better not to.

Moreover, he was really moved by the conditions promised by Rutherford.

Although I can't meet Newton, but if I can inherit his mantle, isn't it a kind of affirmation of myself?

So he comforted Rutherford: "Teacher, please don't worry, I won't go for too long, probably only about a month or two, and it shouldn't delay the development of the electron microscope too much."

Oh, by the way, and the electron microscope thing.

Rutherford felt that the electron microscope in Chen Muwu's mouth was even more unreliable than the "wolf is coming" in the fairy tale. He didn't know that the finished product could only be seen in the Cavendish laboratory in the year of the monkey.

If it doesn't work, let someone else take care of it.

"That would be great. I'm at Cambridge University, waiting for you to come back for Christmas."

Hearing Chen Muwu's promise, Rutherford finally relaxed a little.

Although he complained about Chen Muwu in his heart because of the electron microscope, there was still a smile on his face.

……

Now that he has decided to leave for Denmark, there are still a lot of odd and small things waiting for Chen Muwu to do before leaving.

The first is "arranging funeral affairs".

He left, but what about the three students under him?
Take it away together, or entrust it to others temporarily?
After some deliberation, Chen Muwu finally decided to keep Zhao Zhongyao and Shi Ruwei, and entrusted them to Kapitsa, who also belonged to the Cavendish Laboratory and Trinity College, and took Oppenheimer to Denmark.

He made this decision not because of partiality.

On the one hand, it is because through further contacts, Chen Muwu learned that Ye Qisun actually let Shi Ruwei, who was supposed to graduate in 1925, graduate a year early in order to send his favorite student abroad.

One year less study time has caused him to be slightly inferior to others in terms of knowledge.

It is more beneficial for two people to stay in Cambridge to learn basic knowledge than to take them to Denmark for sightseeing.

On the other hand, it was because Oppenheimer was too thorny.

Between Oppenheimer and Rutherford, they didn't like each other.

Chen Muwu was afraid that if he left, Oppenheimer, who stayed at Cambridge University, would cause some earth-shaking events.

After confirming the personnel, Chen Muwu took Oppenheimer to London to apply for a visa at the Danish embassy in the UK.

When Zhu Zhaoshen learned that Chen Muwu was going to leave the UK for a two-month business trip to Denmark, he sent a telegram to the Republic of China Legation in Denmark, asking Chargé d'Affaires Xu Zhaoxiong to take good care of him.

After finishing these matters, Chen Muwu left Cambridge University with Oppenheimer.

This time they did not choose to cross the English Channel by boat from Dover, then enter Germany by land from France and then enter Denmark.

Instead, go directly north to Norwich from Cambridgeshire, cross the North Sea by boat from Norwich Port, and arrive at the Danish port city of Helsingoer.

Chen Muwu has crossed the English Channel by boat several times this year, and Chen Muwu has never experienced any discomfort.

So he began to have confidence in his physical condition, and felt that the seasickness he experienced from Tianjiao to Shanghai was just a coincidence.

However, the violent winds and waves in the North Sea did not make Chen Muwu stand on the deck and shout "Let the storm come more violently" like Haiyan described by Gorky, but directly shook him to doubt his life.

During the one-day and one-night voyage, Chen Muwu couldn't help feeling sick and vomiting, and basically never got out of bed.

If he knew this was the case, Chen Muwu would rather take a long way by train than come to sea to suffer this crime.

His reaction to seasickness this time was stronger than any other reaction before. The next day, when the ship docked in Helsingoer, Chen Muwu was stunned and carried down the gangway step by step by Oppenheimer.

He has already gained a Wang Yong before he became the principal.

The two stayed overnight in a local hotel in Helsingborg, and Oppenheimer was still the teacher who took care of himself.

After resting for another whole day, Chen Muwu finally came back to life with full blood.

His mood gradually became more cheerful, but he completely forgot that in the middle school Chinese class, when the teacher explained the role of environmental description, he once listed one item, that is, environmental description, which often also has the function of symbolism and suggestion.

Chen Muwu's trip to Denmark is not destined to be smooth sailing.

(End of this chapter)