Reborn and become a Great Scientist

Chapter 202 150 Director of Mond Laboratory

Seeing that the niobium metal sheet in the machine floated up exactly as imagined, Chen Muwu ignored Huxley and Wells to launch rockets and satellites together, but left them behind and ran straight to the machine .

Everything was proceeding step by step according to Chen Muwu's plan, but even so, he kept a shocked expression on his face, and kept muttering to himself: "Damn it, damn it, how is it possible? "

"Dr. Chen, what happened?"

Wells and Huxley also rushed over after him, and the latter hurriedly asked him about the current situation, for fear that he brought someone into the laboratory today, which would affect and damage Chen Muwu's experimental results.

The David Faraday Laboratory is now the hottest laboratory in the UK, and the research on superconductivity in low-temperature physics is the ace project in the laboratory.

If something went wrong in Chen Muwu's superconducting experiment because of the arrival of the two of them, then the two of them must be to blame, and they might even become the biggest sinners in Britain.

"Professor Huxley, the experimental phenomenon is somewhat unexpected. It is completely different from the situation of an ideal conductor." Chen Muwu pointed to the reading on the helium thermometer, "Look, the ambient temperature inside the instrument has reached 8 Kelvin. This temperature is lower than the critical temperature of niobium, indicating that the sample has entered a superconducting state at this time.

"According to the previous assumption, after the sample enters the superconducting state, it can be regarded as an ideal conductor, but the ideal conductor will not float in the magnetic field."

"Dr. Chen, what does the current phenomenon explain?" Wells also asked with some concern.

"It's hard to say," Chen Muwu shook his head deliberately, "I may have to repeat this experiment a few more times to see if there are other factors that interfere with the experiment. If the result is still the same after the repetition, then it means niobium, Or other metals cannot be regarded as ideal conductors after entering the superconducting state, and a new explanation needs to be given to him.”

Wells wanted to continue to ask, didn't Dr. Chen just say that after the material enters the superconductivity, it can be suspended in the magnetic field?
Now that the result has come out, the piece of metal called niobium was quietly suspended in the instrument like that, but why did he make such a fuss?
It was a pity that Chen Muwu would not give him another chance to ask questions. Seeing that the phenomenon he wanted finally appeared, the work of these two guests as witnesses in the laboratory was completed, and it was time to serve tea to the guests.

"Mr. Wells, Professor Huxley, I'm really sorry, I wanted to demonstrate superconductivity to the two of you today, but I didn't expect the experiment to change suddenly, and it seems that a new effect has been produced.

"Next, I will conduct research on this new experimental phenomenon. I guess I don't have time to continue introducing superconductivity to the two of you. I'm really sorry!"

"It's okay, it's okay, Dr. Chen, your experiment is important. Then, let's leave first, and continue your scientific research without disturbing you."

Seeing that there was no anxious look on Chen Muwu's expression, and his tone of voice was quite steady, Huxley's heart was finally relieved.

But he still felt that it was not suitable to stay here for a long time. As soon as Chen Muwu saw off the guests, he hurriedly took Wells to leave in a hurry.

But Wells still wants to continue chatting with this interesting young man. Although the thing he said about launching cannonballs into the sky is a cliché, it is quite interesting to say that trains can fly close to the ground without using rails. .

Before leaving, Wells did not forget to invite Chen Muwu to meet next time: "Dr. Chen, after your experiment is completed, you are very welcome to visit my home."

"Mr. Wells, if I have the opportunity, I will definitely visit the house."

After the two left, Chen Muwu didn't continue his research, but turned off the machine directly, and after cleaning up the remaining frozen fruits, he leisurely clocked in and went home from get off work.

It is not enough to just discover this experimental phenomenon. Tomorrow, he has to guide his two students to give them a reasonable explanation for this experimental phenomenon.

Although Shi Ruwei is the first author of the paper on the development of the superconducting effect of metal niobium, niobium is not a ceramic after all, and its superconducting critical temperature is not high enough. This small discovery alone will not win the Nobel Prize award.

But after adding the complete diamagnetism of superconductors, it should be very competitive.

"Tell me, what do you two think about this novel phenomenon?"

The next day, after re-demonstrating to Shi Ruwei and Oppenheimer that niobium spontaneously floats from a magnetic field after entering a superconducting state, Chen Muwu posed his own question.

Oppenheimer shook his head inexplicably.

Although he is not good at doing experiments by hand and is better at thinking about theoretical problems, the problem of magnetism is still a very partial branch of physics for him.

Mr. Chen is a master in relativity and quantum mechanics. After entering Cambridge, Oppenheimer has been working hard in these two areas, but he never expected that he would have such a high attainment in the study of magnetism.

People are more deadly than people, and Chen Muwu is a peak that can never be reached for Oppenheimer.

This reminded him of a recently learned Chinese idiom called Gao Shan Yang Zhi.

But Shi Ruwei is different. After he entered Cambridge University last year, he not only followed Chen Muwu's request to study theoretical knowledge in university classrooms and libraries, but was also arranged by Chen Muwu to join the Cavendish University, whether intentionally or not. In the laboratory, I followed Kapitsa, the assistant head of the Department of Magnetics, and the man who met Stoner when he was doing experiments with De Broglie, and did research together.

After this year, although Shi Ruwei cannot be said to be proficient, he has accumulated a lot of knowledge about magnetism.

Oppenheimer had expressed his opinion a long time ago, but Chen Muwu didn't say anything, but stared at the two with a smile. It seemed that he was waiting for Shi Ruwei to express his thoughts.

"Brother Hanchen, since this piece of niobium can float, it means that there must be a lifting force, and the magnitude of this lifting force must at least be greater than the gravity of the metal piece."

Chen Muwu nodded, motioning for him to continue talking.

"This kind of lift is definitely not the buoyancy brought by the air, and it is placed in the magnetic field. It is easy to think that this should be an electromagnetic repulsion based on the magnetic field.

"Reminiscent of the performance of an ideal conductor in a magnetic field, and the analogy with the experimental phenomenon that the metal enters the superconducting state first, and then the magnetic field is added. I think it may be that this niobium metal enters the superconducting state due to cooling After that, all the lines of magnetic induction in its body are discharged, in other words, it generates a new magnetic field that is opposite to the direction of the environmental magnetic field."

Oppenheimer still looked confused, while Chen Muwu nodded and smiled: "Heroes see the same thing, and I think the same way. It's just not enough to rely on the brain to think. Physics is an experimental science. We will continue to The next thing to do is to design experiments for verification.

"But before that, I think we should try another element, say, lead."

Niobium is a paramagnetic metal, while lead is a diamagnetic metal, and the two metals behave somewhat differently in a magnetic field.

If the lead metal sheet is also like niobium, first applied a magnetic field and then cooled down, and after entering the superconducting state, it is also suspended in the magnetic field, then it can be explained that this behavior is not unique to paramagnetic materials, but for all materials. Both are applicable, no matter paramagnetic or diamagnetic, they will discharge the magnetic field lines in their own body when they are superconducting, and become a diamagnetic substance.

When Meissner was doing experiments, he also considered paramagnetism and diamagnetism.

As the antimagnetic metal, he chose lead, of course.

It's just that the paramagnetic material he used is metallic tin.

The critical temperature for tin to enter the superconducting state is 3 Kelvin, so Chen Muwu discovered the superconductivity of niobium, a paramagnetic material with a higher critical temperature, earlier, which is well prepared for today's experiment Base.

After talking about his thoughts, Chen Muwu continued to be his hands-off shopkeeper, asking Shi Ruwei and Oppenheimer to verify whether lead can also float.

He felt that there should be no accidents in this simple practice, but no accidents, accidents still appeared.

"Mr. Chen, the temperature has dropped to 5 Kelvin, but the lead sheet in the magnetic field still hasn't been able to float like niobium."

It was Oppenheimer who came to report to him, a look of panic on his face.

"Really? Then I'll go and have a look."

Standing up and walking to the machine, looking at the piece of lead that was bigger and thicker than the previous niobium, Chen Muwu's nose hangs and he doesn't get pissed off.

The magnetic field is still the same, but the metal has been changed from niobium to lead with a higher density.

Moreover, not only the optical density increases, but also the volume of the sample increases.

It's hard to say whether that small magnetic field can produce enough repulsion to offset the lead piece, or even call it the gravity of the lead piece.

"Who found this product?"

"It's me, Teacher Chen."

Just guess it.

Oppenheimer didn't know how to operate the machine, so he could only help Shi Ruwei to fight, but unexpectedly, he couldn't even prepare the samples well.

"Let's find another piece of lead. The current sample is too big and too heavy. Otherwise, increase the magnetic field and try again."

It's really not worrying, you have to teach yourself this kind of thing.

Finally, after several improvements, the lead sheet also successfully floated in the magnetic field.

This new phenomenon also occurs in diamagnetic lead, which means that this is not a unique phenomenon that only occurs in niobium, and should be applicable to all superconductors.

Next, it is time to design an experiment to detect the magnetic induction intensity inside the superconductor.

Shi Ruwei talked with Chen Muwu about how the experiment should be designed, and Oppenheimer was still "waving the flag" beside him.

Although he had a smile on his face, he kept telling himself in his heart that after the experiment came to an end, he must study magnetism well.

The experimental method that the two finally decided on was to prepare two cylindrical superconductors, and place them parallel up and down with only a small gap between them.

Then put a search coil into the gap, and the other end of the coil is connected to the surge galvanometer.

Then record and compare the readings on the ammeter under the two conditions above and below the critical temperature respectively.

For Shi Ruwei and Oppenheimer, no one can say whether the experiment will be successful.

But they all hope that the experiment will be successful, because if it fails, they will have to find a new theoretical explanation for the floating phenomenon again, and then redesign the experimental verification for the new theory.

But for Chen Muwu, this experiment is completely about shooting the arrow first and then drawing the target, and it is destined to be successful.

The experimental results were exactly as he expected.

At this point, Chen Muwu's research work on low temperature physics in the laboratory is all over. After writing a paper on this new effect, he should not be engaged in it again for more than ten or even twenty years. The study of low temperature physics.

In more than half a year, he invented plexiglass, earned enough funds for Swedish schools, and made two Nobel Prize-level discoveries of deuterium and superconductor complete diamagnetism. Chen Muwu thinks this is quite worthwhile. some time.

Although his original intention of conducting low-temperature physics research was just trying to point out the crooked technology tree.

After handing over the thesis to the editor-in-chief Gregory, after walking out of the editorial gate of "Nature" weekly, Chen Muwu threw a letter he had prepared a long time ago into the postbox.

His letter was the same as last time, and in a very humble tone, he informed Yoshio Nishina that he was lucky enough to have made a small and inconspicuous achievement in superconductivity.

What Yoshio Nishina thought after reading the letter in the Netherlands has nothing to do with Chen Muwu. Anyway, this time he is finally going to escape the bitter sea of ​​low-temperature physics and return to the embrace of particle research...

……?

Some people don't want this to happen.

Knowing that Chen Muwu finished all the experiments at the Royal Research Institute and planned to leave London and return to Cambridge, Old Prague was in a hurry.

Now the name of the David-Faraday Laboratory is well-known throughout the UK, and the laboratory has sufficient funding. The site selection for the new Mond Laboratory has also been completed and construction will begin soon.

Old Prague is preparing to show his talents and realize his grand ambitions, but at this juncture, Dr. Chen wants to leave?This is absolutely impossible.

The revival of the David-Faraday Laboratory is because the old Prague followed Chen Muwu's opinion and vigorously publicized the development of low-temperature physics in the UK in newspapers.

The Mond Laboratory under construction is also a specialized laboratory mainly researching low-temperature physics.

Now the person with the highest level of low-temperature physics experiments in the whole of the UK is his old Prague in the hearts of the British.

On the actual level, no one can surpass Chen Muwu.

If Dr. Chen wants to go back to Cambridge, won't he show his cowardice?
Coincidentally, the new Mond Laboratory still lacked a director.

If Chen Muwu stayed in the Cavendish Laboratory and wanted to become the director, he would at least wait until Rutherford retired.

But looking at the old guy's body, it doesn't seem to be a problem if he works for another 30 to [-] years.

Although the professorship at the University of London can't keep you, can't you be the director of the laboratory with all promises?
(End of this chapter)