Reborn and become a Great Scientist

Chapter 289 28 Chen Muwu doesn’t talk about martial ethics

How do you say that line in "The Swordsman"?

The world is out of my generation, and the years are reminded as soon as I enter the world.

Chen Muwu felt that he had traveled to the 20s and had caught up with a turbulent era.

Not only is physics booming, with the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics successively created and continuously improved, but other disciplines are also in an era of explosion of knowledge theory.

In mathematics, Hilbert wanted to build a mathematical building, although he was overthrown by a few juniors, which made the king of mathematics hate him.

In astronomy, Hubble discovered that Andromeda is actually outside the Milky Way, which allowed people's view of the universe to expand outward from the Milky Way. Then some people proposed that the universe was created through a big bang. This conjecture was confirmed using microwave background radiation.

Now in geography, Chen Muwu encountered a new discovery that he was very familiar with. The German who the American son-in-law said was cheating money was not Alfred Wegener who proposed the continental drift hypothesis. Who else could it be? Woolen cloth?
If a person in the 22nd century traveled back 100 years and wanted to rely on his foresight to make achievements in academic research, what sensational views would he put forward like Chen Muwu?

Is it to unify the basic forces, to find superconducting materials at room temperature and pressure, or to bring advanced technology of controllable nuclear fusion to people?

Many knowledge points printed in middle school textbooks turned into new discoveries that shocked the world 100 years ago.

Of course, the reason for shock is not necessarily because they think this new discovery is too correct. If it is too ridiculous, it can also shock people.

The shock caused by the "continental drift hypothesis" proposed by Wegener obviously belongs to the latter type.

Many primary and secondary school students’ books have recorded a saying that Wegener was ill and hospitalized in 19, because the time in the hospital was very boring. There were no mobile phones, no TVs, no tablets, and no games. He could only watch them every day. Newspaper, or stare at the scenery outside the window in a daze.

While Wegener was hospitalized, he accidentally saw a world map posted on his bedside, and surprisingly discovered that the coastline on the east side of South America and the coastline on the west side of the African continent were very consistent.

So this gave Wegener an idea. Did the Great Kun Ocean sandwiched between the two continents actually not exist? The two continents of South America and Africa were originally split from one continent?
Just like a porcelain plate dropped to the ground, it will break into several different pieces.

Putting the pieces together, you still get an approximately complete disk.

There is basically nothing wrong with this short story that advises primary and middle school students to be good at observation and diligent in thinking.

It's just that Wegener was the first to discover that the coastlines of South America and Africa coincide, which is more or less a myth.

Since Columbus discovered the New World of America in the fifteenth century and humans were able to draw maps of the New World of North and South America, many people have noticed that the coastline on the east side of South America coincides with the coastline on the west side of Africa.

For example, in 1620, another famous alumnus of Chen Muwu at Trinity College, Cambridge, Francis Bacon, had already put forward such a view.

He said, "Some of the continents on the map are like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle, such as the west coast of Africa and the east coast of South America. The coastlines match up surprisingly well."

But for Bacon, the great philosopher, it was just a surprise.

As an early materialist, I cannot believe that anyone can tear apart the hard and stable land and push it thousands of miles away just because the shapes match.

If you want to say it was God who did it, God might not be willing to do such a nasty thing.

Since then, many people have discovered that the coastlines on both sides of the South Atlantic coincide with each other, but they all just treat it as a casual conversation piece, and no one takes it seriously.

The only exception is Abraham Ortelius, a Dutch geographer in the sixteenth century. He once proposed the theory that "America was separated from Europe and Africa because of earthquakes and floods." Earthquakes were the trigger for the continent to split, and floods It is the reason why the continents are filled with Atlantic water.

Well, based on the level of scientific development of his time, the conjecture put forward by Ortelius is very reasonable.

With the development of science and the advancement of technology, some people slowly began to use scientific research methods to study this fun thing.

In 1859, Antonio Snead Pellegrini, a French geographer living in Paris, wrote "Genesis and Its Mysteries" in French, which for the first time proposed the division of the original continent and the lateral movement of its components. this kind of thinking.

He believes that all the continents on the earth were once connected during the Pennsylvanian Period of the Paleoecological Carboniferous Period.

The reason for Antonio to make this judgment is that he found the same plant fossils in Europe and the United States.

After Antonio, Edward Hughes, professor of geology at the University of Vienna, Austria, inherited his ideas.

Hughes discovered that the rock formations on all continents in the southern hemisphere were very consistent, and he was still in South America.Glossary fern plant fossils have been found in Africa and India.

So Hughes believed that a long time ago, these three lands were once connected in a supercontinent and named it Gondwana.

The reason why it is now divided into three is not because of splitting and drift, but because part of the continent sank, causing the sea water to rise and overflow the parts where the three continents are connected to each other.

If you could observe the sea floor, you should be able to find the "land bridge" connecting the three continents to each other.

Antonio's split theory explains the matching of coastlines, but it cannot explain how the continent split.

Hughes' partial subsidence theory can explain how an ancient continent was divided into several parts, but it cannot explain the matching of coastlines.

After Hughes, there was Roberto Mantovani, an Italian violinist.

He synthesized the theories of Antonio and Seuss and proposed a new hypothesis that could explain both the coincidence of the coastlines and how the continents were divided.

Mantovani believed that the Earth's former radius was much smaller than its current radius, and that the entire Earth's surface was covered by a single continent.

After this, the thermal expansion of the earth's interior triggered volcanic activity, causing the original continent to split, forming a new continent, and drifting away from each other due to the further expansion of the tear zone, so the ocean filled the tear.

Mantovani's Earth expansion theory once rivaled the continental drift hypothesis, and many well-known experts in other disciplines eventually supported his theory.

For example, Chen Muwu’s good friend, Dirac.

Dirac once proposed the idea in the 30s that the gravitational constant has been decreasing during its billions of years of existence.

According to Dirac's view, Born's right-hand man Jordan also proposed a modification to the general theory of relativity in 1964, that is, all planets are slowly expanding.

This explanation given by Dirac and Jordan is considered to provide feasibility in the physical context of the hypothesis of earth expansion.

Apart from Mantovani, the only remaining theory about why the seven continents are shaped like this is the continental drift hypothesis.The first person to propose this hypothesis was American geologist Frank Bursley Taylor.

Taylor, like Oppenheimer, was also the son of a wealthy family.

He is the son of a lawyer. After dropping out of Harvard University, he relied on his father's support to study on his own.

Taylor was the first to propose to the Geological Society of America in 1908 the idea that continents move across the Earth's surface, and that the collision of continents can cause mountains to rise.

Later, Taylor also gave an explanation for continental drift, believing that the earth captured a comet in the early days, which later became the moon.

Because the strong tidal force provided by the sudden appearance of the moon will cause the continents to move toward the equator, this is why today's situation is formed.

Later, the young man Taylor felt that studying geology was not interesting, so he chose to continue playing games.

The things Taylor threw away were picked up by Wegener who was recovering from illness on the other side of the ocean.

In 1912, Wegener independently wrote a book called "The Origin of Land and Sea", in which he proposed his "theory of continental drift."

With a hypothesis, if you want to turn this thing from a guess into a reality, you need to find evidence.

So Wegener, a meteorologist, temporarily changed his profession and embarked on one geological expedition after another.

Look up at the stars and keep your feet on the ground.

Astronomical observation and geological survey are both very expensive subjects.

Wegener is not as rich as Taylor. Before each expedition, he either works hard to save money, or travels around to solicit sponsorships. Like Chen Muwu, he hopes to have a big sponsor to sponsor his expedition.

But even so, the money he saved was only enough to go to Greenland near Europe, and he could not afford to go to South America, Africa, Oceania and India.

Today at the meeting of the Apostolic Society, I heard from Americans that Wegener went to the regular meeting of the American Society of Petroleum Geologists, mostly to beg the wealthy Americans to fund his investigation.

The reason why Americans oppose Wegener is not because they think the idea of ​​a continent splitting into seven parts is unreasonable, but because they think there is something wrong with the reasons for the split given by Wegener.

Taylor said that what caused the continents to break apart and drift was the tidal gravity of the early moon.

This view may sound bluffing at first, but it may be correct. Only after careful consideration can you find out the irrationality.

The reason given by Wegener is simply the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the earth.

This sounds like it is not powerful enough, and through simple calculations, it can be concluded that the centrifugal force of the earth's rotation is not enough to cause the continents to split and drift.

The reason he found was indeed too false. No wonder everyone, whether it was the Petroleum Geology Society in the United States or the Cambridge Apostolic Society in the United Kingdom, laughed at Wegener's whims.

Although Wegener did not know the cause of continental drift, Chen Muwu did.

And it doesn't matter even if Chen Muwu doesn't know. He only needs to use this theory to create profits, and then capital can force everyone to believe that the continents on the earth are constantly drifting.

When it comes to what is an emerging resource that is becoming more and more important in today's world, there is no other answer other than oil.

But how to explore for oil has always been a big problem.

Some people use the land phase to find oil, and some people use the marine phase to find oil.

Some people use organic theory to find oil, while others use inorganic theory to find oil.

In short, the public says the public is right, and the mother-in-law says the mother-in-law is right. No matter what the theory is, as long as oil can be found, it is a good theory.

The continental drift hypothesis can also be used to find oil.

The strata can move laterally and squeeze to form a trap structure, allowing oil to migrate over and form an oil reservoir smoothly.

Wegener went to the Petroleum Institute to lobby, which may be a blind cat meeting a dead mouse.

But this gave Chen Muwu inspiration, and he planned to use the continental drift theory to defraud a sum of money from the British Anglo-Persian Petroleum Company, later known as BP.

Some people may ask, how can Chen Muwu be sure to use plate theory to find oil buried underground?
At this time, Chen Muwu had to ask, why did he use the plate theory to find the oil buried underground?

Xiao Chen, I am the Chosen One and a cheat player. Isn’t it cool to enter the cheat code of “I See Dead People” without any ethics and directly open the full view of the map?
I said that there was oil in the Dutch East Indies, and there was oil in the Dutch East Indies.

I said that oil will appear in Siberia. Once a well is drilled, the oil will flow out.

Chen Muwu was not only trying to make money, he was also thinking about whether he could make a plan to kill Li Daitao.

Army Red Deer may not be able to conquer all of Siberia and fight along the railway all the way to Tyumen.

But if it had been announced 20 years earlier that the Dutch East Indies had large oil reserves, would the Red Deer Navy sing "March of Warships" and fight all the way to Sumatra and Java?

No matter whether it is going north or south, as long as I can allocate my troops to attack other places, will it have the effect of killing fellow Taoists but not poor Taoists?

As long as oil is found using the plate theory, the practicality of this hypothesis will never be doubted.

But how should we explain it scientifically and find a theoretical basis for the plate theory? Just finding oil is definitely not enough to convince geologists.

However, Chen Muwu is not in a hurry. At least he has to wait until he announces the phenomenon and principle of nuclear fission before he can find a sufficient source of power for continental drift.

You can't just take out the big killer weapon of nuclear fission in advance for a geology that Sheldon thinks is not even a science, right?

Everyone in the Apostolic Society was still mocking Wegener unceremoniously in the gathering. Chen Muwu, who was hiding in the corner and trying to reduce his presence, suddenly raised his hand: "Brother, you said that your father-in-law is attending the meeting of the American Society of Petroleum Geology. So, is he involved in oil-related industries? Or is there anyone among you who can contact Anglo-Persian Petroleum Company? I am very interested in oil exploration recently. Can you find an opportunity to introduce me to people in the circle? ?”

(End of this chapter)