Reborn and become a Great Scientist

Chapter 71 20 Boring Experiments

However, Chen Muwu does not intend and does not need to win the Nobel Prize in Physics by first publishing the experimental results of Raman scattering, because he now has a theory about gamma-ray scattering.

Once Kapitza and Blackett managed to capture the trace of the recoil electron in the cloud chamber, it would be even more certain that he would win the award.

It is estimated that Chen Muwu will be able to win his first Nobel Prize in Physics no later than 1927.

As long as he can win the award before 1927, Chen Muwu can surpass Lawrence Bragg and become the youngest Nobel Prize winner in history, and keep this record until more than 80 years later.

Of course, it was not younger and more talented physicists who broke this record, but the increasingly politically correct Peace Prize jury, relying on their increasingly deformed judging eyes, selected Winner of the Peace Prize.

……

About who was the first to discover Raman scattering, there was a public case in history.

Raman submitted his final paper on February 1928, 2, and just a week before, on February 28, the two Sulian physicists, Landsberg and Mandelstein, took the lead in domestic physics research. Papers on this phenomenon have been submitted independently in journals.

But in the end, the Western academic circles who have the right to speak would rather choose to name this scattering phenomenon after their colonial Indians than people from red countries whose skin color and appearance are similar to theirs.

However, in Sulian, this scattering phenomenon is called "joint scattering" because it was discovered jointly by physicists.

This appellation also indirectly affected our country to a certain extent. In the early physics papers after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the word "joint scattering" appeared more frequently than "Raman effect".

Similar to the previous Compton effect, the Raman effect is also an energy exchange between the incident light and molecules, which in turn changes the wavelength of the scattered light.

Slightly different from the Compton effect, this time it is the molecules that collide with the photons, not the free electrons in Compton scattering.

To a certain extent, the Raman effect can also prove the reliability of the light quantum theory, and in terms of academic logic, it can be regarded as the same line as Chen Muwu's previous papers.

So ever since he thought of the Raman effect on the ship, Chen Muwu decided to take it as his first experiment after arriving in Cambridge.

……

In fact, Chen Muwu was not saving money for the Cavendish Laboratory. He also wanted to ask Rutherford for equipment, because at that time in the university laboratory, the light source he used for Raman scattering was strong monochromatic and accurate. Laser with high straightness.

But in 1923, even if Chen Muwu traveled all over the world, he would never find a single laser.

Although Einstein proposed the concept of "stimulated radiation" as early as 1917, the first laser beam produced by humans based on this principle had to wait until 1960, decades later.

Chen Muwu felt that there was no need for him to develop the laser decades in advance for the sake of Raman scattering.

To develop a laser, there is still a lot of preliminary work to be done, such as first proposing the wave equation (Dirac equation) under the relativistic effect.

But before this equation is born, it is necessary to understand Heisenberg's matrix and Schrödinger's equation, Pauli's exclusion principle, and the discovery of the spin of electrons, etc.

You have to eat one bite at a time, and you have to go step by step.

It's not realistic to ask him to rub out a ruby ​​laser now, is it?

So when the Duke of York got married, all the great physicists went to London. During the few days when he was not in the laboratory, Chen Muwu walked around Cavendish, trying to find a working high-pressure mercury lamp.

What he thought in his mind was that without a laser, he could barely carry out the experiment by using a prism to separate a beam of light from a mercury lamp.

But Chen Muwu couldn't find this kind of thing even if he dug three feet, because the high-pressure mercury lamp would not be invented until more than ten years later.

Now there are low-pressure mercury lamps, but their brightness is too dim, and most of the spectral lines are distributed in the ultraviolet invisible region, so it is very difficult to operate the experiment.

As for neon lamps, which are common neon lamps in the streets and alleys, the wavelength of the red light emitted by it is too long, so it is easy to mix the scattered spectrum and the fluorescent spectrum together.

In this way, if you want to detect whether it is fluorescence or scattered light, you need to add an experiment to check the polarization of light (this is because fluorescence is not polarized), which further complicates the experimental steps.

After much deliberation, Chen Muwu had no choice but to adopt the oldest method, which is to separate a beam of sunlight for experimentation, just like his old senior student Newton in Trinity College discovered the dispersion of light with a prism.

In the darkroom Rutherford prepared for him, Chen Muwu cut a small hole in the curtains, and led out a beam of sunlight from it, and used a lens group to focus the sunlight and then diverge it into a thinner beam of parallel light. Passing it through a blue-violet filter, a uranium glass, and a collimating slit, he had a nearly monochromatic light source that he could barely use.

The reason for choosing blue is that the experimental phenomenon will be more obvious because of the shorter wavelength of blue light;

With the light source and the experimental items of pure water and pure ethanol, he still has a complete experimental principle in his brain. He only needs a little patience, and this experiment is still very easy to do.

The only thing that limits the speed of Chen Muwu's experiments is that the sunlight can only be strongest during the few hours close to noon every day, so he can only do experiments within this period of time.

But even so, after three days, Chen Muwu managed to find the first scattering line of water molecules in the eyepiece of the spectroscope.

He adjusted his excitement and took the first photo of the scattering spectrum on the photographic film.

The next job is to change the liquid in the container, such as ethanol, acetic acid, etc., to measure and record the specific data of the spectral lines in different liquids.

If Chen Muwu was a professor or a team leader, he could completely hand over the subsequent experiments to his graduate coolies.

If Chen Muwu was doing experiments on the most popular nuclear or radioactive experiments in the Cavendish Laboratory, and he reported them to Rutherford after he achieved initial results, then it is estimated that Rutherford will send someone soon to assist him in his research.

It's a pity that Chen Muwu didn't meet the two conditions. He could only do it himself, changing the experimental materials again and again, and then recording the experimental data again and again.

Only Kapitsa occasionally came over to help with a pipe during the noon break, and told Chen Muwu by the way that he and Blackett had made some new progress in the experiment.

　Thank you for your rewards, monthly tickets and recommendation tickets, and thank you for your support.

　　
　
(End of this chapter)