Agricultural giant since 1983

Chapter 385 Soil Testing Formula Fertilization
"It is indeed a good thing. I will buy more next year. This year, I use less chemical fertilizer than before, and the harvest can increase so much. If I use more fertilizer next year, won't there be more grain harvested?" Xinzhu continued.

"No, please don't! It's not that the more you use the fertilizer, the better. Sometimes it's a bad thing if you use too much. Although I sell chemical fertilizers, I definitely hope that you will buy more and more, but we Huinong have always been It’s a long-term business, so we must not cheat you! The amount we used before was just right, less is not enough, and more is not only wasteful, but also has other problems.” Qi Shucheng quickly stopped.

"Using too much urea will burn the crops, and your fertilizer is the same?" De'an asked quickly. He had seen examples of excessive fertilization before, but he didn't expect that compound fertilizer would do the same. Others heard They all pricked up their ears, they were all peasants, and they must pay attention to such a major matter related to the harvest.

"This fertilizer is like a tonic. If people eat too much tonic, they will get nosebleeds, and if the land uses too much fertilizer, it will naturally cause bad things!" Qi Shucheng popularized science for them, just like what he said just now, Huinong is in a long-term business Naturally, I hope that people's lives will get better and better, so while promoting their own products, they will also do some work to popularize agricultural knowledge, so as to help people reduce losses and increase income.

He began to draw on the blackboard again, "During the production of urea, a substance called 'biuret' will be produced. If the 'biuret' is too high, it will burn the seedlings and roots, causing fertilizer damage. Some people in our county used too much urea, and finally burned the seedlings because of this reason!"

According to national regulations, the content of "biuret" in urea should not exceed 2%. If the content of "biuret" exceeds 1%, it cannot be used as seed fertilizer. If it exceeds 2%, fertilizer damage may occur during top dressing; but because of production Due to technical reasons, the content of "biuret" in the urea produced by many chemical fertilizer factories, especially those small chemical fertilizer factories, often exceeds the standard, causing considerable losses to the common people. Therefore, although imported Japanese urea is more expensive than domestic urea, many Ordinary people still like to use Japanese urea because the content of "biuret" in Japanese urea is very low.

"In addition, I guess everyone has heard a saying called 'medicine is three-point poison'. We use chemical fertilizers for crops as well as medicine for humans! Why can chemical fertilizers increase production? It is because they can supplement the soil necessary for plant production. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but crop growth does not only need nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Air, water, and soil microorganisms are more important than chemical fertilizers. Once chemical fertilizers are used in excess, they will affect water quality and disrupt the microbial cycle of the soil, resulting in soil compaction , Soil nutrient imbalance and other problems, the land will be useless if it is serious! So when we use chemical fertilizers, we must control the amount, just use the amount we said, don’t use too much!”

According to the data in Li Lei's mind, the ratio of chemical fertilizer application to agricultural production increase has been decreasing. In the 80s, every kilogram of chemical fertilizer could achieve a 1:20 increase in production, but in the first decade of the 21st century, the increase in production ratio was only 1. :5, while the amount of fertilizer application has increased from 80 kilograms per hectare in the 40s to 400 kilograms per hectare, and the input has increased by 10 times.

The disadvantages of indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers are far more than what Qi Shucheng said. In addition to soil compaction and reduced production, it will also cause pollution of the surrounding water and soil environment, decline in crop resistance to diseases and insect pests, decline in product quality, decrease in farmers' income, and waste of strategic resources. , so the country has been controlling the amount of chemical fertilizers in the future. As of the time he traveled, the amount of chemical fertilizers used in China has dropped for five consecutive years, but it has not caused a reduction in grain production. This shows that China's use of chemical fertilizers has become more and more science too.

There are several reasons for the reduction in the amount of chemical fertilizer application. The first is the advancement of chemical fertilizer technology. From simple fertilizers to compound fertilizers, slow-release fertilizers, and then to water-soluble fertilizers, the content and release efficiency of active ingredients in chemical fertilizers have been continuously improved, and less chemical fertilizers are used. If we can achieve better results, naturally we don’t need so much; secondly, the improvement of fertilizer production technology, small-scale and poor-quality fertilizer factories are constantly being eliminated, and the quality of products produced by large-scale fertilizer factories is better, which also effectively reduces the amount of fertilizer applied.

At the same time, advances in agricultural planting technology, breeding technology, and irrigation technology have all reduced the dependence on chemical fertilizers. Another technology that has also played a key role is the technology of soil testing and formula fertilization. Strictly analyze the soil of a certain plot, and then carry out targeted fertilization according to the analysis results to supplement the nutrient elements needed by the crops, supplement whatever elements the crops lack, and supplement as much as they need to achieve a balanced supply of various nutrients. meet the needs of crops.

However, the cost of soil testing and formula fertilization is relatively high, and the cost of testing the specific components of the soil is not affordable for ordinary farmers, so there is no way to spread it to every customer of Huinong, but some places are very suitable for use, such as Hui For large farms in XJ, Northeast China, and Kazakhstan, the cost of testing is spread over tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands of acres of land, so the cost is nothing.

Now Li Lei brought people to Shihezi, where he was going to carry out the experiment of soil testing and formula fertilization. The leaders of the group farm were also very curious, and followed him to the field to see the staff working in the field, and Li Lei gave them Doing science popularization, "The development of American agriculture is not only reflected in mechanization, but also an important reason why they have the conditions to carry out soil testing and formula fertilization."

Li Lei also gave an inappropriate example, "Think about it, give an inappropriate example. This is like seeing a doctor. Now the way farmers fertilize is equivalent to taking medicine at home based on experience. disease, and soil testing and formula fertilization is equivalent to going to a tertiary hospital, looking for a doctor to see a doctor, first going to do X-ray, CT and other examinations, and then prescribing a prescription to take medicine. The effects of these two methods will definitely be very different. .”

"That's what I understand. It's the same as when we fight a war. Only by knowing yourself and yourself can you win every battle. The more you understand the enemy and yourself, the greater the hope of victory!" Luo Wenhua, who had received Li Lei on behalf of the Eighth Agricultural Division, nodded and said. He is already the leader of the Eighth Agricultural Division.

"The specific process is not complicated. It is from soil collection, testing, formulating, and then looking for chemical fertilizer factories to carry out "tailor-made" according to the needs of different crops for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, and various trace elements during the growth process. ', to produce precise fertilizers that are suitable for different plots and different crops." Li Lei continued to popularize science.

"Well, it's like sending anti-tank missiles to the troops when they encounter tanks, and anti-aircraft missiles when they encounter airplanes! Only in this way can we catch them easily!" Luo Wenhua understood.

Li Lei attaches great importance to this work, so Jiao Gaoliang personally led the team to do the soil analysis, and he will report to Li Lei and Luo Wenhua immediately after taking over, "According to the test results, the soil layer depth of the land is 20 cm, and the groundwater The location is 350 cm, and the soil nutrient contents are organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium, and the pH values ​​are 14.58 g/kg, 1.143 g/kg, 17.30 mg/kg, 185.60 mg/kg, and 7.2, respectively. The nitrogen fertilizer content in the soil If it is too high, although it can accelerate the growth of wheat in a short period of time, if the nitrogen fertilizer is used unreasonably for a long time, the soil cultivation performance in the field will gradually deteriorate, the soil layer will become shallower, a large amount of nutrients will be lost, and serious compaction will occur. Lodging occurred, which seriously affected the yield and quality."

"According to this situation, we decided to modify the chemical fertilizer formula in the test field. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the formula fertilizer was 20:15:9, and then designed three treatment groups, which were blank control group, soil test formula fertilization group and For the traditional fertilization group, use the same seeds and the same planting method, and then wait for the harvest to see the specific effect! If the effect of the soil test formula fertilization group is really good, then we can apply it on a large scale!" Jiao Gaoliang took out the experimental plan .

If you want to change the fertilization method for tens of thousands of acres of land, you can't make a decision casually. It must be tested through experiments, otherwise there will be problems.

Li Lei and Jiao Gaoliang finalized the experimental plan and left. The specific implementation work was handed over to the experimental team jointly established by Huinong and Wesfarmers. The team leader was Fang Yukun, a postgraduate graduate of Wesfarmers. He led the team to live in Shihezi First, level the land, and then start planting from October according to the specific conditions here. The three control groups were sown with 12.5 kilograms of wheat seeds per mu. .

Like Xinzhu and De'an's experiment, in this experiment, during the whole field management process, except for the different fertilization amounts of the three groups, other cultivation managements were highly consistent.

When the wheat seedlings came out, Li Lei and Luo Wenhua came to the experimental field again. It was obvious that the leaves of the wheat in the control group were light green throughout the seedling stage, their growth was relatively slow, and their growth was relatively weak, while the wheat with the best growth It is the soil test and formula fertilization area. The wheat leaves are dark green, growing well, and the plants are strong. The wheat in the conventional fertilization area has different degrees of excessive growth. This shows that the fertilization in the field is unreasonable and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is too high. The result is just like what Jiao Gaoliang judged at the beginning exactly the same.

"This method is amazing! If it has the same effect when harvesting, then the method of using chemical fertilizers in all the farms of our Agricultural Eighth Division will have to be changed!" Luo Wenhua's eyes lit up when he saw that there was only three to five acres of land. Ordinary farmers cannot afford the cost of soil testing and formula fertilization, and no fertilizer factory is willing to order fertilizers for such a small farmer individually. But the Construction Corps is different. There are 10,000+ or ​​hundreds of thousands of acres in any farm. For land, the fertilizer they consume every year is almost enough for the annual output value of a small fertilizer factory. Isn't it just a matter of finding a fertilizer factory to order fertilizer?
"Don't worry, let's come and see when the harvest is over!" Li Lei is aiming at this opportunity, as long as he can get rid of XJ's group farms and large state-owned farms in the Northeast, and let them see the benefits of soil testing and formula fertilization, then Hui There is no need to worry about the sale of fertilizers from agricultural and chemical fertilizer factories.

In June, the wheat in the three experimental fields entered the mature stage one after another. Li Lei and Luo Wenhua came again. This time, they were accompanied by leaders from other corps, cadres from state-owned farms in Northeast China, and farmers from Kazakhstan. .

Under the supervision of everyone, Fang Yukun directed the workers to start harvesting, and then statistically analyzed the number of grains per ear, thousand-grain weight and yield per mu of wheat. The results showed that the effective number of ears per mu of the control group without any chemical fertilizers was 30.3 Each ear has an average of 30.5 grains, an average weight of 40.5 grains of wheat is 312.4 grams, and the average yield per mu is [-] kg.

The number of effective ears per mu in the experimental field using conventional fertilization methods is 41.4 ears, with an average of 34.1 grains per ear, an average weight of 41.2 grains of wheat, 443.2 grams, and an average yield of 120.8 kg per mu. Each data exceeds the control group, the output has increased by [-] kg, and the effect of increasing output is very obvious.

The data of the experimental field using soil testing and formula fertilization is even more beautiful. The effective number of ears per mu is 42.7 ears, with an average of 35.2 grains per ear, an average weight of 41.9 grains of wheat, and an average yield of 489.6 kg per mu. , the yield was 177.2 kg higher than that of the control group, and 46.4 kg higher than that of the conventional fertilization group.

"The most important thing is that the use of soil testing and formula fertilization technology does not increase the cost of chemical fertilizers. In terms of chemical fertilizer input, the average cost of chemical fertilizers per mu in conventional fertilization test fields is 57.3 yuan, while the average cost of soil testing and formula fertilization test fields is 51.9. The cost of chemical fertilizers for the purpose has not increased but decreased, only 5.4 yuan, which is [-] yuan less. If it is expanded to tens of thousands of acres of land, the saved expenses will be more than enough to cover the cost of soil testing!" Fang Yukun reported to them with the data.

The cost per mu of land was reduced by more than five yuan, and the output was increased by more than 90 catties. This was a difference in output of dozens of yuan. The leaders of the Corps, farm cadres and foreign farmers present were all tempted. Luo Wenhua even made a decision on the spot, "Mr. Li, since this technology has been verified by experiments, next year... oh no, from now on, we will conduct soil testing and analysis on the land of the entire Agricultural Eighth Division, and then use Order chemical fertilizers to fertilize!"

"This work is actually quite complicated. It not only needs to test the soil, but also gives different formulas according to the types of crops. After all, the nutrients required for the growth of wheat, tomatoes, and cotton must be different! But these we Huinong We are all prepared, and we will start implementing it as soon as we sign the contract!" Li Lei agreed with a smile, but the Eighth Agricultural Division has several million acres of land, and the annual fertilizer needs are calculated in units of [-] tons. As long as this list can be finalized, it is worth building a fertilizer plant for them nearby.

"Mr. Li, don't forget about us! We can also try this technology on a small scale first!" Other visitors were also moved. Although they didn't finalize the contract with Hui Nong immediately, most of them have already agreed to try it out. .

Now the fertilizer plant is stable.

　Tomorrow is still late, the day after tomorrow will be restored

　　
　
(End of this chapter)